Inothi Lezempilo Elibalulekile, Umlilo Nokuphepha: Lona umbhalo ofakwe kungobo yomlando ovela ku-2018. unyaka, hhayi umyalo wesimanje wokukhetha, ukuxuba, ukugcinwa noma ukusetshenziswa kwezinamatheliso, ama-sealant, izinyibilikisi kanye nezinto zokugcoba. Imikhiqizo echaziwe ingase iqukathe izithako ezivuthayo, ezinobuthi, ezibolayo, ezicasulayo noma ezisebenzayo futhi ingase ikhiphe isisi esiyingozi. Ungagcini noma usebenzise uphethiloli, i-trichlorethylene, i-ammonia, i-turpentine, i-acetone, amasistimu e-formaldehyde, noma amanye amakhemikhali ngokweseluleko somlando kuleli khasi. Kumkhiqizo ngamunye othize, ilebula yawo yamanje, ishidi ledatha yezokuphepha, imiyalelo yomkhiqizi, ukuhambisana ne-substrate, umoya omncane kanye nokukhipha, ukuvikelwa kwesikhumba, amehlo nezitho zokuphefumula, izinyathelo zokuvimbela umlilo kanye nokulahlwa okufanele kwezinsalela. Izinamathiselo nama-sealant ezakhiwo ezithwala umthwalo, izimoto, izinto zikagesi nezegesi, amapayipi nezinhlelo zokucindezela, amanzi okuphuza, ukuthintana nokudla, izindawo zasemanzini noma ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile zokuphepha zidinga uhlelo oluvunyiwe oluzinikele kanye nokuhlola okuphrofeshinali.
Amaglue, ama-sealant, izinyibilikisi nezinto zokugcoba aziyona ingxenye yokunikezwayo okusha komphakathi kwe-Savo Kusić. Ukugxila kwamanje amafasitela ezingodo, amafasitela okhuni-aluminium, amawindi angokwezifiso kanye neminyango. Ngewindi elithile noma iphrojekthi yomnyango, ungathumela isicelo sekhwothi.
Izinamathiselo
Amaglue asetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izinto eziqinile naphakade ezenziwe ngezinto ezifanayo noma ezihlukile. Ukuze ukujoyina kwenzeke, kuyadingeka ukuthi i-glue ibambelele kahle kuzo zombili izindawo, ukuthi i-glue ayikhuni kusenesikhathi ngesikhathi sokujoyina, nokuthi ngemva kokumisa igcina isibopho esiqinile ngezinto, zingaba lukhuni noma ziguquguquke. Ngakho-ke kungacatshangwa ukuthi ingcina esebenza ohlotsheni oluthile lwezinto ingase ingasebenzi kahle kolunye. Inkinga iyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu uma udinga ukuhlanganisa izinto ezinezinto ezibonakalayo ezihluke kakhulu, njengensimbi nerabha noma irabha nengilazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo lapho izinto eziphuphuthekile zizotholakala khona nazo zibalulekile. Uma ingaphandle, ingcina kufanele ingamelani nesimo sezulu. Uma izinto zizovezwa ekushiseni, ingcina kufanele imelane nokushisa, nokunye.
Ekuqaleni, izingcina zazitholwa kuphela ngokubilisa isikhumba namathambo ezilwane, noma ngejusi yezinye izitshalo. Ama-Adhesives alolu hlobo asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukunamathisela izinto ezinama-porous, njengephepha, amakhadibhodi, izinkuni nezinye. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, ngaphansi kwethonya locwaningo oluhlobene namaphrojekthi asemkhathini, izinamatheliso ezintsha, zokwenziwa zenziwe zaphelela, ezishintsha kancane kancane izinamatheliso zendabuko ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okukhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo zokunamathela zinezici ezinhle zokunamathela nezici zokumelana kangangokuthi zingajoyina kalula izinto eziqinile nezihlangene njengensimbi, ngakho ngezinye izikhathi zisetshenziswa njengenye indlela yokushisela. Abakhiqizi banikeza lezi zinamathiselo amagama ahlukahlukene abonisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo okuthile. Uma ungabaza, lapho ukhetha, kungcono ukubuza umdayisi futhi uchaze kahle ukuthi yiziphi izinto esifuna ukuzinamathisela. Kufanele sigcine izinhlobo eziningana ezihlukene zamaglue endlini futhi ngokunokwenzeka sandise ububanzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho. Kungcono ukwazi ukusetshenziswa kwezinamatheliso ezinhlanu nesithupha kunokuthenga ingcina eyodwa ngemva kwenye ngokusekelwe kweminye imiyalelo evamile. Ukuhlaziywa okunembe kakhudlwana kwezinamatheliso ezitholakala ngokuthengiswa kungadlulela ngalé kobubanzi balo mbhalo. Kungakho sizonamathela ekubukeni kafushane kwemibandela yokukhetha, ukuqashelwa, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke ukusetshenziswa nokusetshenziswa kwezinamathiselo.
Izinamathiselo ezibuthakathaka
Iqembu lokuqala lihlanganisa izinto ezinamathelayo ezibuthakathaka, cishe ezihlala ziyimifino, ezifanele izinto ezithile ezimuncayo, kodwa ezibuthakathaka kakhulu ekuxhumekeni okuqinile. Ngephepha lokunamathisela nekhadibhodi, amaglue amhlophe ajwayelekile esingawathola kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezincwadi mahle impela. Okufanayo kusebenza kuma-adhesive e-liquid njenge-gum nezinye. I-Fish glue, esivele ilungiselelwe ngamashubhu, esiyibiza ngokuthi amahlumela ezinhlanzi, ibuye ifanele iphepha lokunamathisela, amakhadibhodi, isikhumba, indwangu kanye nezinkuni, ngakho noma nini lapho uxhumano oluqinile olukhethekile lungadingeki. Iqina kancane futhi isuswa kalula ngamanzi.
Leli qembu lezinto ezinamathelayo kufanele futhi lifake lezo ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-universal adhesive. Akhiqizwa kusuka ku-cellulose-based synthetic resins, ancibilikiswe kuzincibilikisi ezihwamuka ngokushesha. Zingabonwa ngephunga elithile elifana nelopholishi lezinzipho. Ziqina ngokushesha, zimelana namanzi, amakhemikhali amaningi kanye nokuguga. Kodwa-ke, banokuphikiswa okubuthakathaka kwemishini, okungafaki ifenisha ye-gluing noma imishini namadivayisi asetshenziswa nsuku zonke. Ukubamba okungcono kakhulu kutholakala ngokusebenzisa isendlalelo esiphindwe kabili, kuzo zombili izindawo. Futhi, i-glue yephepha lodonga yenziwa ngesisekelo se-cellulose. Kuyinto eyimpuphu esiyincibilikisa emanzini abandayo ngokushesha ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Ingxube ingaphezulu noma incane, okuncike ohlotsheni lwephepha lodonga. Ngokungezwa kwe-gypsum powder, izindlela ezifanayo zisetshenziselwa ukwenza i-putty odongeni.
Isibonelo seglue yendawo yonke kusukela ngesikhathi sokushicilelwa kwesihloko
Izinamatheliso zokubaza
Izinhlobo ezintathu zeglue zisetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ekubazeni: iglue esekelwe ku-casein (iphrotheni ebisini), “ingcina eqinile” - i-putty - ne-polyvinyl glue. I-Casein glue inenzuzo yokuthi ishibhile futhi yenza isibopho esiqinile, nakuba ingamelani namanzi. Ngokuvamile kuthengiswa njengempushana egcinwa ezitsheni ezimiswe kahle, ukuze umswakama noma amanzi angangeni. Siyilungiselela ngokufaka okuqukethwe ebhakedeni lepulasitiki, bese wengeza amanzi amancane, sixuba ingxube »ilitha elilodwa nengxenye kuya kilogram yeglue«. Ngemva kokuba sivumele ingxube iphumule cishe imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu, engeza inani elifanayo lamanzi. Uma inani lamanzi asetshenzisiwe lilincane, iglue esekwe nge-casin ingasetshenziselwa ukunamathelisa isikhumba, i-linoleum, imabula, nezingcwecwe zensimbi okhunini. Uma isilungisiwe, ingxube kumele isetshenziswe phakathi namahora ambalwa ngoba iqina ngokushesha. Ingcina eqinile, i-tutkalo isuselwa ezinsaleni zezilwane futhi ithengiswa ngamathayili aphuzi noma ubuhlalu obuncibilika kalula. Ngaphambi kwamaglue okwenziwa, kwakukhona iglue yababazi yakudala. Namuhla, isetshenziswa kancane kancane ngenxa yephunga elibi nokulungiswa okude, ngokuvamile kuphela phakathi nemisebenzi ekhethekile njengokubuyiselwa kwefenisha endala. Siyilungisa ngokuvumela amathayili noma ubuhlalu bukhukhumale emanzini afudumele (ikhilogremu elilodwa leglue kumakhilogremu amabili kuya kwamathathu amanzi) usuku olulodwa bese sikushiya ukuze kuncibilike ngokuwufudumeza esitsheni esicwiliswe emanzini afudumele. Phakathi naso sonke lesi sikhathi, sishukumisa ingxube ngokhuni, sisusa igwebu elivela phezulu. Uma ingxube ishubile kakhulu, sizofaka amanzi ashisayo. Lapho isipholile, le ngcina iyaqina kodwa ingasetshenziswa kabusha ngokufudumeza noma ukwengeza amanzi.
Izinamathiselo ze-Polyvinyl zinenzuzo yokuthi zingahlala zilungele ukusetshenziswa izinyanga eziningi kumaphakheji ahlinzekwa ngawo. Lezi yizinto ezihlakazayo izithako zazo eziyisisekelo zingamabhulashi amancane e-polyvinyl acid ancibilike emanzini kanye nokwengezwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-resin. Iglue iqala ukusetha lapho, ngenxa yokuhwamuka kwamanzi, izinhlayiya zinamathelana ukuze zenze ifilimu eyodwa. Ukomisa ngokuphelele kudinga cishe ihora elingu-24. Ama-adhesives alolu hlobo athengiswa ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukahlukene okuhweba futhi afaneleka ukunamathisela ukhuni okhunini, amabhodi epulasitiki, imizwa, kanye nerabha okhunini. Ngazo, ukuba khona kwama-polyvinyl resins kuvame ukuphawulwa ephaketheni, kuyilapho ezinye izithako zishiywa, njengemfihlo yefekthri.
Amaglue okubaza esiwashilo kuze kube manje afaneleka kuphela endlini ngoba umthelela womkhathi kanye nelanga kunciphisa ukubanjwa kwalezi glu. Ezintweni zokunamathisela ezizobe zime ngaphandle, endaweni emanzi noma emanzini, kufanele sisebenzise iglue lapho ukunamathela kuwumphumela wokusabela kwamakhemikhali futhi amelana namanzi, ama-hydrocarbon nezinye izincibilikisi. Izinamatheliso ezisuselwe ku-urea-formaldehyde (izinto ezinamathelayo ezinezingxenye ezimbili ezihlinzekwa ngama-pastes noma impushana) noma i-phenol-formaldehyde lukhuni ngokufudumeza futhi zisetshenziswa kuphela ekukhiqizweni kwefekthri. Izinamathiselo ezisuselwe ku-resorcinol-formaldehyde ziyaqina ngisho nalapho kubanda, ngokwengezwa kwe-catalyst, futhi zinokumelana okuhle komshini ngisho nalapho izinto zokunamathisela ezinobukhulu obukhulu. Okokuqala, zinconywa ngezinto zokunamathisela ezenziwe ngepulasitiki nenjoloba.
Izincazelo zomlando ze-formaldehyde nezinye izinhlelo ezisebenzayo azisona isisekelo esanele sokukhethwa noma ukulungiswa kokunamathelayo. Ungaxubani, ushisise noma ufake imikhiqizo enjalo ngaphandle kwemibhalo yomkhiqizi wamanje, izilawuli zokuchayeka ezimbonini ezifanele kanye nokuhlola kochwepheshe kokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe.
Izinamathelisi ezincibilikayo zokwenziwa
Phakathi kwezinamathelisi zokwenziwa ze-solvent ezinezinjongo eziningi, ezidume kakhulu yilezo ezibizwa ngokuthi zithintana noma izinamathiselo “ezisheshayo”. Zibizwa kanjalo ngoba zibambelela ngokuqinile ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlangana kwezinto ezimbili, futhi ukulungiswa okulandelayo endaweni yezinto ezinamathiselwe akunakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, imayelana nemikhiqizo enamakhono aqinile okunamathela enanini elikhulu lezinto, kufaka phakathi izinto zokwenziwa nezinsimbi. Sisebenzisa i-glue nge-spatula kuzo zombili izindawo, esizihlanganisayo bese sicindezela kahle komunye nomunye, kodwa kuphela ngemva kokuvumela inani elithile le-solvent liqhume isikhathi esifushane. Zifanele ukunamathiswa ngokhuni noma nge-plaster isembozo sezindawo ezinkulu. Ziyasebenza futhi ezindaweni eziswakeme ngokumaphakathi, kodwa azisebenzi kahle emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ngakho-ke, kufanele sinamathisele emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nendawo (ubuncane 15°C). Uma inqubo yokwelapha isiqediwe, into ehlanganisiwe iyakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kuno-100 kanye no-150°C.
Amazinga okushisa, isikhathi sokuphulukisa nokumelana okushiwo kumbhalo wengobo yomlando akukhona ukucaciswa kwemikhiqizo yanamuhla. Sebenzisa kuphela amanani asuka kulebula yamanje kanye neshidi ledatha lomkhiqizo okhethiwe futhi uqinisekise ukungena komoya, ukuvikeleka emazingeni omoya kanye nebanga lemithombo yokuthungela.
Izinamathiselo ze-epoxy
Amalunga aqine kakhulu atholakala ngamaglues e-epoxy ezingxenye ezimbili. Ezitolo, singazithola ngaphansi kwamagama ahlukahlukene, okuthi, njengomthetho, afana nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali “epoxy”, “epoxy”. Zivame ukupakishwa ngamashubhu amabili, enye ene-resin futhi enye ene-hardener, futhi ithengiswa ngezinguqulo eziningana: ezicacile, ezimhlophe, ezinombala wensimbi, njalonjalo. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lezi zingxenye ezimbili, kufanele sizixube futhi sisebenzise ingxube ephumela endaweni encane phezu kwezindawo zombili (uma kungenzeka i-rough encane) futhi sivumele i-glue iphumule kancane ngaphambi kokujoyina. Ukuqina kokuqala kuqedwa phakathi kwamahora amabili kuya kwayisithupha, kanti okwesibili kakade ngokusho kohlobo lweglue. Okokugcina, ukuqina kokugcina, 8 ukuya ku-24 amahora ayadingeka. Ngalesi sikhathi, sigcina izindawo ezingaphezulu zixhumeke ngokuqinile, kodwa hhayi kakhulu. Inqubo yamakhemikhali ebangela ukuqina ayikwazi ukuqala emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-15°C, kodwa ingasheshiswa ngokushisa okuncane. Uma isiqinile, ingcina imelana nomswakama wesikhathi eside, izincibilikisi, ama-asidi kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu. I-epoxy glues ayisebenzi nje kuphela ngokhuni, kodwa futhi nenani elikhulu lezinto ezibonakalayo, ngisho nezinzima kakhulu, njengetshe, imabula, i-ceramics, ingilazi, izinsimbi kanye namaplastiki angangeni ukushisa nabanye.
Lezi zinto ezinamathelayo zithola izici ezikhethekile lapho ezinye izinhlaka zokwenziwa zengezwa kuzo. Ngakho, ingcina ye-epoxy-phenolic imelana namazinga okushisa afika ku-250°C; Okunamathelayo kwe-epoxy-silicone kunokumelana okuphansi kokusebenza, kodwa amelana nezinga lokushisa elingu-300 noma 350 degrees Celsius. I-Epoxy - izinto ezinamathelayo ze-polyamide zinikeza ukuxhumana okuqine kakhulu kodwa ukumelana kancane lapho kujoyina izinto eziqinile kunalapho kuhlanganisa izinto eziguqukayo.
Uma izindawo zokubopha zilungiswe kahle, kutholakala imiphumela emangalisayo: ezimweni eziningi, le glue ingangena esikhundleni sokushisela. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ekwakhiweni kwe-aeronautical, izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zezingxenye, ngisho noma ziyingxenye yezakhiwo ezisekelayo, zihlanganiswe nama-adhesives, iningi lawo li-epoxy adhesives.
Izitatimende zangaphambilini zomlando mayelana nokushintshwa kwe-welding kanye nezakhiwo ezisekelayo akuzona izincomo zedizayini. Isibopho sesakhiwo sidinga izinto ezichazwe kahle, ukulungiswa kwendawo, ukuphulukiswa okulawulwayo, ukubala, ukuhlola kanye nenqubo egunyaziwe yohlelo oluthile.
Izinamatheliso ze-Cyano-acrylic
Izinamathiselo ze-Cyano-acrylic ngokuqinisekile zifaneleka kakhulu emsebenzini onembile, ukulungiswa okuncane kuzo zonke izinsimbi, engilazini, kwirabha cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zepulasitiki (ngaphandle kwe-polyethylene nezinsalela ezithile ze-acrylic). Uma kukhulunywa ngezinto zokunamathisela zalolu hlobo, iglue ye-cyano-acrylic inokunamathela okukhethekile futhi isebenza ngamanani amancane: iconsi elilodwa lanele indawo engu-6 yamasentimitha ayizikwele. Yingakho ithengiswa ngamaphakheji amancane, kodwa intengo iphakeme kakhulu. Uma kungenjalo, uma igcinwe ekamelweni lokushisa i-glue ihlala cishe unyaka. Uma sikushiya emoyeni omusha, ukuqina kwawo akunamingcele. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo, ama-adhesive e-cyano-acrylic asetshenziselwa ukunamathisela izinto ezibalulekile ebucwebeni, ngemiphumela evelele. Ukucaca okuphelele kanye nenkomba ye-refraction, elingana nengilazi, iyenza ingcina engenakushintshwa yokubuyisela izinto zekristalu eziphukile esimweni sazo sokuqala. Enye inzuzo enayo, uma kuziwa ekungeneleleni ezindaweni ezincane, kuhlanganisa isivinini se-gluing, cishe ngokushesha: ngale gluing, ama-gluings amaningana angenziwa ngokushesha, enye ngemva kwenye into efanayo.
Izinamathiselo ezimiswa ngokushesha zingabopha ngokushesha isikhumba futhi zifake engozini amehlo nezitho zokuphefumula. Ungawasondezi ebusweni bakho, ungawasebenzisi ngaphandle kweziyalezo zamanje futhi uwagcine kude nezingane; esimweni sokuchayeka, yenza ngokuvumelana nelebula futhi ngokushesha ufune usizo olufanele lochwepheshe.
Izinamathiselo ezikhethekile
Ekugcineni kukhona uchungechunge lonke lwemikhiqizo ekhethekile eklanyelwe ukuxazulula izinkinga ezikhethekile zokuhlanganisa. Phakathi kwalokhu sikhumbula izixazululo zenjoloba kuma-organic solvents, izixazululo ezilula noma ezinezengezo zama-resin zokwenziwa, ezisetshenziselwa izingxenye zokunamathisela ezenziwe ngerabha, ipulasitiki noma ipulasitiki eguquguqukayo (i-polyethylene, inayiloni, iTeflon nabanye). Enguqulweni yezinamathiselo ezihlangene, ziyaqina ngokushesha futhi zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa amashubhu angaphakathi njengoba amelana nokugoba namanzi. Ama-Adhesives alolu hlobo nawo afaneleka ukunamathisela izinto ze-acrylic (plexiglass), njengenye indlela yezixazululo ze-acrylic resin.
Omunye umkhiqizo usivumela ukuthi silungise izindwangu ezizizwayo, zewuli, i-hemp nokotini. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukujoyina ama-hems ngaphandle kokuthunga noma ukunamathela abanye ezindaweni ezigqokile zendwangu njengokuqiniswa. Ukulungisa okunjalo kumelana nokuwashwa noku-ayina. Ngisho nokulungisa i-polystyrene ngokhuni, amakhadibhodi, izinsimbi zensimbi noma i-ceramics, kukhona i-glue ekhethekile. Kukhona futhi ingcina yokunamathisela amashidi e-PVC (i-polyvinyl chloride). I-silicone glue isetshenziselwa ukujoyina izibuko, ezinwebeka kakhulu futhi ezikwazi ukumelana nokucindezela okukhulu: isetshenziswa, isibonelo, ekwakhiweni kwe-aquarium. Uma sifuna ukubona ungqimba lwesikhashana, singasebenzisa futhi iglue esekelwe enjoloba, ebonakala ngesikhathi sokumisa eside impela. Ngoba ivumela izingxenye ukuthi zihlukaniswe izikhathi eziningi ukuze kulungiswe kahle indawo yazo ehlobene, isetshenziswa kaningi ekushicileleni nasezindlini zezindaba zobuchwepheshe zamaphephandaba. Okubizwa ngokuthi “i-glue ku-tape” kungasetshenziswa futhi ukubopha izinto ezinesisindo esincane ezindongeni eziqondile. I-adhesive tape yobukhulu obuthile, ukubukeka kwayo kufana netiyela, enganamathela kuma-substrates ahlukene. Into esifuna ukuyilungisa icindezelwe kakhulu phezu kwetheyiphu futhi ihlala ibambelele lapho. Ezitolo ezikhethekile, ungathola futhi umkhiqizo okhethekile we-liquid wokunamathela okungcono kwamabhande enjoloba noma esikhumba. Ingasetshenziswa ezimotweni noma ezintweni zikagesi zasendlini.
Izinto ezinamathelayo ezisohlwini “njengezikhethekile” ngakho-ke aziphephile ku-aquarium, imoto, izinto zikagesi, i-polystyrene noma okunye ukusetshenziswa okubucayi. Ukuhambisana okusobala nokugunyazwa komkhiqizi kuyadingeka ezintweni ezithile, umthwalo, izinga lokushisa, umswakama kanye nokuxhumana nezinto eziphilayo.
Imikhomo
Ama-Puts yizinto ezinamathelayo zokuminyana okuhlukahlukene, esizisebenzisela ukugcwalisa nokuqondisa izimbobo noma imifantu futhi ezibophezela ngokuqinile kokusebenza lapho zifakwa khona. Kwezinye izimo, zingase futhi zisetshenziselwe ukugcwalisa amalunga phakathi kwezinto ezihlukene futhi ngaleyo ndlela zibe negalelo ekubambeni okungcono kwelunga.
Ngokujwayelekile, kungashiwo ukuthi ama-putty avame kakhulu atholakala ezintweni ezinamathelayo zangempela lapho izinto ezingasebenzi kahle nezinye izithasiselo zengezwa kuzo. Ngezinye izikhathi, noma kunjalo, i-adhesive ngokwayo ingasebenza njenge-putty, uma siyisebenzisa ezingxenyeni eziqinile. Ngakho-ke, ukucatshangelwa okuyinhloko esikwenzile mayelana nokunamatheliswa kuyasebenza futhi kuyasebenza nakumikhomo.
Ama-putty omdabu, enziwe ngesandla kusetshenziswa uwoyela welineni kanye neglue yombazi eqinile njengesibophezelo, kanye nempushana ye-kaolin njengento engasebenzi, awasasetshenziswa. Uma sifuna ukuhlobisa izimbobo, imifantu kanye nemihuzuko okhunini, singasebenzisa unamathisele okhethekile wokhuni olwenziwe nge-sawdust enhle kakhulu ehlakazekile ku-binder ye-acrylic. Siyisebenzisa ngokuqondile kusuka ku-tube futhi ithatha indawo enhle yemikhiqizo yendabuko ngenxa yokunamathela kwayo okungcono kanye nokuhlala unomphela (okungaguquki). Uma isiqinile, ithola izinto ezibonakalayo ezifana nokhuni futhi ingacutshungulwa ngendlela efanayo nezinkuni. Ngezinye izikhathi, emaphaketheni alokhu kunamathisela, singathola futhi amapensela we-wax esithuthukisa ngawo ngobuhle ukulungisa, ukulingisa imivimbo, izintambo zokhuni.
Futhi ukuqhekeka kwensimbi kungafakwa nezichibi, »kushiselwe« kubanda, kusetshenziswa imikhiqizo efanele. I-Putty esekelwe kuma-acrylic resins nensimbi ne-aluminium powder kuhle ekulungiseni imifantu nezimbobo ezintweni zikagesi zasendlini, ama-radiator, amapayipi nama-gutters. Uma amandla akhethekile nokumelana nokushisa okukhulu kuyadingeka, kungcono ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ewuketshezi noma yokunamathisela esekelwe kuma-epoxy resins. Lapho i-putty iqina, singakwazi isihlabathi, ukubhola, intambo, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo elungiselelwe ibuye ingangeni emanzini, imelana nokugqwala kanye nama-chemical agents avamile.
Ungawalungisi izinto zikagesi noma zegesi, amarediyetha, amapayipi, amathangi noma izingxenye zokucindezela ngokusekelwe kule ncazelo yomlando kuphela. Amasistimu anjalo adinga uphenyo lwembangela yokwehluleka, okokusebenza kanye nenqubo egunyazelwe izinga lokushisa elilungile, ingcindezi nendawo emaphakathi, kanye nokusebenza okufanelekile nokuhlola.
Ngemabula evalayo, usimende, izitsha zobumba noma ipulasitiki engashisi, izingxenye ezimbili ze-epoxy putty zingcono kakhulu. Kulezi zimo, i-putty ifinyelela ukumelana nomthelela onjalo kangangokuthi idlula ngisho nokuphikiswa kwezinto ezimbozwe nge-adhesive mass. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, amapuleti amabili aqhekekile, ahlanganiswe nomkhiqizo we-epoxy, angase aphuke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uma kunesidingo, nganoma isiphi isikhathi ngaphandle kokuhlukana kwangaphambilini.
Izindawo ezicwebezelwe zezitsha zobumba ezihlanzekile, amathayela e-ceramic noma izinto zikagesi zasendlini eziklwejwayo noma eziqhekeke ngengozi ethile zingagcotshwa kalula “ngoqweqwe lwazo olumhlophe” - ulwelwesi olumhlophe olunamathelayo - ngamanani amancane. Kungumkhiqizo othi, ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo zamakhemikhali, unamathela ngokuphelele ezindaweni ezibushelelezi neziqinile, uhlala ungathinteki emanzini nokushisa, futhi awuphuzi.
Ukuze kulungiswe izinto zenjoloba nezindawo, kukhona amarabha okwenziwa kumashubhu, umbala omnyama futhi asesimweni sokunamathisela. Asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlanjululwe nezincishisiwe, ezigawulwe ngaphambilini nge-sandpaper. Ngemuva kokuqina, unamathisele ugcina ukuguquguquka kwawo. Njengoba inamathela ezindaweni zanoma yikuphi ukuma, ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ukuvikela izibambo nezibambo zamathuluzi nezitsha.
Okwezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho kudingeka khona ukunwebeka okuthile, njengokuthi, isibonelo, lapho sigcwalisa imifantu phakathi kwezinto ezakhelwe ngaphakathi odongeni kanye nodonga ngokwalo, noma amalunga amapayipi, kufanele siphendukele ekusebenziseni ama-silicone sealant. Lezi yimikhiqizo esesimweni sokunamathisela okuthi, ngenxa yesenzo somoya, ithola ngokushesha futhi igcine unomphela ukuminyana kwenjoloba. Ukupakishwa kokusetshenziswa kwasendlini kuvumela umkhiqizo ukuthi usetshenziswe kalula emugqeni oqhubekayo wobukhulu obufunekayo.
Izincibilikisi
Ngegama elithi isincibilikisi sisho izinto ezingancibilikisa ezinye. Imboni yamakhemikhali igxile kakhulu kulo mkhakha wocwaningo. Ngokweqile, kungashiwo ukuthi yonke into noma ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kune-solvent yayo, okungaba, kusukela kokunye okudlulele kuya kokunye, amanzi noma ingxube eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yemikhiqizo yemvelo noma yokwenziwa. Kubalulekile kithi ukwazi ukuthi singakhetha kanjani izinyibilikisi ezifanele zezinto esizisebenzisa kakhulu: izacile zazo zonke izinhlobo zikapende, izikhiphi zokuvanisha, izithambisa zazo zonke izinhlobo zokunamathela, njll.
Ngokusetshenziswa okuvamile, njengokukhipha amafutha nokuhlanza, kufanele sigcine izincibilikisi ezinenhloso eziningi endlini ezingenaso isikhathi esinqunyelwe. I-ethyl alcohol evutha kakhulu futhi enobuthi, esingayithola (engenambala) noma isincibilikisi samafutha enziwe nge-denatured (umbala obomvu), inani elikhulu lamaglue emvelo nawokwenziwa kanye namavarnish athile.
I-Ganzine, i-solvent engenambala futhi enobuthi, sizoyisebenzisa ngokucophelela futhi siyigcine endaweni engenawo umoya, kude nanoma yimuphi umthombo wokushisa, ngoba akukhona nje uketshezi oluvutha umlilo, kodwa futhi nezihwamuko zalo. Uphethiloli uyisisombululo esihle kakhulu sopende, itiyela, amabala kawoyela. Iphinde incibilikise zonke izinto ezinamathelayo ezisuselwe kwirabha.
I-Trielin igama lohwebo le-trichlorethylene - ikhemikhali enobuthi esiyisebenzisela ukuncibilikisa ugrisi namafutha futhi ingangena esikhundleni sikaphethiloli ekuhlanzeni indawo. Njengazo zonke izincibilikisi ze-chloride, iyasebenza kurabha nokuphuma kwayo.
I-Amoniya iwuketshezi olunoshevu futhi olugqwalayo olunephunga elinamandla. Kuthengiswa kakhulu noma kugxilwe kancane: ukugxila okunamandla kakhulu kuncibilikisa ama-varnish. Kuyi-ejenti yokuhlanza enhle kakhulu, ngoba iguqula amafutha abe amanzi anensipho futhi icolise ngokuphelele izinhlobonhlobo zezinto.
I-Turpentine iwuketshezi oluvutha kakhulu okufanele silugcine ebhodleleni elimiswe kahle noma ibhokisi likathayela, nasegunjini elingenisa umoya. Ngokuyinhloko siyisebenzisela ukunciphisa ama-varnish kanye nezinto ezisekelwe ku-wax noma irabha kanye nokukhipha amabala kulezi zinto.
I-acetone, uketshezi oluvuthayo noluguquguquka kalula, lusebenza kuma-lacquers asekelwe ku-nitrocellulose nakuyo yonke imikhiqizo ye-cellulosic, okuhlanganisa nokunamathelayo. Incibilikisa cishe zonke izinto ezinamathelayo zokwenziwa ze-thermoplastic.
Iseluleko esingokomlando sokugcina izincibilikisi endlini akufanele silandelwe. Ungasebenzisi uphethiloli, i-trichlorethylene, i-ammonia, i-turpentine, i-acetone nezinto ezifanayo ukuze uhlanze noma ukhiphe amafutha ngaphandle kokuhlola imikhawulo yamanje, ishidi ledatha yokuphepha, ukungena komoya okufanele nokuvikela; ungakutheli emaphaketheni angaphawuliwe noma ekudleni futhi ukugcine kude namalangabi, izinhlansi, ukushisa kanye nabantu abangagunyaziwe.
Izibonelo zamaphakheji azacile kusukela ngesikhathi i-athikili ishicilelwa
Amafutha
I-lube ethile izohlala iwusizo. Ibhodlela elilodwa noma ikani lokugcobisa uwoyela okungajwayelekile lingaba wusizo ezikhathini eziningi: ukugcoba umshini wokuthunga, amahinge aklokozayo, ama-bearings ethusi “azigcobayo” anezimbotshana kwezinye izinto zikagesi zasendlini, nokunye okunjalo. Uma sixuba amanzi namafutha (cishe amafutha angu-15%), sithola isipholile esingcono kakhulu sokumba insimbi.
Vaseline ubalulekile ekugcobiseni ngemva kokuhlanza ompompi babasebenzisi begesi, futhi singawugcoba endlini kumahinge, izinsimbi, izingidi namabhawudi.
Ungahlanzi, ungagcobisi noma uhlakaze ompompi noma ezinye izingxenye zabasebenzisi begesi ngokwalesi sitatimende sengobo yomlando. Isevisi yezinto zikagesi zegesi, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokugcoba ezihambisanayo, ukuhlola ukuvuza nokuphinda kuthunyelwe kungokwesevisi efanelekayo.
Ibhokisi elilodwa lagrisi elikhethekile lama-ball bearings lizodingeka ukuze kugcotshwe lawa mabheringi kumamotho kagesi wevacuum cleaners, amaphampu e-sump, njll.
Amanye amagrisi ajwayelekile angaba wusizo ekucijeni, ukulola okwenziwa mathupha amashizolo nemimese ye-planer ku-whetstone. Ngengxube yaleli grisi namafutha, sizokwazi ukuhambisa imigoqo yokuslayida emnyango ngaphandle komzamo noma ukugubha. Ngamafutha ngokwawo, sizophinda sigcobe amahinge amakhulu kuma-blind (shuckers) avuleka ngaphandle, amasango angaphandle egceke, igaraji, njll.