Impilo eBalulekileyo, uMlilo noKhuseleko Qaphela: Lo ngumbhalo ogciniweyo osuka 2018. unyaka, kwaye ingengomyalelo wale mihla wokukhetha, ukuxuba, ukugcinwa okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-adhesives, sealants, solvents kunye ne-lubricant. Iimveliso ezichazwe zisenokuqulatha izithako ezinokutsha, eziyityhefu, ezidlekayo, ezicaphukisayo okanye ezisebenzayo kwaye zinokukhupha imisi eyingozi. Musa ukugcina okanye ukusebenzisa ipetroli, trichlorethylene, ammonia, turpentine, acetone, formaldehyde systems, okanye ezinye iikhemikhali ngokweengcebiso zembali kweli phepha. Kwimveliso nganye ethile, ilebula yayo yangoku, ishidi ledatha yokhuseleko, imiyalelo yomenzi, ukuhambelana ne-substrate, i-ventilation kunye ne-extraction, ukukhuselwa kwesikhumba, amehlo kunye nezitho zokuphefumula, amanyathelo okukhusela umlilo kunye nokulahlwa ngokufanelekileyo kweentsalela zifanelekile. Izinto ezincamathelayo kunye nezitywini zezakhiwo ezithwala imithwalo, izithuthi, izixhobo zombane nezerhasi, imibhobho kunye neenkqubo zoxinzelelo, amanzi okusela, uqhagamshelwano lokutya, iiaquariums okanye ezinye izicelo ezibalulekileyo zokhuseleko zifuna inkqubo ezinikeleyo evunyiweyo kunye novavanyo lobungcali.
Iiglu, izitywini, izinyibilikisi kunye nezinto zokuthambisa aziyonxalenye yonikezelo olutsha luka-Savo Kusić. Ugxininiso lwangoku ziifestile zamaplanga, iifestile zomthi-aluminiyam, iifestile zesiqhelo kunye neengcango. Ngefestile ethile okanye iprojekthi yocango, ungathumela isicelo sesicatshulwa.
Izinto zokuncamathelisa
Iiglu zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa ngokunyanisekileyo nangokusisigxina izinto ezenziwe ngezinto ezifanayo okanye ezahlukeneyo. Ukuze ukudibanisa kwenzeke, kuyimfuneko ukuba i-glue ibambelele kakuhle kuzo zombini iindawo, ukuba iglue ayiqini ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokudibanisa, kwaye emva kokumisa igcina i-bond eqinile kunye nezinto, zibe ziqinile okanye ziguquguquke. Ngoko ke kunokuchazwa ukuba i-adhesive esebenzayo kuhlobo oluthile lwezinto eziphathekayo ayinakusebenza kwenye. Ingxaki inzima ngakumbi xa ufuna ukudibanisa izinto ezinezinto ezibonakalayo ezihluke kakhulu, ezifana nentsimbi kunye nerabha okanye irabha kunye neglasi. Ukongezelela, iimeko apho izinto ezingaboniyo ziya kufumaneka nazo zibalulekile. Ukuba ingaphandle, i-adhesive kufuneka ikhuseleke kwimozulu. Ukuba izinto ziza kuboniswa kubushushu, iglu kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana nobushushu, njalo njalo.
Kuqala, iiglu zafunyanwa kuphela ngokubilisa ulusu kunye namathambo ezilwanyana, okanye kwincindi yezinye izityalo. I-Adhesives yolu hlobo isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa izinto ezinobungozi, ezifana nephepha, ikhadibhodi, umthi kunye nabanye. Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, phantsi kwempembelelo yophando olunxulumene neeprojekthi zasemajukujukwini, izinto ezintsha zokuncamathelisa ezenziweyo zenziwe zagqibelela, ezithatha indawo kancinane izinto zokuncamathelisa zemveli ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okukhulu. Ezinye iintlobo zokuncamathelisa zineempawu ezintle zokuncamathela kunye nokuxhathisa kangangokuba zikwazi ukujoyina ngokulula izinto eziqinileyo nezixineneyo njengentsimbi, ngoko ke ngamanye amaxesha zisetyenziswa njengenye indlela yokuwelda. Abavelisi banika ezi zincamathelisi amagama ahlukeneyo abonisa usetyenziso oluthile. Kwimeko yokuthandabuza, xa ukhetha, kungcono ukubuza umthengisi kwaye uchaze ngokuthe ngqo ukuba zeziphi izinto esifuna ukuzincamathelisa. Kufuneka sigcine iindidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zeglue endlwini kwaye mhlawumbi sandise uluhlu kamva ngokusekelwe kumava. Kungcono ukwazi ukusetyenziswa kwe-adhesives ezintlanu-ezintandathu kakuhle kunokuthenga i-adhesive enye emva kwenye ngokusekelwe kwimiyalelo eqhelekileyo. Uhlalutyo oluchane ngakumbi lwezinto zokuncamathelisa ezifumanekayo ezithengiswayo beziya kudlulela ngaphaya komxholo walo mbhalo. Yiyo loo nto siza kubambelela kumbono omfutshane wekhrayitheriya yokukhetha, ukuqatshelwa, kwaye ngaphezu kwakho konke ukusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-adhesives.
Izinto zokuncamathelisa ezibuthathaka
Iqela lokuqala libandakanya ukunamathiswa okubuthathaka, phantse rhoqo imvelaphi yemifuno, efanelekileyo kwezinye izinto ezithathayo, kodwa ezibuthathaka kakhulu ukudibanisa okuqinileyo. Kwiphepha lokuncamathelisa kunye nekhadibhodi, iiglues ezimhlophe eziqhelekileyo esinokuzifumana kuyo nayiphi na ivenkile yeencwadi zilungile. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo nakwizinto zokuncamathelisa ulwelo ezifana nentlaka kunye nezinye. Iglue yeentlanzi, esele ilungiselelwe kwiibhubhu, esizibiza ngokuba zihluma zeentlanzi, nazo zifanelekile kwi-gluing paper, ikhadibhodi, isikhumba, ilaphu kunye neenkuni, ngoko ke xa uxhulumaniso olukhethekileyo oluluqilima alufunwa. Iyaqina kancinci kwaye isuswa lula ngamanzi.
Eli qela lezinto zokuncamathelisa kufuneka liquke ezo ziqhele ukubizwa ngokuba zii-adhesives jikelele. Ziveliswa kwi-cellulose-based synthetic resins, inyibilikiswe kwi-solvents ephuma ngokukhawuleza. Ziyakwazi ukuqatshelwa ngephunga elithile elifana nelo le-nail polish. Ziqina ngokukhawuleza, zixhathisa amanzi, ezininzi iikhemikhali kunye nokuguga. Nangona kunjalo, banobuxhakaxhaka bemishini ebuthathaka, engabandakanyi ifenitshala yegluing okanye izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa imihla ngemihla. Eyona nto ingcono ifunyenwe ngokufaka i-double layer, kwiindawo zombini. Kwakhona, i-glue yephepha lodonga yenziwe ngesiseko se-cellulose. Yinto engumgubo esiyinyibilikisa emanzini abandayo kwangoko phambi kokusetyenziswa. Umxube ungaphezulu okanye uncinci, oxhomekeke kuhlobo lwephepha lodonga. Ngokudibanisa i-gypsum powder, iindlela ezifanayo zisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-putty eludongeni.
Umzekelo weglue jikelele ukususela ngexesha lokupapashwa kwenqaku
Izinto zokuchwela
Iintlobo ezintathu zeglue zisetyenziselwa ukuchwela: iglue esekelwe kwi-casein (iprotheni ebisi), “iglue eyomeleleyo” - i-putty - kunye neeglues ze-polyvinyl. I-Casein glue ine-advanteji yexabiso eliphantsi kunye nokwenza ibhondi eyomeleleyo, nangona inganyangeki emanzini. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthengiswa njengomgubo ogcinwe kwiibhotile ezimiswe kakuhle, ukwenzela ukuba umswakama okanye amanzi angangeni. Siyilungiselela ngokubeka iziqulatho kwibhakethi yeplastiki, kwaye ungeze amanzi amancinci, sixuba umxube »ilitha enye nesiqingatha ukuya kwikhilogram yeglue«. Emva kokuba sivumele umxube ukuba uphumle malunga nemizuzu elishumi elinesihlanu, yongeza umlinganiselo ofanayo wamanzi. Ukuba ubungakanani bamanzi asetyenzisiweyo buncinci, iglue esekwe kwi-casin ingasetyenziselwa ukuncamathelisa ngesikhumba, i-linoleum, ibhastile, kunye neepleyiti zentsimbi kumthi. Xa sele ulungisiwe, umxube kufuneka usetyenziswe kwiiyure ezimbalwa kuba uqina ngokukhawuleza. Iglu eyomeleleyo, itutkalo iphuma kwintsalela yezilwanyana kwaye ithengiswa kwiithayile ezityheli okanye amaso anyibilika lula. Phambi kweeglu zokwenziwa, kwakukho iglu yakudala yokuchwela. Kule mihla, isetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngenxa yevumba elibi kunye nokulungiswa okude, ngokuqhelekileyo kuphela ngexesha lemisebenzi ekhethekileyo efana nokubuyiselwa kwefenitshala endala. Siyilungiselela ngokuvumela iithayile okanye amaso adumbe emanzini adikidiki (ikhilogram enye yeglu kwiikhilogram ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu zamanzi) usuku olunye size siyishiye ukuba inyibilike ngakumbi ngokuyifudumeza kwisitya esintywiliselwa emanzini ashushu. Ngalo lonke eli xesha, sivuselela umxube kunye nesiqwenga somthi, sisuse i-foam eyenza phezulu. Ukuba umxube unzima kakhulu, siya kongeza amanzi ashushu. Xa ipholile, le glu iyaqina kodwa inokuphinda isetyenziswe ngokufudumeza okanye ngokugalela amanzi.
Ii-Polyvinyl adhesives zinenzuzo yokuba zinokuhlala zilungele ukusetyenziswa iinyanga kwiiphakheji ezinikezelwa kuzo. Ezi zizinto ezisasazekayo ezinezithako ezisisiseko eziziibhrashi ezincinci ze-polyvinyl acids ezichithwe emanzini kunye nokongezwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeerasi. Iglue iqala ukuseta xa, ngenxa yokuphuphuma kwamanzi, amasuntswana anamathelana ukuze enze ifilimu enye. Ukomisa ngokupheleleyo kufuna malunga neyure 24. Izincamathelisi zolu hlobo zithengiswa phantsi kwamagama ahlukeneyo orhwebo kwaye zifanelekile ukuncamathelisa iinkuni emthini, iibhodi zeplastiki, imvakalelo, kunye nerabha emthini. Ngabo, ubukho be-polyvinyl resins budla ngokuphawulwa kwipakethe, ngelixa ezinye izithako zishiywe, njengemfihlo yefektri.
Iiglu zokuchwela esizikhankanyileyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku zifanelekile kuphela ngaphakathi endlwini kuba iimpembelelo ze-atmospheric kunye nelanga zenza buthathaka ukubanjwa kwezi glu. Izinto zokuncamathelisa eziza kuma ngaphandle, kwindawo emanzi okanye emanzini, kufuneka sisebenzise iglues apho ukuncamathela kuyisiphumo sokusabela kweekhemikhali kwaye ezichasene namanzi, i-hydrocarbons kunye nezinye i-solvents. I-Adhesives esekelwe kwi-urea-formaldehyde (i-adhesives-component-component enikezelwa kwii-pastes okanye i-powder) okanye i-phenol-formaldehyde lukhuni ngokufudumeza kwaye isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo kuphela kwimveliso yefektri. I-Adhesives esekwe kwi-resorcinol-formaldehyde iyaqina naxa ibanda, kunye nokongezwa kwe-catalyst, kwaye inokumelana nomatshini olungileyo naxa uncamathisela izinto ezinobunzima obukhulu. Okokuqala, zicetyiswa ukuba zidibanise izinto ezenziwe ngeplastiki kunye nerabha.
Iinkcazo zembali ze-formaldehyde kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezisebenzayo azikho isiseko esaneleyo sokukhethwa okanye ukulungiswa kwe-adhesive. Musa ukuxuba, ukutshisa okanye ukusebenzisa iimveliso ezinjalo ngaphandle kwamaxwebhu omenzi wangoku, ulawulo olufanelekileyo lokuvezwa kwimizi-mveliso kunye novavanyo lobuchwephesha losetyenziso olucetywayo.
Izinto zokuncamathelisa zokunyibilikisa ezenziweyo
Phakathi kwe-adhesives yokwenziwa kwe-solvent eneenjongo ezininzi, eyona idumileyo yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-contact okanye “intant” adhesives. Zibizwa njalo ngenxa yokuba zibambelela ngokuqinileyo ngokukhawuleza emva kokudityaniswa kwezinto ezimbini, kwaye izilungiso ezilandelayo kwindawo yezinto ezinamathele azinakwenzeka. Ke ngoko, imalunga neemveliso ezinobuchule obuqinileyo bokuncamathelisa inani elikhulu lezinto, kubandakanya ezinye izinto zokwenziwa kunye neentsimbi. Sifaka i-glue nge-spatula kuzo zombini iindawo, esizidibanisayo kwaye sicinezele kakuhle omnye nomnye, kodwa emva kokuvumela umlinganiselo othile we-solvent ukuba uphuphe ixesha elifutshane. Zikulungele ukuncamathelisa kwiplanga okanye ukugubungela i-plaster yeendawo ezinkulu. Zikwasebenza kakuhle kwindawo efumileyo ephakathi, kodwa azisebenzi kangako kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Ke ngoko, kufuneka sincamathelise kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi (ubuncinci 15°C). Emva kokuba inkqubo yokunyanga igqityiwe, izinto ezidibeneyo ziyakwazi ukumelana namaqondo okushisa aphezulu kune-100 kunye ne-150°C.
Amaqondo obushushu, ixesha lokunyanga kunye nokuxhathisa okuchazwe kwisicatshulwa soovimba ayilubalulo lweemveliso zanamhlanje. Sebenzisa kuphela amaxabiso asuka kwileyibhile yangoku kunye nephepha ledatha lemveliso ekhethiweyo kwaye uqinisekise ukungena komoya, ukukhuselwa kumphunga kunye nomgama ukusuka kwimithombo yokutshisa.
Izinto zokuncamathelisa epoxy
Amalungu anamandla kakhulu afunyenwe ngamacandelo amabini e-epoxy glues. Kwiivenkile, sinokuzifumana phantsi kwamagama ahlukeneyo, ngokuqhelekileyo, afana ne-chemical composition “epoxy”, “epoxy”. Ngokuqhelekileyo zifakwe kwiibhubhu ezimbini, enye ine-resin kunye ne-hardener, kwaye ithengiswa kwiinguqulelo ezininzi: ezicacileyo, ezimhlophe, ezinombala wensimbi, njalo njalo. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa amacandelo amabini, kufuneka siwaxube kwaye sisebenzise umxube obangelwayo kwinqanaba elincinci phezu kweendawo zombini (ukuba kunokwenzeka ukugqithisa kancinci) kwaye uvumele i-glue iphumle kancinci ngaphambi kokujoyina. Ukuqina kokuqala kugqitywe kwiiyure ezimbini ukuya kwezintandathu, kwaye okwesibini sele sele ngokohlobo lweglue. Okokugqibela, ukuqina kokugqibela, 8 ukuya 24 iiyure ziyafuneka. Ngeli xesha, sigcina imiphezulu ixhunyiwe ngokuqinileyo, kodwa ingabi kakhulu. Inkqubo yeekhemikhali ebangela ukuqina ayikwazi ukuqala kumaqondo okushisa angaphantsi kwe-15°C, kodwa inokukhawuleziswa ngokufudumeza okuthambileyo. Nje ukuba lukhuni, into encamathelayo iyakwazi ukumelana nokufuma kwexesha elide, izinyibilikisi, iiasidi kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Iiglues ze-epoxy azisebenzi nje kuphela kwimithi, kodwa nakwinani elikhulu lezinto eziphathekayo, nokuba zinzima kakhulu, njengelitye, i-marble, i-ceramics, iglasi, isinyithi kunye neeplastiki ezichasene nobushushu kunye nabanye.
Ezi zincamathelisi zifumana iimpawu ezikhethekileyo xa ezinye iireyini zokwenziwa zongezwa kuzo. Ngaloo ndlela, iglue epoxy-phenolic iyaxhathisa kumaqondo obushushu ukuya kuthi ga 250°C; i-epoxy-silicone adhesives inokumelana nomatshini ophantsi, kodwa imelana namaqondo obushushu 300 okanye 350 degrees Celsius. I-Epoxy - izinto zokuncamathelisa zepolyamide zinika uqhagamshelo oluluqilima kodwa luxhathise kancinci xa udityaniswa nemathiriyeli eqinileyo kunaxa udibanisa imathiriyeli ebhetyebhetye.
Ukuba iindawo zokudibanisa zilungiswe ngokufanelekileyo, iziphumo ezimangalisayo zifunyenwe: kwiimeko ezininzi, le glue inokutshintsha i-welding. Ungalibali ukuba kulwakhiwo lwe-aeronautical, iikota ezintathu zamacandelo, nokuba ziyinxalenye yezakhiwo ezixhasayo, zidibene ne-adhesives, ininzi yazo i-epoxy adhesives.
Iingxelo zembali zangaphambili malunga nokutshintshwa kwe-welding kunye nezakhiwo ezixhasayo azikho ingcebiso yokuyila. Ukudityaniswa kwesakhiwo kufuna izinto ezichazwe ngokuchanekileyo, ukulungiswa komphezulu, ukunyanga okulawulwayo, ukubala, uvavanyo kunye nenkqubo evunyiweyo yesicelo esithile.
Izincamathelisi zeCyano-acrylic
Izincamathelisi ze-Cyano-acrylic ngokuqinisekileyo zezona zilungele umsebenzi ochanekileyo, ukulungiswa okuncinci kuzo zonke iintsimbi, kwiglasi, kwirabha kwaye phantse zonke iintlobo zeplastiki (ngaphandle kwe-polyethylene kunye ne-acrylic resins ezithile). Xa kuziwa kwizinto zokuncamathelisa zolu hlobo, iglue ye-cyano-acrylic ine-adhesiveness ekhethekileyo kwaye isebenza ngexabiso elincinci: ithontsi enye yanele indawo ye-6 square centimeters. Yingakho kuthengiswa kwiiphakheji ezincinci, kodwa ixabiso liphezulu. Ngaphandle koko, ukuba igcinwe kwindawo yokushisa i-glue ihlala phantse unyaka. Ukuba siyishiya kumoya omtsha, ukuqina kwayo akukho mida. Ngenxa yeempawu zayo, i-cyano-acrylic adhesives isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa izinto ezixabisekileyo kwizinto zokugqoka, kunye neziphumo ezibalaseleyo. Ukungafihli okugqibeleleyo kunye nesalathiso se-refraction, esilingana neglasi, siyenza iglue engenakubuyiselwa ukubuyisela izinto zekristale ezaphukileyo kwimeko yazo yangaphambili. Enye inzuzo enayo, xa kuziwa ekungeneleleni kwiindawo ezincinci, kuqulethwe kwisantya se-gluing, esiphantse ngokukhawuleza: kunye nale gluing, i-gluings emininzi inokwenziwa ngokukhawuleza, enye emva komnye kwinto enye.
Izinto ezincamathelayo zokumisela ngokukhawuleza zinokubopha ulusu ngoko nangoko kwaye zibeke emngciphekweni amehlo kunye nezitho zokuphefumla. Ungazisondezi ebusweni bakho, ungazisebenzisi ngaphandle kwemiyalelo yangoku kwaye uzigcine kude nokufikelela kubantwana; kwimeko yokuvezwa, yenza ngokweleyibhile kwaye ngokukhawuleza ufune uncedo olufanelekileyo lobuchwephesha.
Izinto ezincamathela ezikhethekileyo
Ekugqibeleni kukho uluhlu olupheleleyo lweemveliso ezikhethekileyo ezenzelwe ukusombulula iingxaki ezikhethekileyo zokudibanisa. Phakathi kwezi sikhumbula izisombululo zerabha kwi-solvents ye-organic, izisombululo ezilula okanye ezongeziweyo ze-synthetic resins, ezisetyenziselwa i-gluing iinxalenye ezenziwe ngerabha, iplastiki okanye iplastiki eguquguqukayo (i-polyethylene, i-nylon, i-Teflon kunye nabanye). Kwinguqulelo ye-compact adhesives, ilukhuni ngokukhawuleza kwaye isetyenziselwa ukulungisa iibhubhu zangaphakathi njengoko zixhathisa ukugoba kunye namanzi. I-Adhesives yolu hlobo nayo ifanelekile kwi-gluing acrylic materials (plexiglass), njengenye indlela ye-acrylic resin solutions.
Enye imveliso isivumela ukuba senze ulungiso kumalaphu azivelayo, oboya, ihempe kunye nomqhaphu. Ngaloo ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukuba udibanise i-hems ngaphandle kokuthunga okanye ukunamathela abanye kwiindawo ezigugileyo zendwangu njengokuqiniswa. Ulungiso olunjalo lude luxhathise ukuhlanjwa kunye noku-ayina. Kwanokulungisa i-polystyrene kwimithi, amakhadibhodi, iifoyile zetsimbi okanye i-ceramics, kukho iglue ekhethekileyo. Kukho kwakhona i-adhesive ye-gluing sheets ye-PVC (i-polyvinyl chloride). Iglu ye-silicone isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iiglasi, ezinwebekayo kwaye zikwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo olukhulu: isetyenziswa, umzekelo, kulwakhiwo lwe-aquarium. Xa sifuna ukuqonda umaleko wethutyana, sinokusebenzisa iglue esekwe kwirabha, ebonakaliswa lixesha lokumisa ixesha elide. Kuba ivumela iindawo ukuba zahlulwe amaxesha amaninzi ukulungisa indawo yazo ehambelanayo, isetyenziswa rhoqo ekupapasheni nakumagumbi eendaba ezobugcisa ephephandaba. Into ebizwa ngokuba yi “glue in tape” ingasetyenziselwa ukuqinisa izinto ezinobunzima bokukhanya kwiindonga ezithe nkqo. I-tape yokubambelela yobunzima obuthile, obubonakala bufana ne-tar, enokuthi ibambelele kwii-substrates ezahlukeneyo. Into esifuna ukuyilungisa icinezelwe ngamandla phezu kweteyiphu kwaye ihlala ibambelele apho. Kwiivenkile ezikhethekileyo, unokufumana imveliso yolwelo ekhethekileyo yokunamathela okungcono kwerabha okanye iibhanti zokuhambisa ngesikhumba. Inokusetyenziswa kwiimoto okanye kwizixhobo zombane zasekhaya.
Izinto ezincamathelayo ezidweliswe “njengezodwa” ke ngoko azikhuselekanga kwi-aquarium, isithuthi, isixhobo sombane, i-polystyrene okanye olunye usetyenziso olubuthathaka. Ukuhambelana okucacileyo kunye nemvume yomvelisi iyafuneka kwisixhobo esithile, umthwalo, ubushushu, ukufuma kunye nokunxibelelana nezinto eziphilayo.
Iminenga
IiPuti zizinto ezincamathelayo zoxinaniso ezahlukeneyo, esizisebenzisayo ukuzalisa kunye nokulungelelanisa imingxuma okanye iintanda kwaye zibophe ngokuqinileyo kwizinto ezifakwe kuzo. Kwezinye iimeko, zingasetyenziselwa ukugcwalisa amajoyina phakathi kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kwaye ngaloo ndlela zibe negalelo ekubambeni ngcono ukudibanisa.
Ngokubanzi, kunokutshiwo ukuba ezona putty zixhaphakileyo zifumaneka kwi-adhesives yokwenyani xa izinto ezifanelekileyo ze-inert kunye nezinye izongezo zongezwa kuzo. Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona kunjalo, i-adhesive ngokwayo inokusebenza njenge-putty, ukuba siyisebenzisa kwimigangatho enzima. Ngoko ke, eyona ngqwalasela iphambili esiye sayenza ngokuphathelele izinto zokuncamathelisa ziyasebenza kwaye ziyasebenza nakwiminenga.
Iiputi zesintu, ezenziwe ngesandla kusetyenziswa ioli yelineed kunye neglu eyomeleleyo yokuchwela njengesibophelelo, kunye nomgubo wekaolin njengento engasebenziyo, ayisasetyenziswa. Ukuba sifuna ukuhlobisa imingxuma, iintanda kunye nemikrwelo emthini, sinokusebenzisa i-paste ekhethekileyo yomthi owenziwe ngeyona sawdust egqwesileyo ehlakazwe kwi-binder ye-acrylic. Sifaka ngokuthe ngqo kwi-tube kwaye iyindawo enkulu yeemveliso zemveli ngenxa yokubambelela kwayo okungcono kunye nokusisigxina ngokupheleleyo (okungatshintshiyo). Xa sele iqinile, ifumana iimpawu ezibonakalayo ezifana nemithi kwaye inokucutshungulwa ngendlela efanayo nemithi. Ngamanye amaxesha, kwiipakethi zale ntlama, sinokufumana iipensile ze-wax apho siphucula ngobuhle ukulungiswa, ukuxelisa imivimbo, imicu yomthi.
Kwaye iintanda kwintsimbi zinokucolwa, »welding« kubanda, kusetyenziswa iimveliso ezifanelekileyo. I-Putty esekelwe kwi-acrylic resins kunye nentsimbi kunye ne-aluminium powder zilungile ukulungisa iintanda kunye nemingxuma kwizixhobo zombane zasekhaya, ii-radiator, iibhobho kunye ne-gutters. Xa kufuneka amandla akhethekileyo kunye nokumelana nobushushu okukhulu, kungcono ukusebenzisa ulwelo okanye uncamathisele iimveliso ezisekelwe kwi-epoxy resins. Xa i-putty iqina, sinokwenza isanti, i-drill, intambo, njl njl. Ukongezelela, indawo elungiselelwe nayo ayinakunyanyiswa ngamanzi, ixhathisa i-rust kunye neyona arhente yeekhemikhali eziqhelekileyo.
Musa ukulungisa izixhobo zombane okanye zerhasi, iiradiyetha, imibhobho, amatanki okanye iindawo zoxinzelelo ezisekelwe kule nkcazo yembali yodwa. Ezo nkqubo zifuna uphando lwesizathu sokusilela, imathiriyeli kunye nenkqubo evunyiweyo yobushushu obuchanekileyo, uxinzelelo kunye nophakathi, kunye nokusebenza okufanelekileyo kunye novavanyo.
Ekutywinweni kwebhastile, isamente, iiseramikhi okanye iplastiki ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu, iiputi ze-epoxy ezinamacandelo amabini zezona zingcono. Kwezi meko, i-putty ifezekisa ukuchasana kwempembelelo kangangokuba ide idlule ukuchasana kwezinto ezigqunywe ngobunzima bokunamathela. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, iipleyiti ezimbini eziqhekekileyo, ezidityaniswe nemveliso ye-epoxy, zinokuthi kamva, ukuba kuyimfuneko, zophuke nakweyiphi na indawo ngaphandle kokwaphuka kwangaphambili.
Umphezulu omenyezelayo weseramiki zococeko, iithayile zeseramikhi okanye izixhobo zombane zasendlwini ezikrweliweyo okanye eziqhekekileyo zinokuqatywa lula “nge-enameli emhlophe” - inyameko emhlophe elulwelo - ngobungakanani obuncinci. Iyimveliso ethi, ngenxa yeekhemikhali zayo, ibambelela ngokugqibeleleyo kwiindawo ezigudileyo kunye nezilukhuni, zihlala zingathinteki ngamanzi kunye nobushushu, kwaye aziphuzi.
Ukulungiswa kwezinto zerabha kunye nomgangatho, kukho iirubha zokwenziwa kwiityhubhu, umbala omnyama kunye nefom yokuncamathisela. Zisetyenziselwa kwiindawo ezihlambulukileyo kunye ne-degreased, eziye zahlanjululwa ngaphambili nge-sandpaper. Emva kokuqina, i-paste igcina ukuguquguquka kwayo. Ekubeni ibambelela kwimigangatho yezinto zaso nasiphi na isimo, ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziselwa ukuthintela izibambo kunye nezibambo zezixhobo kunye nezixhobo.
Ukwenza izicelo apho kufuneka i-elasticity ethile, njengokuba, umzekelo, xa ugcwalisa iintanda phakathi kwezinto ezakhelwe ngaphakathi eludongeni kunye nodonga ngokwalo, okanye i-joint joints, kufuneka sibhenele ekusebenziseni i-silicone sealants. Ezi mveliso ngendlela yokunamathisela, ngenxa yesenzo somoya, ngokukhawuleza ufumana kwaye ugcina ngokusisigxina ubuninzi beerubha. Ukupakishwa kokusetyenziswa kwendlu kuvumela ukuba imveliso isetyenziswe ngokulula kumgca oqhubekayo wobunzima obufunwayo.
Izinyibilikisi
Ngegama elithi isinyibilikisi sithetha izinto ezinokunyibilikisa ezinye. Ishishini lemichiza linikele ingqwalasela eninzi kweli candelo lophando. Ngokwethiyori, kunokuthiwa yonke into okanye ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kune-solvent yayo, enokuthi, ukuqala ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye, amanzi okanye umxube onzima kakhulu wemveliso yendalo okanye yokwenziwa. Kubalulekile kuthi ukuba sazi indlela yokukhetha izinyibilikisi ezifanelekileyo kwizinto esizisebenzisa kakhulu: i-thiners yazo zonke iintlobo zepeyinti, izisusi zevarnish, izithambiso zazo zonke iintlobo zokuncamathelisa, njl.
Kwezona zinto zixhaphakileyo zisetyenziswayo, ezinje ngokususa igrisi kunye nokucoca, kufuneka sigcine izinyibilikisi ezininzi ezisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezininzi endlwini ezingenaxesha lilinganiselweyo. Utywala be-ethyl obunokutsha kakhulu kunye netyhefu, esinokuyifumana ecocekileyo (engenambala) okanye i-denatured (umbala obomvu) isinyibilikisi samafutha, inani elikhulu leglu zendalo kunye ne-synthetic kunye nezinye ivanishi.
Ganzine, i-solvent engenambala kunye netyhefu, siya kuyisebenzisa ngokuqaphela kwaye siyigcine kwindawo yomoya, kude nayo nayiphi na indawo yokushisa, kuba kungekhona nje ulwelo oluvuthayo, kodwa kunye nemiphunga yalo. Ipetroli sisinyibilikisi esigqwesileyo kwipeyinti, itela, amabala e-oyile. Ikwanyibilikisa zonke izinto ezincamathelayo ezisekwe kwirabha.
Trielin ligama lokurhweba le-trichlorethylene-ikhemikhali eyityhefu esiyisebenzisayo ukunyibilikisa igrisi ne-oyile kwaye inokungena endaweni yepetroli kwindawo yokucoca. Njengazo zonke izinyibilikisi zekloridi, iyasebenza kwirabha kunye nezinto eziphuma kuyo.
Iammonia lulwelo olunetyhefu noludlayo olunevumba elinamandla. Ithengiswa ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi: ukugxininiswa okunamandla kakhulu kuchitha i-varnishes. Yiarhente yokucoca egqwesileyo, kuba iguqula amanqatha abe ngamanzi anesepha kwaye ithobe ngokugqibeleleyo iintlobo ngeentlobo zemathiriyeli.
Turpentine ikwalulwelo olunokutsha kakhulu ekufuneka silugcine kwibhotile emiswe kakuhle okanye kwibhokisi yetoti, nakwigumbi elingena umoya. Siyisebenzisela ikakhulu ukuthambisa ivanishi kunye nezinto ezisekelwe kwi-wax okanye irabha kunye nokususa amabala kwezi zinto.
I-acetone, ulwelo oluvuthayo kwaye olulula ngokulula, lusebenza kwii-lacquers ezisekelwe kwi-nitrocellulose kunye nazo zonke iimveliso ze-cellulosic, kubandakanywa nokunamathela. Inyibilikisa phantse zonke izinto zokuncamathelisa ezenziwe nge-thermoplastic.
Ingcebiso yembali yokugcina izinyibilikisi ngaphakathi akufanele ilandelwe. Ungasebenzisi i-petroli, i-trichlorethylene, i-ammonia, i-turpentine, i-acetone kunye nezinto ezifanayo zokucoca okanye ukucoca ngaphandle kokujonga izithintelo zangoku, i-data sheet yokhuseleko, umoya ofanelekileyo kunye nokukhusela; ungazigaleli kwizinto ezingaphawulwanga okanye kwipakethe yokutya kwaye uzigcine kude namadangatye, iintlantsi, ubushushu kunye nabantu abangagunyaziswanga.
Imizekelo yokupakishwa okucekethekileyo ukusukela ngexesha lokupapashwa kwenqaku
Izithambiso
Ioli ethile iya kuhlala iluncedo. Ibhotile enye okanye inkonkxa yokuthambisa ioyile enqabileyo inokuba luncedo kumaxesha amaninzi: ukuthambisa umatshini wokuthunga, iihenjisi ezitswinayo, iibheringi zobhedu “ezizithambisayo” kwezinye izixhobo zombane zasekhaya, njalo njalo. Ukuba sixuba amanzi ngeoli (malunga 15% neoli), sifumana eyona nto ipholileyo yokomba isinyithi.
I-Vaseline iyimfuneko ekuthambiseni emva kokucoca iitepu zabasebenzisi begesi, kwaye sinokuyifaka endlwini kwiihenjisi, izibophelelo, izitshixo kunye neebholiti.
Musa ukucoca, ukuthambisa okanye ukuqhawula iifaucethi okanye ezinye iindawo zabasebenzisi begesi ngokwale ngxelo yogcino. Inkonzo yezixhobo zerhasi, ukhetho lwesithambiso esihambelanayo, ukutshekishwa kokuvuza nokuphinda kugunyaziselwe inkonzo esemgangathweni.
Ibhokisi enye yegrisi ekhethekileyo yeebheringi zebhola iya kufuneka ukuthambisa ezi bheringi kwiimotha zombane zokucoca, iimpompo zesump, njl.njl.
Enye igrisi eqhelekileyo inokuba luncedo ekuloleni ngokucokisekileyo, ngokulola ngesandla kweetshizisi kunye neemela zeplaner kwilitye lewhetstone. Ngomxube wale grisi kunye neoli, siya kukwazi ukuhambisa imivalo ye-sliding emnyango ngaphandle komgudu okanye ukukhwaza. Ngegrisi ngokwayo, siya kuthambisa iihenjisi ezinkulu kwiimfama (i-shuckers) ezivula ngaphandle, amasango angaphandle eyadi, igaraji, njl.