Hutano Hunokosha, Moto uye Chengetedzo Cherechedzo: Aya ndiwo mavara akachengetwa kubva ku 2018. gore, uye kwete murairo wemazuva ano wekusarudza, kusanganisa, kuchengetedza kana kushandiswa kwekunamatira, sealants, solvents uye lubricant. Zvigadzirwa zvinotsanangurwa zvinogona kunge zvine zvinopfuta, zvine muchetura, zvinoparadza, zvinogumbura kana zvinokonzeresa uye zvinogona kuburitsa hutsi hunokuvadza. Usachengete kana kushandisa peturu, trichlorethylene, ammonia, turpentine, acetone, formaldehyde system, kana mamwe makemikari maererano nenhoroondo yezano iri papeji ino. Kune chimwe nechimwe chigadzirwa, chinyorwa chayo chazvino, pepa rekuchengetedza data, mirairo yemugadziri, kuenderana neiyo substrate, kufefetedza uye kubvisa, kuchengetedza ganda, maziso uye nhengo dzekufema, matanho ekudzivirira moto uye kuraswa kwakakodzera kwemasara. Zvinonamira nezvisimbiso zvezviumbwa zvinotakura zvinhu, motokari, midziyo yemagetsi negasi, pombi nemasisitimu ekumanikidza, mvura yekunwa, kubata chikafu, mvura dzemumvura kana zvimwe zvikumbiro zvakakosha zvekuchengetedza zvinoda hurongwa hwakazvipira hwakatenderwa uye kuongororwa kwehunyanzvi.
Glues, sealants, solvents uye mafuta ekuzora hazvisi chikamu chekupihwa kutsva kweruzhinji kweSavo Kusić. Parizvino pari kutariswa mahwindo emapuranga, mahwindo emapuranga-aluminium, mahwindo etsika uye magonhi. Kune rimwe hwindo kana chirongwa chemusuwo, unogona kutumira chikumbiro chemutengo.
Adhesives
Glues anoshandiswa zvakasimba uye zvechigarire kujoinha zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakafanana kana zvakasiyana. Kuti kubatanidzwa kuitike, zvakakosha kuti glue inonamatira zvakanaka kune zvose zviri zviviri, kuti glue haina kuoma kare kare panguva yekubatanidza, uye kuti mushure mekuoma inochengetedza chisungo chakasimba nezvinhu, zvingave zvakasimba kana zvinoshanduka. Saka zvinogona kutaurwa kuti chinonamira chinoshanda kune imwe mhando yezvinhu chinogona kusashanda kune imwe. Dambudziko rakatonyanya kuoma kana iwe uchida kubatanidza zvinhu zvakasiyana chaizvo zvemuviri, sesimbi nerabha kana rabha negirazi. Mukuwedzera, mamiriro ezvinhu ayo zvinhu zvakapofumadzwa zvichange zviripo zvakakoshawo. Kana iri kunze, chinonamira chinofanira kunge chiri kunze kwemamiriro ekunze. Kana zvinhu zvacho zvichizosangana nekupisa, glue ngarirambe richipisa, zvichingodaro.
Pakutanga, maglue aiwanikwa chete nekubikisa ganda nemapfupa emhuka, kana kubva kumuto wezvimwe zvirimwa. Adhesives emhando iyi anoshandiswa kunyanya kubatanidza zvinhu zveporous, zvakadai sepepa, kadhibhodhi, huni nezvimwe. Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, pasi pesimba rekutsvagisa zvine chekuita nemapurojekiti emuchadenga, zvitsva, zvinonamira zvekugadzira zvakanatswa, izvo zvishoma nezvishoma zviri kutsiva zvinonamira zvechinyakare nekuda kwekushanda kwazvo. Mamwe marudzi ekunamira ane yakanaka adhesive uye kuramba hunhu zvekuti anogona nyore kubatana zvakaoma uye compact zvinhu zvakaita sesimbi, saka dzimwe nguva anoshandiswa seimwe nzira yewelding. Vagadziri vanopa aya namo mazita akasiyana-siyana anoratidza mashandisiro aanoita chaiwo. Muchiitiko chekusahadzika, pakusarudza, zviri nani kubvunza mutengesi uye kutsanangura chaizvo izvo zvinhu zvatinoda kunama. Isu tinofanirwa kuchengetedza akati wandei emhando dzeglues mumba uye pamwe nekuwedzera huwandu gare gare zvichienderana neruzivo. Zviri nani kuziva kushandiswa kwemashanu-nhanhatu adhesives zvakanaka pane kutenga imwe inonamira mushure meimwe zvichienderana nemimwe mirairo yakajairika. Ongororo yakanyatsojeka yemanamatirwo anowanikwa mune zvekutengesa angapfuura chiyero cheichi chinyorwa. Ndicho chikonzero isu tichanamatira kune pfupiso pfupi yemaitiro ekusarudza, kuzivikanwa, uye pamusoro pese kushandiswa nekushandiswa kwezvinonamira.
Zvinamira zvisina kusimba
Boka rekutanga rinosanganisira zvinonamira zvisina kusimba, zvinenge nguva dzose zvemuriwo, izvo zvakakodzera kune zvimwe zvinhu zvinonyudza, asi izvo zvisina kusimba kune yakasimba kubatana. Kune gluing pepa nekadhibhodhi, anowanzo chena glues atinogona kuwana mune chero chitoro chemabhuku akanaka. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune zvinonamira zvemvura senge chingamu uye nezvimwe. Hove glue, yakatogadzirwa mumachubhu, yatinoti hove inomera, yakakodzerawo gluing pepa, kadhibhodhi, dehwe, machira uye huni, saka chero nguva yakakosha kubatana kwakasimba kusingadiwi. Inoomesa zvishoma nezvishoma uye inobviswa nyore nyore nemvura.
Iri boka rezvinonamira rinofanirawo kusanganisira izvo zvinowanzonzi universal adhesives. Izvo zvinogadzirwa kubva ku cellulose-based synthetic resins, yakanyungudika muzvinonyungudutsa zvinobuda nekukurumidza. Vanogona kuzivikanwa nekunhuhwirira kwakafanana nekwekwezvipikiri. Vanoomesa nokukurumidza, vanorwisana nemvura, makemikari akawanda uye kukwegura. Nekudaro, ivo vane isina kusimba mechanicha kuramba, iyo isingabatanidze gluing fenicha kana zvishandiso uye zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa zuva nezuva. Kubata kwakanakisa kunowanikwa nekushandisa kaviri layer, pane ese ari maviri. Zvakare, glue ye Wallpaper inogadzirwa pahwaro hwe cellulose. Icho chinhu cheupfu chatinonyungudutsa mumvura inotonhora pakarepo tisati tashandisa. Iko kusanganiswa kunowedzera kana kushoma zviyo, izvo zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemadziro. Nekuwedzera kwegypsum powder, nzira imwechete inoshandiswa kugadzira putty kumadziro.
Muenzaniso weglue yepasirese kubva panguva yekuburitswa kwechinyorwa
Zvinamira zvekuveza
Mhando nhatu dzeglue dzinonyanya kushandiswa mukuveza: guruu rinobva pane casein (protein mumukaka), “guruu yakasimba” - putty - uye polyvinyl glues. Casein glue ine mukana wekuve wakachipa uye wekugadzira chisungo chakasimba, kunyangwe isingadzivirirwe nemvura. Inowanzotengeswa sehupfu inochengetwa mumidziyo yakanyatsomira, kuitira kuti unyoro kana mvura irege kupinda. Tinozvigadzirira nekuisa zviri mukati mubhokisi repurasitiki, uye kuwedzera mvura shoma, tinovhenganisa musanganiswa “rita imwe nehafu kune kilogram yeglue”. Mushure mokunge tarega musanganiswa uchizorora kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu, wedzera mvura yakafanana. Kana huwandu hwemvura hunoshandiswa huri hudiki, glue-based glue inogona kushandiswa kunamatira matehwe, linoleum, marble, uye marata esimbi pahuni. Kana yagadzirwa, musanganiswa unofanirwa kushandiswa mukati memaawa mashoma nekuti unoomesa nekukurumidza. Guruu yakasimba, tutkalo inotorwa kubva pazvisaririra zvemhuka uye inotengeswa mumataira eyero kana mabeads anonyungudika zviri nyore. Pasati pave nename dzekugadzira, paive ne classic carpenter’s glue. Mazuva ano, inoshandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma nekuda kwekunhuhwirira kusingafadzi uye kugadzirira kwenguva refu, kazhinji chete panguva yemabasa akakosha akadai sekudzoreredzwa kwefenicha yekare. Tinoigadzira nokurega matiles kana mabeads azvimba mumvura inodziya (kirogiramu imwe yeglue mumakirogiramu maviri kusvika matatu emvura) kwezuva rimwe chete tobva tasiya kuti inyunguduke zvakare nekuipisa mumudziyo wakanyikwa mumvura inodziya. Munguva yose iyi, tinomutsa musanganiswa nechidimbu chehuni, tichibvisa furo rinoumba kubva pamusoro. Kana musanganiswa wacho wakanyanyisa, tichawedzera mamwe mvura inopisa. Kana yatonhodzwa, guruu iri rinoomesa asi rinogona kushandiswazve nekudziisa kana kuwedzera mvura.
Polyvinyl adhesives ane mukana wekuti anogona kuramba akagadzirira kushandiswa kwemwedzi yakawanda mumapakeji aanopihwa. Izvi zvinhu zvinoparadzira izvo zvinongedzo zvekutanga mabhurashi madiki epolyvinyl acids akanyungudutswa mumvura uye nekuwedzera kwemhando dzakasiyana dzeresin. Iyo glue inotanga kuisa apo, nekuda kwekubuda kwemvura, zvimedu zvinonamatira pamwe chete kuti zvigadzire firimu rimwe chete. Kunyatsoomesa kunoda nguva ingangoita 24 awa. Zvinamira zverudzi urwu zvinotengeswa pasi pemazita akasiyana ekutengeserana uye akakodzera kunamatira huni kuhuni, mapuranga epurasitiki, kunzwa, uye rabha kuhuni. Nadzo, kuvapo kwepolyvinyl resins kunowanzo kucherechedzwa pakaputirwa, nepo zvimwe zvinongedzo zvinosiiwa, sechakavanzika chefekitori.
Manami ekuveza atataura kusvika pari zvino akakodzera chete mukati memba nekuti mhepo nezuva zvinonetesa kubata kwename idzi. Kune gluing zvinhu zvinenge zvakamira kunze, munzvimbo ine nyoro kana mumvura, tinofanira kushandisa glues apo kunamatira kunokonzerwa nemakemikari reaction uye izvo zvinopesana nemvura, hydrocarbons nezvimwe zvinonyungudutsa. Adhesives yakavakirwa paurea-formaldehyde (two-component adhesives inopihwa mumastes kana hupfu) kana phenol-formaldehyde kuoma nekudziya uye anoshandiswa chete mukugadzira fekitori. Adhesives yakavakirwa pa resorcinol-formaldehyde inoomesa kunyangwe ichitonhora, pamwe nekuwedzera kwekatalyst, uye ine yakanaka mejini kuramba kunyangwe kana uchinamira zvinhu zvehukobvu hwakakura. Chokutanga pane zvose, ivo vanokurudzirwa kubatanidza zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nepurasitiki nerabha.
Nhoroondo yetsanangudzo ye formaldehyde uye mamwe maitiro anogadzirisa haisi nheyo yakakwana yekusarudzwa kana kugadzirira kwekunamatira. Usasanganise, kupisa kana kuisa zvigadzirwa zvakadaro usina magwaro emugadziri aripo, zvidzoreso zvekuonekwa muindasitiri zvakakodzera uye ongororo yehunyanzvi yekushandiswa kuri kuda kushandiswa.
Synthetic solvent adhesives
Pakati pezvinomisikidza zvinonyungudutsa zvine zvinangwa zvakawanda, zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndezviya zvinodaidzwa kunzi kubata kana “pakarepo” zvinonamira. Vanodanwa kudaro nekuti vanobatirira zvakasimba pakarepo mushure mekubatanidzwa kwezvinhu zviviri, uye kururamisa kunotevera munzvimbo yezvinhu zvakanamirwa hazvigoneke. Naizvozvo, ndezvezvigadzirwa zvine simba rekunamatira rakasimba kune nhamba huru yezvinhu, kusanganisira zvimwe zvekugadzira zvinhu uye simbi. Isu tinoshandisa glue ne spatula kune zvose zviri zviviri, izvo zvatinozobatanidza uye tinopindirana zvakanaka kune mumwe nemumwe, asi mushure mokunge tabvumira imwe chiyero chekunyungudika kuti chibude kwenguva pfupi. Ivo vakakodzera kunamira pahuni kana plaster kuvhara kwenzvimbo dzakakura. Izvo zvinoshandawo panzvimbo dzine hunyoro, asi hazvinyanyi kushanda pakudziya kwakaderera. Naizvozvo, isu tinofanirwa kuanamatira mune zviri pakati tembiricha (zvishoma 15°C). Kana nzira yekurapa yapera, zvinhu zvakasungwa zvinokwanisa kumira tembiricha yakakwira kupfuura 100 uye 150°C.
Tembiricha, nguva yekurapa uye kuramba kunotaurwa muzvinyorwa zvekuchengetedza handizvo zvinotsanangurwa zvezvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano. Shandisa chete kukosha kubva kune yazvino label uye data sheet yechigadzirwa chakasarudzwa uye chengetedza mhepo, dziviriro kubva kumhute uye chinhambwe kubva kune zvinobatidza moto.
Epoxy adhesives
Majoini akasimba anowanikwa aine maviri-chikamu epoxy glues. Muzvitoro, tinogona kuvawana pasi pemazita akasiyana-siyana, ayo, sekutonga, akafanana nemakemikari e “epoxy”, “epoxy”. Zvinowanzoiswa mumachubhu maviri, imwe ine resin uye imwe ine hardener, uye inotengeswa mune dzakawanda shanduro: yakajeka, yakachena, yesimbi-mavara, nezvimwewo. Tisati tashandisa zvikamu zviviri izvi, tinofanira kuzvisanganisa uye kushandisa musanganiswa unoguma mumucheka mutete pamusoro pezvinhu zvose zviri zviviri (kana zvichibvira zvishoma zvishoma) uye rega glue rizorore zvishoma tisati tasangana. Kuomesa kwekutanga kunopedzwa mukati maawa maviri kusvika matanhatu, uye yechipiri yatove maererano nerudzi rweglue. Kwekupedzisira, kuomesa kwekupedzisira, 8 kusvika 24 maawa anodiwa. Munguva ino, tinochengeta nzvimbo dzakabatana zvakasimba, asi kwete zvakanyanya. Iyo kemikari inokonzeresa kusimba haigoni kutanga patembiricha iri pazasi 15°C, asi inogona kukwidziridzwa nekudziya kwakadzikama. Kana yaoma, chinonamira chinova chinoshingirira kuhunyoro hwenguva refu, zvinonyungudutsa, maasidhi uye tembiricha yakanyanya. Epoxy glues inoshanda kwete pahuni chete, asiwo pahuwandu hwezvinhu, kunyange zvakaoma zvikuru, zvakadai sedombo, marble, ceramics, girazi, simbi uye mapurasitiki asingadziviriri uye mamwe.
Aya anonamira anowana hunhu hwakasiyana kana akasiyana mamwe marezeni ekugadzira awedzerwa kwaari. Saka, epoxy-phenolic glue inova inoshingirira kune tembiricha kusvika 250°C; epoxy-silicone adhesives ane yakaderera mechanical resistance, asi anoshingirira tembiricha ye 300 kana 350 madhigirii Celsius. Epoxy - polyamide adhesives inopa kubatana kwakasimba asi kushoma kuramba kana uchijoinha zvinhu zvakaoma pane pakujoinha zvinhu zvinochinjika.
Kana nzvimbo dzekubatanidza dzakagadzirirwa zvakanaka, mhedzisiro inoshamisa inowanikwa: kazhinji, glue iyi inogona kutsiva welding. Usakanganwa kuti mune zvivakwa zveaeronautical, zvikamu zvitatu zvezvikamu, kunyange kana zviri chikamu chezvigadziro zvinotsigira, zvakabatanidzwa neadhesives, mazhinji ayo ari epoxy adhesives.
Izvo zvakapfuura zvirevo zvenhoroondo nezve kutsiva welding uye zvimiro zvinotsigira hazvisi kurudziro yekugadzira. Kubatana kwechimiro kunoda zvinhu zvinonyatsotsanangurwa, kugadzirira kwepamusoro, kurapa kunodzorwa, kuverenga, kuyedzwa uye nzira yakatenderwa yeimwe application.
Cyano-acrylic adhesives
Cyano-acrylic adhesives zvirokwazvo ndiyo yakanyatsokodzera basa chairo, pakugadzirisa kudiki pasimbi dzese, pagirazi, parabha uye pamhando dzese dzepurasitiki (kunze kwe polyethylene uye mamwe ma acrylic resin). Kana zvasvika kune gluing zvinhu zverudzi urwu, cyano-acrylic glue ine yakasarudzika adhesiveness uye inoshanda muhuwandu hushoma: donhwe rimwe rinokwana nzvimbo ye 6 square centimita. Ndokusaka ichitengeswa mumapakeji madiki, asi mutengo wakakwira. Zvikasadaro, kana yakachengetwa pakamuri tembiricha glue inogara kwerinenge gore. Kana tikaisiya mumhepo yakachena, kusimba kwayo hakuna miganhu. Nekuda kwehunhu hwayo, cyano-acrylic adhesives anoshandiswa kunamira zvakakosha muzvishongo, aine mhedzisiro. Iyo yakakwana pachena uye indekisi yerefraction, iyo yakaenzana negirazi, inoita kuti ive guruu isingadzokerike yekudzoreredza zvinhu zvekristaro zvakaputsika kune yavo yekutanga. Imwe bhenefiti yainayo, kana zvasvika pakupindira pazvimiro zvidiki, inosanganisirwa nekumhanya kwegluing, iyo inenge iri pakarepo: neiyi glue, akawanda gluings anogona kuitwa nekukurumidza, imwe mushure meimwe pachinhu chimwe chete.
Zvinamira zvinomisikidza zvinokurumidza kubatanidza ganda uye kuisa mungozi maziso nenhengo dzekufema. Usavaswededza pedyo nechiso chako, usashandise pasina mirairo yemazuva ano uye uchengetedze kunze kwekusvika kwevana; kana zvikaitika, ita zvinoenderana nerabel uye nekukurumidza tsvaga rubatsiro rwakakodzera nyanzvi.
Special adhesives
Pakupedzisira pane nhevedzano yezvigadzirwa zvakakosha zvakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa akakosha ekubatanidza matambudziko. Pakati peizvi tinoyeuka mhinduro dzerabha mune organic solvents, mhinduro dzakareruka kana nekuwedzera kwemasynthetic resin, ayo anoshandiswa kubatanidza zvikamu zvakagadzirwa nerabha, plastiki kana flexible plastiki (polyethylene, naironi, Teflon nevamwe). Mune vhezheni yekunamatira adhesives, inoomesa nekukurumidza uye inoshandiswa kugadzirisa machubhu emukati sezvo inopesana nekukotama nemvura. Adhesives emhando iyi akakodzerawo gluing acrylic zvinhu (plexiglass), seimwe nzira kune acrylic resin solutions.
Chimwe chigadzirwa chinotitendera kuti tigadzirise pane anonzwa, machira eshinda, hemp nedonje. Nokudaro, zvinokwanisika kujoina hems pasina kusona kana kunamatira vamwe kune nzvimbo dzakasakara dzejira sekusimbisa. Kugadzirisa kwakadaro kunotopikisa kuwacha nekuaina. Kunyangwe kugadzirisa polystyrene pahuni, kadhibhodhi, simbi yemapuranga kana ceramics, kune guruu rinokosha. Kune zvakare chinonamira chegluing mapepa ePVC (polyvinyl chloride). Silicone glue inoshandiswa kujoinha magirazi, ayo akanyanya elastic uye anokwanisa kumirisana nekumanikidzwa kukuru: inoshandiswa, semuenzaniso, mukuvaka kwe aquarium. Kana isu tichida kuona chidimbu chenguva, isu tinogona zvakare kushandisa rabha-based glue, iyo inoratidzwa nenguva yekuomesa iyo yakareba. Nekuti inobvumira kuti zvikamu zvipatsanurwe kakawanda kuti zvigadzirise chinzvimbo chavo, chinoshandiswa kazhinji mukutsikisa uye mumapepanhau ehunyanzvi hwenhau. Iyo inonzi “glue in tepi” inogonawo kushandiswa kusungira zvinhu-zviremera kumadziro akatwasuka. Iyo inonamatira tepi yehumwe ukobvu, iyo kutaridzika kwayo kwakafanana netara, iyo inogona kunamatira kune akasiyana substrates. Chinhu chatinoda kugadzirisa chakatsikirirwa pamusoro petepi uye chinoramba chakamira ipapo. Muzvitoro zvine hunyanzvi, iwe unogona zvakare kuwana yakakosha yemvura chigadzirwa chekunamira zvirinani kwerabha kana matehwe ekuparadzira mabhandi. Inogona kushandiswa mumotokari kana zvimwe midziyo yemagetsi yemumba.
Adhesive yakanyorwa se “special” saka haina kuchengetedzeka kune aquarium, mota, mudziyo wemagetsi, polystyrene kana kumwe kushandiswa kwakaoma. Kuenderana kwakajeka uye kubvumidzwa kwemugadziri kunodiwa kune chaiyo zvinhu, mutoro, tembiricha, mwando uye kubata nezvisikwa zvipenyu.
Whales
Puts zvinhu zvinonamira zvakasiyana-siyana, izvo zvatinoshandisa kuzadza nekugadzirisa maburi kana makatsemuka uye zvinosungirira zvakasimba kune izvo zvinoiswa pazviri. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, anogona zvakare kushandiswa kuzadza majoini pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana uye nekudaro kubatsira kubata zvirinani kwejoinhi.
Kazhinji, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti ma putties anowanzo kuwanikwa kubva kune anonamira chaiwo kana akakodzera inert zvinhu uye zvimwe zvinowedzera zvinowedzerwa kwavari. Dzimwe nguva, zvisinei, iyo inonamira pachayo inogona kushanda se putty, kana tikaishandisa mumatanda makobvu. Naizvozvo, pfungwa huru dzatakaita maererano nemanamira dzinoshanda uye dzinoshanda kune whale zvakare.
Maputsi echinyakare, akagadzirwa nemaoko achishandisa mafuta erineni uye guruu rekuveza rakasimba sebhainda, uye kaolin poda sechinhu chisina simba, haachashandiswi. Kana isu tichida kushongedza maburi, kuputika uye kukwenya pahuni, tinogona kushandisa yakakosha paste yehuni yakagadzirwa neakanakisa sawdust yakaparadzirwa mune acrylic binder. Isu tinoiisa yakananga kubva kuchubhu uye inotsiva huru yezvigadzirwa zvechinyakare nekuda kwekunamira kwayo kuri nani uye mhedziso yekusingaperi (isingachinji). Kana yaoma, inowana zvinhu zvemuviri zvakafanana nehuni uye inogona kugadziriswa nenzira imwechete sehuni. Dzimwe nguva, mumapeji eiyi paste, tinogonawo kuwana wakisi mapenzura ayo isu aesthetically kuvandudza kugadzirisa, kutevedzera mitsetse, huni fibers.
Uye makatsemuka pasimbi anogona kugadzirwa, »welded« kutonhora, uchishandisa zvigadzirwa zvakakodzera. Putty yakavakirwa pa acrylic resins uye simbi nealuminium poda yakanakira kugadzirisa makatsemuka nemakomba mumidziyo yemagetsi yemumba, maraidhiya, pombi nemagita. Kana simba rakakosha uye kupisa kwakanyanya kunodiwa, zviri nani kushandisa mvura kana kunamira zvigadzirwa zvinoenderana ne epoxy resins. Kana iyo putty ichiomesa, tinogona jecha, drill, thread, etc. Mukuwedzera, nzvimbo yakagadzirirwa hainawo kunyura mumvura, inopesana nemarara uye inonyanya kushandiswa kwemakemikari.
Usagadzirise midziyo yemagetsi kana gasi, maraidhita, pombi, matangi kana zvikamu zvekumanikidza zvichibva pane iyi nhoroondo chete. Masisitimu akadaro anoda chikonzero-che-kutadza kuferefeta, zvinhu uye nzira yakatenderwa kune chaiyo tembiricha, kudzvanywa nepakati, pamwe nekuita kwakakodzera uye kuyedzwa.
Pakuvharisa marble, simende, ceramics kana purasitiki isingapise kupisa, maviri-epoxy putties ari epoxy putties ari nani. Muzviitiko izvi, iyo putty inowana kupokana kwakadai zvekuti inotopfuura kushorwa kwezvinhu zvakaputirwa neadhesive mass. Saka, semuenzaniso, mahwendefa maviri akatsemuka, akabatanidzwa nechigadzirwa cheepoxy, anogona gare gare, kana zvichidikanwa, kutyorwa pane imwe nguva kunze kwekutyoka kwekare.
Nzvimbo dzakapenya dzedhaka rehutsanana, mataira eceramic kana midziyo yemagetsi yemumba inokwenywa kana kutsemuka neimwe mukana inogona kuvezwa zviri nyore ne “white enamel” - jira jena remvura - muhuwandu hushoma. Icho chigadzirwa icho, nekuda kwemakemikari ayo, inonamatira zvakakwana kune yakatsetseka uye yakaoma nzvimbo, inoramba isina kubatwa nemvura uye kupisa, uye haina yero.
Kugadzirisa zvinhu zverabha uye nzvimbo, kune marabha ekugadzira mumachubhu, mavara matema uye muchimiro chekunamira. Iyo inoshandiswa kune yakacheneswa uye yakasvibiswa nzvimbo, iyo yakamboomeswa nejecha. Mushure mekuoma, iyo paste inochengetedza kushanduka kwayo. Sezvo inonamatira kune pamusoro pezvinhu zvemhando ipi zvayo, dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa kuvhara zvibato uye zvibato zvezvishandiso nemidziyo.
Pamashandisirwo apo imwe elasticity inodiwa, semuenzaniso, kana uchizadza makatsemuka pakati pezvinhu zvakavakwa mumadziro uye madziro pachayo, kana majoini epombi, isu tinofanirwa kushandisa masilicone sealants. Izvi ndizvo zvigadzirwa mumhando yekunamatira iyo, nekuda kwekuita kwemhepo, inokurumidza kuwana uye inochengetedza zvachose density yerabha. Packaging yekushandiswa kwemumba inobvumira chigadzirwa kuti chishandiswe nyore mumutsara unoenderera wehupamhi hunodiwa.
Solvents
Nezwi rekuti solvent tinoreva zvinhu zvinogona kunyungudutsa zvimwe. Indasitiri yemakemikari yakazvipira zvakanyanya kune iyi ndima yekutsvagisa. Nechepfungwa, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti chinhu chimwe nechimwe kana chimiro chemakemikari chine solvent chayo, chinogona kuva, kubva kune imwe yakanyanyisa kuenda kune imwe, mvura kana musanganiswa wakaomesesa wezvigadzirwa zvechisikigo kana zvekugadzira. Zvakakosha kuti isu tizive kuti tingasarudza sei zvinonyungudutsa zvezvinhu zvatinoshandisa zvakanyanya: zvitete zvemarudzi ese ependi, zvinobvisa varnish, zvinopfavisa zvemarudzi ese ezvinonamira, nezvimwewo.
Pakunyanya kushandiswa, sekubvisa uye kuchenesa, tinofanirwa kuchengetedza zvakati wandei zvinonyungudutsa mumba izvo zvisina nguva shoma. Inonyanya kupisa uye ine chepfu ethyl doro, iyo yatinogona kuwana yakachena (isina ruvara) kana denatured (yakatsvuka ruvara) mafuta anonyungudutsa, nhamba huru yemasikirwo uye ekugadzira glues uye mamwe mavhanishi.
Ganzine, isina ruvara uye ine muchetura solvent, tichashandisa nekuchenjerera uye kuichengeta munzvimbo inofefetera, kure nechero ipi zvayo inopisa, nekuti kwete chete mvura inopfuta, asiwo mhute dzayo. Gasoline inonyungudutsa yakanakisa yependi, tara, mavara emafuta. Inonyungusawo zvese zvinonamirwa nerabha.
Trielin izita rekutengesa re trichlorethylene - kemikari ine muchetura yatinoshandisa kunyungudutsa girizi neoiri uye inogona kutsiva peturu mukuchenesa nzvimbo. Sezvinonyungudutsa zvechloride zvese, inoshanda parabha uye nezvinobva pairi.
ammonia imvura ine muchetura uye inopisa uye inonhuhwirira. Inotengeswa zvakanyanya kana zvishoma zvakanyanya: iyo yakanyanya kusimba inonyungudutsa varnishes. Iyo yakanakisa yekuchenesa mumiriri, nekuti inoshandura mafuta kuita sipo mvura uye inobvisa zvakakwana zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana.
Turpentine zvakare imvura inopisa kwazvo yatinofanira kuchengeta mubhodhoro rakanyatsomira kana bhokisi rerata, uye muimba inofefetera. Isu tinoshandisa iyo kunyanya kuonda mavarnish uye zvinhu zvinoenderana newakisi kana rabha uye nekubvisa mavara kubva kune izvi zvinhu.
Acetone, mvura inopfuta uye iri nyore kunyungudika, inoshanda pama lacquers akavakirwa pa nitrocellulose uye pane zvese zvigadzirwa zve cellulosic, zvinosanganisira zvinonamira. Inonyungutsa dzinenge dzese thermoplastic synthetic adhesives.
Zano renhoroondo yekuchengeta zvinonyungudutsa mumba hazvifanirwe kuteverwa. Usashandise peturu, trichlorethylene, ammonia, turpentine, acetone uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana pakuchenesa kana kubvisa pasina kutarisa zvinorambidzwa ikozvino, kuchengetedza data sheet, kufefetedza kwakakodzera uye kudzivirira; usazvidururire mumikombe isina kunyorwa kana kuti yechikafu uye uzvichengetedze kure nemurazvo, pfarivari, kupisa uye nevanhu vasina mvumo.
Mienzaniso yekurongedza kutetepa kubva panguva yakabudiswa chinyorwa
Lubricant
Mamwe mafuta anogara achishanda. Bhodhoro rimwe chete kana gaba remafuta asingawanzo kudzora rinogona kubatsira pazviitiko zvakawanda: kuzora muchina wekusonesa, mahinji anorira, porous bronze “self-lubricating” mabearings mune zvimwe midziyo yemagetsi yemumba, nezvimwe zvakadaro. Kana tikasanganisa mvura neoiri (inenge 15% mafuta), tinowana chinotonhorera chakanakisa chekuchera simbi.
Vaseline yakakosha pakuzora mushure mekuchenesa mapombi evatengi vegasi, uye tinogona kuzora mumba kumahinji, mafasteners, kiyi nemabhaudhi.
Usachenese, isa mafuta kana kupatsanura mapombi kana zvimwe zvikamu zvevashandisi vegasi zvinoenderana neichi chirevo chedura. Sevhisi yemidziyo yemagetsi egasi, kusarudzwa kwemafuta anofambirana, cheki yekuvuza uye kutumirazve ndezvebasa rakakodzera.
Bhokisi rimwe chete regirisi rinokosha remabhero ebhora rinozodiwa kuzora mabheya aya mumamota emagetsi evacuum cleaners, sump pumps, nezvimwewo.
Mamwe girizi anogona kubatsira pakurodza nemaoko kwechisero uye mapanga epurani padombo rewhetstone. Nekusanganiswa kwemafuta aya nemafuta, tichakwanisa kufambisa matanda ekutsvedza pamusuwo pasina kushanda nesimba kana kurira. Negirisi pachayo, isu tichazorawo mahinji makuru pamabofu (shuckers) anovhura kunze, masuwo ekunze eyadhi, garaji, nezvimwe.