Adhesives, solvents, sealants thiab lubricants

** Tseem Ceeb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv, Hluav Taws Xob thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb Ceeb Toom:** Qhov no yog cov ntawv sau cia los ntawm 2018. xyoo, thiab tsis yog cov lus qhia niaj hnub rau kev xaiv, sib tov, khaws cia lossis siv cov nplaum nplaum, sealants, cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov roj nplua nyeem. Cov khoom uas tau piav qhia yuav muaj cov nplaim taws, muaj kuab lom, corrosive, irritating lossis reactive cov khoom xyaw thiab tuaj yeem tso cov pa phem. Tsis txhob khaws lossis siv roj av, trichlorethylene, ammonia, turpentine, acetone, formaldehyde systems, lossis lwm yam tshuaj raws li cov lus qhia keeb kwm ntawm nplooj ntawv no. Rau txhua yam khoom tshwj xeeb, nws daim ntawv lo tam sim no, daim ntawv pov thawj kev nyab xeeb, cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia, kev sib raug zoo nrog cov substrate, qhov cua thiab tshem tawm, kev tiv thaiv ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ob lub qhov muag thiab cov kab mob ua pa, kev tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab pov tseg cov khoom seem muaj feem cuam tshuam. Adhesives thiab sealants rau cov qauv thauj khoom, tsheb, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab roj, cov kav dej thiab lub tshuab ua haujlwm siab, dej haus, kev sib cuag zaub mov, thoob dej yug ntses lossis lwm yam kev nyab xeeb tseem ceeb yuav tsum muaj kev pom zoo thiab kev soj ntsuam kev tshaj lij.

Glues, sealants, solvents thiab lubricants tsis yog ib feem ntawm qhov kev thov tshiab rau pej xeem ntawm Savo Kusić. Lub hom phiaj tam sim no yog ntoo qhov rais, ntoo-aluminium Qhov rais, lub qhov rais kev cai thiab qhov rooj. Rau ib qhov project qhov rais lossis qhov rooj, koj tuaj yeem xa thov rau nqe lus.

Adhesives

Glues yog siv rau kev ruaj khov thiab mus tas li koom nrog cov khoom ua los ntawm cov khoom qub lossis cov khoom sib txawv. Txhawm rau kom qhov sib koom ua ke, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog uas cov kua nplaum ua kom zoo rau ob qho tib si, cov kua nplaum tsis tawv dhau thaum lub sijhawm sib koom, thiab tom qab ziab nws tuav cov khoom ruaj khov nrog cov khoom, yog lawv nruj lossis hloov tau. Yog li nws tuaj yeem suav tau tias cov nplaum nplaum uas siv tau rau ib hom khoom yuav tsis zoo rau lwm tus. Qhov teeb meem yog qhov nyuaj dua thaum koj xav tau cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm lub cev sib txawv, xws li hlau thiab roj hmab lossis roj hmab thiab iav. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov xwm txheej uas cov khoom dig muag yuav nyob tau kuj tseem ceeb. Yog tias nws nyob nraum zoov, cov nplaum yuav tsum yog weatherproof. Yog tias cov khoom yuav raug tshav kub, cov kua nplaum yuav tsum ua kom sov, thiab lwm yam.

Thaum xub thawj, cov kua nplaum tau txais tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev ua kom tawv nqaij thiab pob txha ntawm cov tsiaj, lossis los ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm qee cov nroj tsuag. Adhesives ntawm hom no yog siv feem ntau rau gluing cov ntaub ntawv ntxeem tau, xws li ntawv, cardboard, ntoo thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb txog qhov chaw tej yaam num, tshiab, hluavtaws adhesives tau ua tiav, uas yog maj mam hloov ib txwm adhesives vim lawv ntau dua practicality. Qee hom adhesives muaj qhov zoo adhesion thiab cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm uas lawv tuaj yeem yooj yim koom nrog cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj thiab compact xws li hlau, yog li lawv qee zaum siv los ua lwm txoj hauv kev vuam. Cov neeg tsim khoom muab cov nplaum nplaum no ntau lub npe uas qhia txog lawv cov kev siv tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsis ntseeg, thaum xaiv, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los nug tus neeg muag khoom thiab piav qhia meej yam khoom uas peb xav kom ua kua nplaum. Peb yuav tsum khaws ntau yam sib txawv ntawm cov kua nplaum hauv tsev thiab tejzaum nws nthuav dav tom qab raws li kev paub dhau los. Nws yog qhov zoo dua kom paub daim ntawv thov ntawm tsib-rau cov nplaum zoo dua li yuav ib lub nplaum tom qab lwm qhov raws li qee cov lus qhia dav dav. Ib qho kev txheeb xyuas meej dua ntawm cov khoom lag luam muaj nplaum yuav dhau mus dhau ntawm cov ntawv nyeem no. Tias yog vim li cas peb yuav ua raws li cov ntsiab lus luv luv ntawm cov txheej txheem rau kev xaiv, kev lees paub, thiab saum toj no tag nrho cov kev siv thiab kev siv cov nplaum nplaum.

Cov nplaum tsis muaj zog

Thawj pab pawg suav nrog cov nplaum tsis muaj zog, yuav luag txhua lub hauv paus zaub, uas tsim nyog rau qee cov khoom siv absorbent, tab sis cov uas tsis muaj zog heev rau cov khoom sib txuas. Rau gluing ntawv thiab duab los qhia, cov nplaum dawb ib txwm peb tuaj yeem tau txais hauv txhua lub khw muag ntawv yog qhov zoo heev. Tib yam siv rau cov kua nplaum xws li cov pos hniav thiab lwm yam. Ntses kua nplaum, twb tau npaj rau hauv cov hlab, uas peb hu ua ntses sprouts, kuj yog tsim rau gluing ntawv, cardboard, tawv, ntaub thiab ntoo, yog li thaum twg ib tug tshwj xeeb muaj zog kev twb kev txuas yog tsis yuav tsum tau. Nws hardens kuj maj mam thiab yooj yim tshem tawm nrog dej.

Cov pab pawg no ntawm cov nplaum yuav tsum suav nrog cov feem ntau hu ua universal adhesives. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm cellulose-raws li hluavtaws resins, yaj nyob rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj uas evaporate sai. Lawv tuaj yeem raug lees paub los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb tsw zoo ib yam li cov ntsia thawv polish. Lawv harden sai, tiv taus dej, feem ntau cov tshuaj thiab kev laus. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj lub zog tsis muaj zog, uas tsis suav nrog cov rooj tog zaum lossis cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv uas siv txhua hnub. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws tuav yog ua tiav los ntawm kev siv ob txheej, ntawm ob qhov chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, kua nplaum rau phab ntsa yog tsim los ntawm cellulose. Nws yog cov hmoov uas peb yaj hauv dej txias tam sim ua ntej siv. Cov sib tov yog ntau los yog tsawg grainy, uas nyob ntawm seb hom wallpaper. Nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm gypsum hmoov, tib txoj kev yog siv los ua putty rau phab ntsa.

• Piv txwv ntawm universal kua nplaum los ntawm lub sij hawm tshaj tawm ntawm tsab xov xwm *

Carpentry Adhesives

Peb hom kua nplaum feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov ntoo: kua nplaum raws li casein (cov protein hauv cov mis), “cov kua nplaum muaj zog” - putty - thiab polyvinyl glues. Casein kua nplaum muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev pheej yig thiab tsim kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg, txawm tias nws tsis tiv taus dej. Nws feem ntau yog muag raws li cov hmoov uas khaws cia rau hauv cov thawv ntim zoo, kom tsis txhob ya raws lossis dej tsis nkag. Peb npaj nws los ntawm kev muab cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob yas, thiab ntxiv me ntsis dej, peb sib tov qhov sib tov “ib thiab ib nrab litres rau ib kilogram ntawm kua nplaum”. Tom qab peb cia qhov sib tov so li ntawm kaum tsib feeb, ntxiv cov dej tib yam. Yog tias cov dej siv tsawg dua, cov kua nplaum casein-based tuaj yeem siv rau gluing tawv, linoleum, marble, thiab hlau phaj rau ntoo. Thaum npaj, sib tov yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv ob peb teev vim nws hardens heev sai sai. Cov kua nplaum muaj zog, tutkalo yog muab los ntawm cov tsiaj seem thiab muag hauv cov nplais daj lossis cov hlaws dai uas yaj yooj yim dua. Ua ntej cov kua nplaum hluavtaws, muaj cov kua nplaum classic. Niaj hnub no, nws yog siv tsawg dua vim qhov tsis hnov ​​tsw thiab kev npaj ntev, feem ntau tsuas yog thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb xws li kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov rooj tog qub. Peb npaj nws los ntawm kev cia cov vuas los yog hlaws swell nyob rau hauv dej sov (ib kilogram ntawm kua nplaum nyob rau hauv ob mus rau peb kilograms ntawm dej) rau ib hnub thiab ces cia nws dissolve ntxiv los ntawm cua sov nws nyob rau hauv ib lub thawv rau hauv dej sov. Thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho cov sij hawm no, peb do cov sib tov nrog ib tug piece ntawm ntoo, tshem tawm cov npuas uas tsim los ntawm qhov chaw. Yog tias qhov sib tov yog tuab heev, peb yuav ntxiv dej kub ntxiv. Thaum txias, cov kua nplaum no hardens tab sis tuaj yeem rov siv tau los ntawm cua sov lossis ntxiv dej.

Polyvinyl adhesives muaj qhov zoo uas lawv tuaj yeem npaj siv tau rau lub hlis hauv cov pob khoom uas lawv tau muab. Cov no yog cov tshuaj dispersive uas nws cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb yog txhuam me me ntawm polyvinyl acids yaj hauv dej thiab nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ntau hom resins. Cov kua nplaum pib teeb thaum, vim cov dej evaporation, cov khoom sib txuas ua ke los tsim ib zaj duab xis. Kev ziab kom tiav yuav tsum tau txog 24 teev. Adhesives ntawm hom no yog muag raws li ntau lub npe lag luam thiab tsim nyog rau gluing ntoo rau ntoo, yas boards, xav, thiab roj hmab rau ntoo. Nrog lawv, muaj cov polyvinyl resins feem ntau yog cim rau ntawm lub ntim, thaum lwm cov khoom xyaw raug tshem tawm, raws li lub Hoobkas zais cia.

Cov ntoo nplaum uas peb tau hais los txog tam sim no tsuas yog tsim sab hauv tsev vim tias huab cua cuam tshuam thiab lub hnub tsis muaj zog tuav cov kua nplaum no. Rau gluing cov khoom uas yuav sawv sab nraum zoov, nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntub dej los yog hauv dej, peb yuav tsum siv cov nplaum nplaum uas qhov nplaum yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab uas tiv taus dej, hydrocarbons thiab lwm yam kuab tshuaj. Adhesives raws li urea-formaldehyde (ob lub ntsiab adhesives muab nyob rau hauv pastes los yog hmoov) los yog phenol-formaldehyde harden los ntawm cua sov thiab xyaum siv xwb nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas tsim. Adhesives raws li resorcinol-formaldehyde harden txawm tias thaum txias, nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov catalyst, thiab muaj cov neeg kho tshuab ua haujlwm zoo txawm tias gluing cov khoom ntawm cov tuab tuab. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, lawv raug pom zoo rau gluing cov khoom ua los ntawm cov yas thiab roj hmab.

Cov lus piav qhia keeb kwm ntawm formaldehyde thiab lwm yam reactive systems tsis yog lub hauv paus txaus rau kev xaiv lossis npaj cov nplaum. Tsis txhob sib tov, cua sov lossis siv cov khoom lag luam yam tsis muaj cov chaw tsim khoom tam sim no cov ntaub ntawv, kev tswj hwm kev lag luam tsim nyog thiab cov kws tshaj lij kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev npaj siv.

Synthetic solvent adhesives

Ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws nplaum uas muaj ntau lub hom phiaj, lub npe nrov tshaj plaws yog hu ua kev sib cuag lossis “tam sim” nplaum. Lawv raug hu ua vim tias lawv tuav ruaj khov tam sim ntawd tom qab kev koom ua ke ntawm ob yam khoom, thiab kev kho tom ntej hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov khoom nplaum yog tsis yooj yim sua. Yog li ntawd, nws yog hais txog cov khoom uas muaj zog adhesion muaj peev xwm rau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, nrog rau tej yam khoom siv hluavtaws thiab hlau. Peb thov cov kua nplaum nrog lub spatula rau ob qhov chaw, uas peb mam li koom nrog thiab nias zoo rau ib leeg, tab sis tsuas yog tom qab tso cai rau qee qhov hnyav ntawm cov kuab tshuaj mus rau lub sijhawm luv luv. Lawv tsim nyog rau gluing ntawm ntoo lossis plaster npog ntawm qhov loj dua. Lawv kuj tseem siv tau rau qhov chaw ntub dej, tab sis tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav tsum muab cov nplaum rau hauv nruab nrab kub (tsawg kawg 15°C). Thaum cov txheej txheem kho tiav lawm, cov khoom sib txuas tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub siab tshaj 100 thiab 150°C.

Kub, kho lub sij hawm thiab kuj tau teev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv archive tsis yog cov specification ntawm cov khoom niaj hnub no. Siv tsuas yog cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm daim ntawv lo tam sim no thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom xaiv thiab xyuas kom muaj qhov cua, tiv thaiv vapors thiab nyob deb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub.

Epoxy adhesives

Cov pob qij txha muaj zog tshaj plaws tau txais nrog ob lub ntsiab lus epoxy nplaum. Hauv khw muag khoom, peb tuaj yeem pom lawv nyob rau hauv ntau lub npe, uas, raws li txoj cai, zoo li cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg “epoxy”, “epoxy”. Lawv feem ntau tau ntim rau hauv ob lub raj, ib qho nrog cov resin thiab ib qho nrog hardener, thiab muag hauv ntau hom: ntshiab, dawb, xim hlau, thiab lwm yam. Ua ntej siv ob lub ntsiab lus, peb yuav tsum sib tov thiab siv qhov sib xyaw ua ke hauv ib txheej nyias ntawm ob qho tib si (yog tias ua tau me ntsis ntxhib) thiab cia cov kua nplaum so me ntsis ua ntej koom. Thawj hardening yog ua tiav nyob rau hauv ob mus rau rau teev, thiab lub thib ob twb raws li hom kua nplaum. Rau qhov kawg, qhov kawg hardening, 8 mus rau 24 teev yuav tsum tau. Lub sijhawm no, peb khaws cov chaw ruaj khov, tab sis tsis ntau dhau. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg uas ua rau muaj zog tsis tuaj yeem pib ntawm qhov kub hauv qab 15°C, tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm dua los ntawm cua sov me ntsis. Thaum hardened, cov nplaum yuav resistant mus ntev ya raws, kuab tshuaj, acids thiab kub heev. Epoxy nplaum tsis yog tsuas yog siv rau hauv cov ntoo xwb, tab sis kuj muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv, txawm tias nyuaj heev, xws li pob zeb, marble, ceramics, iav, hlau thiab yas tiv taus cua sov thiab lwm yam.

Cov nplaum no tau txais cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thaum muaj ntau yam khoom siv hluavtaws ntxiv rau lawv. Yog li, epoxy-phenolic kua nplaum yuav tiv taus kub txog 250°C; epoxy-silicone adhesives muaj cov neeg kho tshuab qis dua, tab sis tiv taus qhov kub ntawm 300 lossis 350 degrees Celsius. Epoxy - polyamide adhesives muab qhov kev sib txuas muaj zog tshaj plaws tab sis tsis tshua muaj kev tiv thaiv thaum koom nrog cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj dua li thaum koom nrog cov khoom siv tau yooj yim.

Yog tias cov khoom sib txuas tau npaj tau zoo, cov txiaj ntsig zoo tau txais: feem ntau, cov kua nplaum no tuaj yeem hloov vuam. Tsis txhob hnov ​​​​qab tias hauv kev tsim kho aeronautical, peb lub hlis twg ntawm cov khoom, txawm tias lawv yog ib feem ntawm cov qauv kev txhawb nqa, tau koom nrog cov nplaum, feem ntau yog cov nplaum epoxy.

Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau los txog kev hloov cov vuam thiab kev txhawb nqa tsis yog kev pom zoo tsim. Kev sib koom ua ke yuav tsum tau muab cov ntaub ntawv meej meej, kev npaj saum npoo, tswj kev kho, suav, kev sim thiab kev pom zoo rau ib daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.

Cyano-acrylic adhesives

Cyano-acrylic adhesives yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm zoo, rau kev kho me me ntawm txhua cov hlau, ntawm iav, roj hmab thiab yuav luag txhua hom yas (tshwj tsis yog polyethylene thiab qee yam acrylic resins). Thaum nws los txog rau gluing cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hom no, cyano-acrylic kua nplaum muaj qhov tshwj xeeb adhesiveness thiab siv tau tsawg heev: ib qho poob yog txaus rau thaj tsam ntawm 6 square centimeters. Tias yog vim li cas nws tau muag hauv cov pob me me, tab sis tus nqi kuj yog siab heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias khaws cia rau hauv chav sov, cov kua nplaum yuav kav ntev txog ib xyoos. Yog hais tias peb tso nws nyob rau hauv cov huab cua ntshiab, lub durability muaj xyaum tsis muaj kev txwv. Vim nws cov khoom, cyano-acrylic adhesives yog siv rau gluing cov khoom muaj nqis hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Lub zoo meej pob tshab thiab qhov ntsuas ntawm refraction, uas yog sib npaug rau iav, ua rau nws yog ib qho irreplaceable kua nplaum rau rov kho cov khoom siv lead ua tawg mus rau lawv lub xeev qub. Lwm qhov zoo dua nws muaj, thaum nws los txog rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov chaw me me, muaj nyob rau hauv kev ceev ntawm gluing, uas yog yuav luag instantaneous: nrog rau cov kua nplaum no, ob peb gluings yuav ua tau tam sim ntawd, ib tug tom qab lwm yam ntawm tib yam khoom.

Kev teeb tsa ceev ceev tuaj yeem ua rau daim tawv nqaij sai sai thiab ua rau lub qhov muag thiab ua pa hnyav heev. Tsis txhob coj lawv los ze ntawm koj lub ntsej muag, tsis txhob siv lawv yam tsis muaj cov lus qhia tam sim no thiab khaws lawv tawm ntawm qhov ncav cuag me nyuam; Yog tias raug, ua raws li daim ntawv lo thiab nrhiav kev pabcuam kws tshaj lij.

Cov nplaum tshwj xeeb

Thaum kawg muaj tag nrho cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas tsim los daws cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb kev sib txuas. Ntawm cov no peb nco qab txog cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov roj hmab hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic, cov kev daws teeb meem yooj yim lossis nrog cov khoom siv ntxiv, uas yog siv rau gluing qhov chaw ua los ntawm cov roj hmab, yas los yog cov yas hloov tau (polyethylene, nylon, Teflon thiab lwm yam). Nyob rau hauv lub version ntawm compact adhesives, lawv harden sai thiab yog siv los kho cov hlab puab raws li lawv resistant rau dabtsi yog khoov thiab dej. Adhesives ntawm hom no kuj haum rau gluing acrylic cov ntaub ntawv (plexiglass), raws li ib tug lwm txoj rau acrylic resin daws.

Lwm yam khoom tso cai rau peb los kho cov kev xav, ntaub plaub, hemp thiab paj rwb. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem koom nrog cov hems yam tsis tau xaws los yog lo rau lwm tus rau qhov chaw hnav ntawm cov ntaub li kev txhawb nqa. Cov kev kho zoo li no tseem tiv taus kev ntxuav thiab ironing. Txawm tias kho polystyrene ntawm ntoo, cardboard, hlau foils lossis ceramics, muaj cov kua nplaum tshwj xeeb. Kuj tseem muaj cov nplaum rau gluing cov ntawv ntawm PVC (polyvinyl chloride). Silicone kua nplaum yog siv los koom nrog cov tsom iav, uas yog elastic heev thiab muaj peev xwm tiv taus siab heev: nws yog siv, piv txwv li, hauv cov thoob dej yug ntses. Thaum peb xav paub txog cov txheej txheem ib ntus, peb kuj tuaj yeem siv cov kua nplaum uas muaj roj hmab, uas yog lub sijhawm ziab uas ntev heev. Vim tias nws tso cai rau cov khoom sib cais ntau zaus los kho lawv txoj haujlwm txheeb ze, nws tau siv ntau zaus hauv kev tshaj tawm xov xwm thiab xov xwm xov xwm. Lub npe hu ua “kua nplaum hauv daim kab xev” kuj tuaj yeem siv los txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov phab ntsa. Nws yog daim kab xev nplaum ntawm qee qhov tuab, uas nws cov tsos zoo li tar, uas tuaj yeem daig rau cov substrates sib txawv. Cov khoom uas peb xav kho yog nruj nreem nias rau ntawm daim kab xev thiab tseem ruaj khov rau ntawd. Hauv cov khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau cov khoom ua kua tshwj xeeb rau kev ua kom zoo dua ntawm cov roj hmab los yog tawv kis tau tus mob. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv tsheb lossis qee yam khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev.

Cov nplaum uas muaj npe “tshwj xeeb” yog li tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb rau thoob dej yug ntses, tsheb, khoom siv hluav taws xob, polystyrene lossis lwm yam kev siv rhiab heev. Kev sib raug zoo thiab kev pom zoo ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom yog xav tau rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb, thauj khoom, kub, noo noo thiab kev sib cuag nrog cov kab mob nyob.

Whales

Puts yog cov khoom nplaum ntawm qhov sib txawv, uas peb siv los sau thiab ua kom cov qhov los yog cov kab nrib pleb thiab uas ruaj khov rau cov khoom siv uas lawv tau thov. Qee zaum, lawv kuj tuaj yeem siv los sau cov pob qij txha ntawm cov khoom sib txawv thiab yog li pab txhawb kom tuav tau zoo ntawm kev sib koom tes.

Feem ntau, nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias feem ntau cov putties tau txais los ntawm cov nplaum tiag tiag thaum cov khoom tsim nyog inert thiab lwm yam ntxiv rau lawv. Qee lub sij hawm, txawm li cas los xij, cov nplaum nws tus kheej tuaj yeem ua haujlwm raws li lub putty, yog tias peb siv nws hauv cov txheej tuab. Yog li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas peb tau ua txog cov nplaum siv rau thiab siv rau whales thiab.

Traditional putties, uas yog ua los ntawm txhais tes siv linseed roj thiab muaj zog tus kws kho mob cov kua nplaum raws li ib tug khi, thiab kaolin hmoov raws li ib tug inert tshuaj, yog xyaum tsis siv lawm. Yog tias peb xav ua kom zoo nkauj qhov, kab nrib pleb thiab khawb ntawm cov ntoo, peb tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj txhuam tshwj xeeb rau cov ntoo ua los ntawm cov sawdust zoo tshaj plaws dispersed hauv acrylic binder. Peb siv nws ncaj qha los ntawm lub raj thiab nws yog ib qho kev hloov pauv zoo rau cov khoom siv ib txwm siv vim nws qhov zoo dua adhesion thiab kev ruaj khov (tsis hloov). Thaum hardened, nws tau txais lub cev zoo ib yam li ntoo thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav tib yam li ntoo. Qee lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv cov pob khoom ntawm qhov muab tshuaj txhuam no, peb kuj tuaj yeem pom cov xaum siv quav ciab uas peb ua kom zoo nkauj kho kom zoo nkauj, xyaum cov kab txaij, ntoo fibers.

Thiab cov kab nrib pleb ntawm cov hlau tuaj yeem patched, “welded” txias, siv cov khoom tsim nyog. Putty raws li acrylic resins thiab hlau thiab txhuas hmoov yog qhov zoo rau kev kho cov kab nrib pleb thiab qhov hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev, radiators, cov kav dej thiab cov kav dej. Thaum lub zog tshwj xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm kub ntau dua, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov kua lossis muab tshuaj txhuam raws li epoxy resins. Thaum lub putty hardens, peb tuaj yeem xuab zeb, laum, xov, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov chaw npaj kuj yog impermeable rau dej, resistant rau xeb thiab feem ntau cov tshuaj.

Tsis txhob kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis roj av, lub tshuab hluav taws xob, cov kav dej, tso tsheb hlau luam lossis qhov chaw siab raws li cov lus piav qhia keeb kwm no ib leeg. Cov tshuab no xav tau kev tshawb nrhiav qhov ua tsis tiav, cov khoom siv thiab cov txheej txheem pom zoo rau qhov tseeb qhov kub, siab thiab nruab nrab, nrog rau kev ua tau zoo thiab kev sim.

Rau sealing marble, cement, ceramics los yog cov yas tiv taus cua sov, ob lub ntsiab lus epoxy putties yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, lub putty ua tiav qhov kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo uas nws txawm tias dhau qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom siv nrog cov nplaum nplaum. Yog li, piv txwv li, ob daim hlau tawg, koom nrog cov khoom lag luam epoxy, tuaj yeem tom qab, yog tias tsim nyog, tawg ntawm txhua qhov chaw uas tsis yog raws li kev puas tsuaj yav dhau los.

Glazed nto ntawm cov khoom siv tu cev, cov vuas luaj ceramic lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev uas raug khawb lossis tawg los ntawm qee lub sijhawm tuaj yeem yooj yim coated nrog “dawb enamel” - cov kua dawb txheej - hauv qhov tsawg kawg nkaus. Nws yog ib yam khoom uas, ua tsaug rau nws cov tshuaj muaj zog, adheres zoo kawg nkaus rau du thiab tawv tawv, tseem tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm dej thiab cua sov, thiab tsis daj.

Rau kev kho cov khoom siv roj hmab thiab qhov chaw, muaj cov roj hmab hluavtaws hauv cov raj, xim dub thiab hauv daim ntawv muab tshuaj txhuam. Lawv tau siv rau qhov chaw huv thiab degreased, uas yav tas los roughened nrog sandpaper. Tom qab hardening, lub paste khaws nws yooj. Txij li thaum nws ua raws li qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom ntawm ib qho duab, nws yog qee zaum siv rau insulating tes thiab tes ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov tais diav.

Rau cov ntawv thov uas yuav tsum muaj qee yam elasticity, xws li, piv txwv li, thaum sau cov kab nrib pleb ntawm cov khoom tsim hauv phab ntsa thiab phab ntsa nws tus kheej, lossis cov yeeb nkab sib txuas, peb yuav tsum siv cov khoom siv silicone sealants. Cov no yog cov khoom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug muab tshuaj txhuam uas, vim hais tias ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm huab cua, sai sai tau thiab mus tas li khaws cia ceev ntawm roj hmab. Kev ntim khoom siv hauv tsev tso cai rau cov khoom siv tau yooj yim siv rau hauv txoj kab txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov xav tau tuab.

Solvents

Los ntawm lo lus hnyav peb txhais tau tias cov khoom uas tuaj yeem yaj lwm tus. Kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg tau mob siab rau ntau yam ntawm kev tshawb fawb no. Raws li txoj cai, nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias txhua yam khoom lossis tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj nws cov kuab tshuaj, uas tuaj yeem ua tau, pib los ntawm ib qho huab mus rau lwm qhov, dej lossis cov khoom sib xyaw uas nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom ntuj lossis hluavtaws. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau peb kom paub yuav ua li cas xaiv cov kuab tshuaj zoo rau cov tshuaj uas peb siv tshaj plaws: thinners rau txhua hom xim, kua roj vanish tshem tawm, softeners rau txhua hom adhesives, thiab lwm yam.

Rau qhov kev siv ntau tshaj plaws, xws li degreasing thiab tu, peb yuav tsum khaws ob peb hom kuab tshuaj hauv tsev uas tsis muaj sijhawm txwv. Cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab heev thiab muaj kuab lom ethyl cawv, uas peb tuaj yeem tau txais cov ntshiab (tsis muaj xim) lossis denatured (xim liab) roj hnyav, ntau cov kua nplaum ntuj thiab hluavtaws thiab qee cov kua roj vanish.

Ganzine, cov kuab tshuaj tsis muaj xim thiab muaj kuab lom, peb yuav siv nrog ceev faj thiab khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw cua, kom deb ntawm txhua qhov cua sov, vim tias tsis yog cov kua hluav taws xob nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj muaj cov vapors. Roj av yog ib qho hnyav hnyav rau cov xim, tar, roj stains. Nws kuj dissolves tag nrho cov roj hmab-raws li adhesives.

Trielin yog lub npe lag luam rau trichlorethylene - tshuaj lom neeg uas peb siv los yaj roj thiab roj thiab tuaj yeem hloov roj av hauv qhov chaw tu. Zoo li tag nrho cov kuab tshuaj chloride, nws muaj zog ntawm cov roj hmab thiab nws cov derivatives.

Ammonia yog cov kua tshuaj lom thiab corrosive nrog cov ntxhiab tsw muaj zog. Nws yog muag ntau dua los yog tsawg dua concentrated: lub zog tshaj concentrations dissolve varnishes. Nws yog ib qho tshuaj ntxuav tau zoo heev, vim tias nws hloov cov rog mus rau hauv cov dej soapy thiab zoo kawg nkaus degreases ntau yam ntaub ntawv.

Turpentine kuj yog cov kua uas muaj hluav taws kub heev uas peb yuav tsum khaws cia rau hauv lub raj mis los yog lub thawv tin, thiab hauv chav cua. Peb siv nws feem ntau rau thinning varnishes thiab tshuaj raws li siv quav ciab lossis roj hmab thiab tshem tawm cov stains los ntawm cov tshuaj no.

Acetone, cov kua ua kua thiab yooj yim volatile, yog nquag siv ntawm lacquers raws li nitrocellulose thiab ntawm tag nrho cov khoom cellulosic, nrog rau cov nplaum. Dissolves yuav luag tag nrho cov thermoplastic hluavtaws nplaum.

Cov lus qhia keeb kwm kom khaws cov kuab tshuaj hauv tsev yuav tsum tsis txhob ua raws. Tsis txhob siv roj av, trichlorethylene, ammonia, turpentine, acetone thiab cov khoom zoo sib xws rau kev ntxuav lossis degreasing yam tsis tau kuaj xyuas cov kev txwv tam sim no, cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb, kev tso cua thiab kev tiv thaiv zoo; Tsis txhob muab lawv tso rau hauv qhov tsis muaj cim lossis ntim khoom noj thiab khaws cia kom deb ntawm nplaim taws, taws, cua sov thiab cov neeg tsis tau tso cai.

• Piv txwv ntawm cov ntim nyias nyias los ntawm lub sij hawm cov ntawv luam tawm *

Lubricants

Qee lub roj yuav ib txwm tuaj yeem siv tau. Ib lub raj mis lossis cov roj lubrication tsis tshua muaj peev xwm yuav pab tau rau ntau lub sijhawm: txhawm rau txhawm rau lub tshuab xaws, squeaky hinges, ntxeem tau tooj liab “self-lubricating” bearings hauv qee cov khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab lwm yam. Yog tias peb sib tov dej nrog roj (nrog txog 15% roj), peb tau txais qhov zoo tshaj plaws coolant rau hlau drilling.

Vaseline yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lubrication tom qab ntxuav cov faucets ntawm cov neeg siv roj, thiab peb tuaj yeem siv nws hauv tsev rau hinges, fasteners, xauv thiab bolts.

Tsis txhob ntxuav, lubricate lossis disassemble faucets los yog lwm qhov chaw ntawm cov neeg siv roj raws li daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv no. Kev pabcuam ntawm cov khoom siv roj, xaiv cov roj nplua nyeem sib xws, kuaj xyuas thiab rov ua haujlwm rov ua haujlwm yog rau cov kev pabcuam tsim nyog.

Ib lub thawv roj tshwj xeeb rau cov kabmob pob kabmob yuav xav tau los lubricate cov kabmob no hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev, cov twj tso kua mis, thiab lwm yam.

Qee cov roj uas muaj roj tuaj yeem siv tau rau kev nplua, kev tuav cov chisels thiab riam riam ntawm lub pob zeb. Nrog rau kev sib xyaw ntawm cov roj no thiab cov roj, peb yuav tuaj yeem txav cov zawv zawg ntawm lub qhov rooj yam tsis muaj kev siv zog lossis squeaking. Nrog cov roj nws tus kheej, peb kuj tseem yuav lubricate cov pob khawm loj ntawm cov qhov muag tsis pom (shuckers) uas qhib sab nraud, lub rooj vag sab nraud ntawm lub vaj, chaw nres tsheb, thiab lwm yam.