Inothi elibalulekile lezempilo nokuphepha: Lona umbhalo wokufundisa ovela kungobo yomlando ovela2018. unyaka, futhi hhayi ukuhlolwa kwesitezi esikhona, ukucaciswa kwempahla noma imiyalelo yokuzibulala. Iphansi elidala, izinto zokunamathisela, okokunamathela, izinhlanganisela zokulinganisa kanye nezinto ezingaphansi zingaqukatha izinto eziyingozi; ngaphambi kokusika, ukugaya, ukushisa, ukushisa noma ukusebenzisa ama-solvents, kuyadingeka ukucacisa ngobuchwepheshe ukwakheka kwawo. Izinkuni ezihlaselwe ukhunta akufanele zishiswe ngokwalo mbhalo. Isizathu somswakama, ukuthwala umthamo we-substrate, ukuvikelwa kwezitho zokuphefumula, umoya omncane, ukuphepha komlilo kanye nokukhethwa kwezinto ezihambisanayo kufanele kunqunywe ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe ngokusho kwento ethize kanye nemithetho esebenzayo.
Ukulungiswa nokufakwa kwaphansi akuyona ingxenye yomnikelo omusha womphakathi we-Savo Kusić. Ukugxila kwamanje amafasitela ezingodo, amafasitela okhuni-aluminium kanye neminyango yangokwezifiso. Ngewindi noma iphrojekthi yomnyango, ungathumela isicelo sekhotheshini.
Umsebenzi wokubaza uyasebenza
Isisho esithi “Ngigugise imilenze yami” sivame ukusetshenziswa, kodwa empeleni akuvamile ukuthi imilenze iguge, kakhulukazi ama-pathos esihamba kuwo. Kodwa-ke, ukugqoka nokudilika kwe-pavement kanye ne-parquet akubangelwa nje ukuhamba kuyo, kodwa futhi nezinye izizathu eziningi. Ukuze ukwazi ukulungisa ngempumelelo amaphutha anjalo, kuyadingeka ukwazi - ngisho noma kuphela esithombeni - ukwakhiwa nokubunjwa kwama-pathos. Igama le-pathos elivame kakhulu yisikebhe noma i-Swedish floor.
Amabhodi ama-pathos abekwa kumata aphansi ngendlela yemishayo, futhi ngaphansi kwawo kunesisekelo se-pathos esendlaleni esisodwa noma ezimbili.
Amapulangwe aphansi angawodwana axhumene namanye anezindawo eziqondile ezixhumekayo, ezinamathanga, ulimi nomsele kanye nokufaka (fig. 1).
Isithombe 1 — Izindlela zokuxhuma amapulangwe e-pathos
Lapho ukhulisa ama-pathos, izinkuni ezitheleleke ngesikhunta kufanele ziniselwe, zihlukaniswe futhi, uma kungenzeka, zishiswe kamuva. Uma amabhodi ehle futhi sifuna ukuwasebenzisa futhi, khona-ke kufanele siqaphele ngenkathi siwaphakamisa ukuze singalimazi ohlangothini olungemuva ngezipikili. Ikakhulukazi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ungalimazi ama-grooves amabhodi ngoba ahlanganiswe nezipikili ezifihliwe. Singahlela izingxenye ezinamathiselwe ze-patos ukuze “ama-patches” abe ngaphansi kwefenisha. Uma ama-pathos egqoke kakhulu, ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kuyadingeka ukufaka esikhundleni sezingxenye ezigugile kuphela, kodwa futhi nendawo ezungezile.
Izinsolo zomlando zangaphambilini zokushiswa kwezinkuni ezigcwele isikhunta akumele zisebenze. Okokusebenza kufanele kuhlukaniswe futhi kulahlwe ngokuya ngokwahlulela kochwepheshe nemithetho yendawo, ngaphandle kokushiswa okungalawuleki.
Idekhi yesikebhe ye-softwood ingalungiswa kuphela ngamapulangwe anobubanzi obufanayo nalawo akhona futhi afakwe ngesixhumi. Uma kuphela amabhodi ngamanye adinga ukuguqulwa, khona-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi impahla inobubanzi obufanayo.
Ukuze ulungise, kufanele usebenzise amabhodi anobukhulu obuncane be5 cm. Izakhi ezisanda kufakwa kufanele futhi ziphumule kumata. Izingxenye ezilimele akufanele zisuswe ngeshizolo, kodwa ngokuphakanyiswa okuyingxenye, zinqunywe ngesaha (umkhiwane.2).
Isithombe2- Ukushintsha ingxenye yebhodi elimele ngesaha
Ama-pathos e-Swedish afana ne-pathos yomkhumbi, kodwa amapulangwe kuwo mafushane futhi afakwe ngokubopha, afana nodonga lwezitini. Ukuphakanyiswa nokulungiswa kwalezi zindlela kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nangezindlela zomkhumbi, neqiniso lokuthi izingxenye ezintsha kufanele zixhunywe komunye nomunye (fig. 3).
Isithombe 3 — Ukulungiswa kwendawo yase-Swedish
Iphansi le-Parquet
Izitezi ze-Parquet zifakwe nge-bonding ehlukene (ehambisana nodonga, i-oblique, eqoqwe ngonxande). Uma amabhodi efakwe ku-glue ebandayo noma eshisayo, khona-ke ahlanganiswa, futhi uma efakwe kumata kanye nesisekelo sebhodi ngokubethelwa, khona-ke alulimi kanye ne-groove noma ulimi kanye ne-groove (amabhodi ane-groove kuphela ahlanganiswe nokufakwa okuncane kokhuni), isithombe 4. Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, i-parquet isuswa nge-chisel ebukhali. Ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ukuze ungalimazi ama-grooves nezilimi lapho uphakamisa ulimi kanye nebhodi le-groove.
Isithombe 4 — Izindlela zokubeka phansi i-parquet
I-parquet enamathiselwe iphakanyiswa ngokusebenzisa itshiseli eduze kongqimba lweglue futhi ibhodi elingaphansi kuphela okufanele lonakale, kuyilapho ezinye izingxenye kufanele zihlale zingonakalisiwe.
Lapho kulungiswa, amapulangwe afakwe ngendlela efanayo ne-parquet yonke, kodwa lapho ufaka ipulangwe lokugcina, kuphela uhlangothi oluphambene ne-groove olubekwe emseleni, futhi isipikili esingenakhanda sishayelwa ohlangothini olungezansi lwepulangwe. Ohlangothini olunwetshiwe, kufanele unqume ulimi bese ugoqa ibhodi endaweni.
Amabhodi ashintshwa ngawodwana, kufanele akhishwe ngeshizolo. Ukufakwa kwamabhodi amasha kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningi:
- njengoba kuchazwe ngaphambilini,
- ngokususa uphaphe ohlangothini lwe-longitudinal kanye
- ngokusika ingxenye engezansi yohlangothi lwe-longitudinal grooved.
Parquet enento efakwayo ilungiswa ngendlela efanayo namapulangwe ngamanye, kodwa-ke akukho okufakiwe okudingekayo.
I-Parquet enamathiselwe ku-asphalt ingalungiswa kalula, ngoba amapulangwe abekwe eceleni kwelinye. I-Parquet ngendlela ye-mosaic ingalungiswa ngendlela efanayo, kuyadingeka ukususa ibhodi elilodwa kuphela nge-chisel, kanti abanye bangasuswa kalula.
Ukulungiswa kwezitezi ezifudumele sekuvele kulula kufanele kunikezwe uchwepheshe kubhekwe lokhu okulandelayo:
Ngesitezi se-magnesite, kuyadingeka ukumaka ingxenye ezolungiswa ngendlela efanele.
Imigqa yokuxhuma yezingxenye ezintsha noma ezintsha kufanele zakheke ngezikhala zokunweba.
Ngenxa yombala omnyama kanye nezakhiwo ezinwebekayo ze-bitumen emulsion floor, ukulungiswa nakho kungenziwa ezingxenyeni ezinkulu. Izingxenye ezintsha zingaxhunywa ngokuqondile kulezi ezikhona futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi umehluko phakathi kwezingxenye ezintsha nezindala uzonyamalala. Kungenzeka futhi ukulungisa izingxenye ezincane zezitezi eziqhubekayo ezenziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa, kodwa umkhondo wokulungisa uzohlala njalo. Kuyisixazululo esihle uma umonakalo ulungiswa ngento efanayo neyezendlalelo ezingezansi, bese kufakwa ungqimba olusha oluncane endaweni yonke, ngemva kokuhlanzwa okuphelele nokufakwa kwesihlabathi.
Izitezi ezinamathiselwe
Ngaphambi kokuphakamisa, ukusika, ukugcotshwa kwesihlabathi noma ukushisisa i-PVC endala, i-linoleum, iglue kanye ne-substrate, ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe kuyadingeka. Ungasebenzisi izinto ezincibilikisa endlini noma ukhethe into entsha enamathelayo kuphela ngokwalo mbhalo wengobo yomlando.
Isimo sithi sithandeka nakakhulu lapho kulungiswa i-PVC nephansi le-linoleum. Izimbangela zokulimala kwalezi ziphansi ngokuvamile ziyikhwalithi embi yeglue, ukulungiswa okungalungile kwe-substrate noma ukungahambisani nobuchwepheshe bokubeka. Isisekelo ngokuvamile sihluleka ngenxa yokuswakama ngokweqile noma indawo embi nengalingani lapho sibekwe khona. Uma ama-tile engakabi mdala ngokwanele ngaphambi kokunamathiselwa, amabhamuza angase avele kuwo noma imiphetho ingase iphakame.
Amabhamuza ngokuvamile azovela ngenxa:
- ukujiya okwedlulele kongqimba olunamathelayo (ngenxa yokuthi isincibilikisi sihwamuka kanzima),
- umsebenzi wokuqondanisa ongekho ngemva kokunamathisela kanye
- ukushoda noma ukushuba okunganele kongqimba olunamathelayo.
Ukuphakanyiswa kwaphansi okunamathiselwe kufanele kwenziwe ngesandla nangespatula. Ngemuva kokuphakamisa, umqulu kanye nesisekelo kufanele kuhlanzwe ngeglue nge-solvent kanye ne-spatula. Khona-ke udinga ukulungisa isisekelo. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ungqimba omncane wezinto zokwenziwa kuwo. Ngemva kokoma kwalesi sendlalelo, amathayili kufanele anamathiselwe futhi (fig. 5).
Isithombe 5 - Ukuphakamisa isembozo saphansi esinamathiselwe
Uma ulungisa izindawo ezincane, izingxenye ezilimele kufanele zivele zisikwe phansi. Izinto ezintsha ezizofakwa kufanele zibe nombala ofanayo, iphethini nogqinsi njengephansi elidala. Uma sisusa ingxenye enqunyiwe, kufanele sihlanze isisekelo kusuka ku-glue bese sibeka ucezu olusha oluncane kakhulu kunomdala. Lapho usikwa ngosayizi, izinhlangothi eziphambene kufanele zibethelwe okwesikhashana ukuze kuvinjelwe ukunyakaza. Ukusika kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngosizo lombusi ukuze ukubunjwa kube flat futhi ngaphandle kwezikhala. Ngemuva kokunamathisela, ucezu olusanda kufakwa kufanele lulayishwe ngesisindo lapho ibhodi le-veneer libekwe ngaphansi kwalo (umkhiwane 6).
Isithombe 6 — Ukulungiswa kwengxenye eyonakele ngokusika
Uma usikwa, amaphethelo amaphaneli amadala namasha kufanele abe nokugqagqana kokuthi 4-5 cm. Ngaphansi kwalesi simbozo, umugqa wensimbi, i-veneer noma i-moline enobubanzi obukhulu obungu-0,5 cm kufanele ubekwe esisekelweni. Ngaphezulu kwalesi siqeshana, ngosizo lombusi wensimbi, ibhodi elidala nelisha kufanele linqunywe ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, udinga ukukhipha i-tape yokusekela, usebenzise i-adhesive esisekelweni, ususe amateyipu anqunyiwe bese unamathisela amapuleti endaweni. Ngendlela efanayo, okhaphethi abasuka odongeni kuya odongeni (»tapisons», »itisoni«, njll.) banamathelisiwe.
Izinto zokunamathisela ezifanele ze-linoleum, amabhodi enjoloba kanye nezitezi ze-PVC zingatholakala ezitolo ezinemiyalo efanele yokusebenzisa.