Chidziwitso chofunikira pazaumoyo ndi chitetezo: Ili ndi nkhani yophunzitsa zakale yochokera2018. chaka, osati kuwunika kwa pansi komwe kulipo, mfundo zakuthupi kapena malangizo odzipha. Pansi zakale, zomatira, zokutira, zomangira ndi zomangira pansi zimatha kukhala ndi zida zowopsa; musanadulire, kugaya, kutentha, kuwotcha kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira, ndikofunikira kudziwa mwaukadaulo zomwe zikuchokera. Mitengo yomwe yakhudzidwa ndi bowa sayenera kutenthedwa molingana ndi lembali. Chifukwa cha chinyezi, kunyamula mphamvu ya gawo lapansi, chitetezo cha ziwalo zopuma, mpweya wabwino, chitetezo cha moto ndi kusankha zipangizo zogwirizana ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi akatswiri oyenerera malinga ndi chinthu chenichenicho ndi malamulo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kukonza ndi kukhazikitsa pansi si gawo lazoperekedwa ndi Savo Kusić. Zomwe zikuchitika pano ndi mazenera amatabwa, mazenera a matabwa a aluminiyamu ndi zitseko. Pazenera kapena polojekiti ya pakhomo, mutha kutumiza pempho la mtengo.

Ukalipentala womanga umagwira ntchito

Mawu oti “Ndatopa miyendo” nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma kwenikweni ndi kaŵirikaŵiri kuti miyendo imatha, makamaka njira zomwe timayendamo. Komabe, kuvala ndi kung’ambika kwa miyala ndi parquet sikungoyenda kokha, komanso pazifukwa zina zambiri. Kuti muthe kukonza bwino zolakwa zoterezi, m’pofunika kudziwa - ngakhale kuchokera pa chithunzi - kumanga ndi kupanga ma pathos. Dzina la njira zodziwika bwino ndi bwato kapena Swedish pansi.

Mamatabwa opangira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amaikidwa pamphasa ngati matabwa, ndipo pansi pawo pali tsinde la njira imodzi kapena ziwiri.

Mabwalo apansi pawokha amalumikizidwa ndi malo olumikizirana owongoka, okhala ndi miyendo, lilime ndi popopo komanso zolowetsa (mkuyu 1).

Zithunzi za kujowina matabwa apansi, okhala ndi kupindika, lilime ndi popopo kapena kulowetsa

Chithunzi 1 - Njira zolumikidzira matabwa a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda

Pomwetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nkhuni zomwe zili ndi bowa ziyenera kuthiriridwa, kuzilekanitsa ndipo, ngati n’kotheka, kuziwotchedwa pambuyo pake. Ngati matabwa ali abwino ndipo tikufuna kuwagwiritsanso ntchito, ndiye kuti tiyenera kusamala pamene tikukweza kuti tisawononge mbali yakumbuyo ndi misomali. Makamaka, kusamala kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti asawononge ma grooves a matabwa chifukwa amamangiriridwa ndi misomali yobisika. Titha kuyika zigamba za patos kuti “zigamba” zikhale pansi pa mipando. Ngati ma pathos atavala, panthawi yokonza m’pofunika kusintha osati mbali zowonongeka, komanso malo ozungulira.

Nkhani ya m’mbuyomu yoyaka nkhuni zodzala ndi bowa siziyenera kuchitika. Zinthuzo ziyenera kulekanitsidwa ndikutayidwa molingana ndi kuweruza kwa akatswiri komanso malamulo akumaloko, osawotchedwa mosalamulirika.

Boti la softwood lingakonzedwe kokha ndi matabwa omwe ali ofanana ndi omwe alipo ndipo amaikidwa ndi cholumikizira. Ngati matabwa okha akuyenera kusinthidwa, ndiye kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti zinthuzo zikhale zofanana.

Pakuti kukonza, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa ndi makulidwe osachepera5 cm. Zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kumene ziyeneranso kukhala pamphasa. Zigawo zowonongeka siziyenera kuchotsedwa ndi chisel, koma ndi kukweza pang’ono, kudula ndi macheka (mkuyu.2).

Kujambula kukweza thabwa lapansi lowonongeka ndi mphero ndikudula ndi macheka pamwamba pa chothandizira

Chithunzi2- Kusintha mbali yowonongeka ya bolodi ndi macheka

Njira za ku Sweden ndizofanana ndi zombo zapamadzi, koma matabwa omwe ali mkati mwake ndi aafupi ndipo amaikidwa ndi kumangirira, mofanana ndi khoma la njerwa. Kukweza ndi kukonzanso njirazi kumachitidwa mofanana ndi njira za sitimayo, ndi mfundo yakuti zigawo zatsopano ziyenera kulumikizidwa wina ndi mzake (mkuyu 3).

Kujambula kwa makonzedwe olumikizidwa a matabwa aafupi pokonza pansi ku Sweden

Chithunzi 3 - Kukonza pansi ku Sweden

Parquet pansi

Parquet pansi amayikidwa ndi zomangira zosiyana (zofanana ndi khoma, oblique, m’magulu amakona anayi). Ngati matabwa aikidwa mu guluu wozizira kapena wotentha, ndiye kuti amapangidwa ndi nkhunda, ndipo ngati atayikidwa pamphasa ndi pazitsulo zamatabwa, ndiye kuti ndi lilime ndi poyambira kapena lilime ndi poyambira (matabwa omwe ali ndi poyambira amamangiriridwa ndi matabwa ang’onoang’ono), chithunzi 4. Panthawi yokonza, parquet imachotsedwa ndi chisel chakuthwa. Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa kuti musawononge ma grooves ndi malirime pamene mukukweza lilime ndi groove board.

Zojambula zamalumikizidwe osiyanasiyana ndi njira zoyikira ma parquet board

*Chithunzi 4 - Njira zoyalira pansi *

Parquet yokhala ndi zomatira imakwezedwa poyendetsa tchizi motsatira guluu wosanjikiza ndipo pansi ndi pansi ndikuyenera kuwonongeka, pomwe mbali zina ziyenera kukhala zosawonongeka.

Pokonza, matabwa amaikidwa mofanana ndi parquet yonse, koma poika thabwa lomaliza, mbali yokhayo yodutsa ndi groove imayikidwa mu groove, ndipo msomali wopanda mutu umakhomeredwa pansi pa thabwa. Pa mbali yowonjezera, muyenera kudula lilime ndikumenyetsa bolodi pamalo ake.

Mabodi omwe amasinthidwa payekhapayekha, achotsedwe ndi kachipangizo. Kuyika matabwa atsopano kutha kuchitika m’njira zingapo:

- monga tafotokozera kale,

- pochotsa nthenga kumbali yautali ndi

- podula mbali yapansi ya mbali ya longitudinal grooved.

Parquet yokhala ndi choyikapo imakonzedwa mofanana ndi matabwa amtundu uliwonse, koma ndithudi palibe zoikamo zomwe zimafunika.

Parquet yokhala ndi phula imatha kukonzedwa mosavuta, chifukwa matabwa amangoyikidwa pafupi ndi mzake. Parquet mu mawonekedwe a mosaic akhoza kukonzedwanso chimodzimodzi, m’pofunika kuchotsa bolodi limodzi lokha ndi chisel, ndipo ena akhoza kuchotsedwa mosavuta.

Kukonza malo ofunda ndi osavuta kale kuyenera kuperekedwa kwa katswiri pokumbukira zotsatirazi:

Ndi pansi pa maginito, ndikofunikira kuyika chizindikiro kuti ikonzedwe bwino.

Mizere yolumikizira ya magawo atsopano kapena atsopano iyenera kupangidwa ndi mipata yowonjezera.

Chifukwa cha mdima wandiweyani komanso zotanuka za emulsion ya phula, kukonzanso kungathenso kuchitidwa pazigawo zazikulu. Ziwalo zatsopano zimatha kulumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi zomwe zilipo kale ndipo pakapita nthawi kusiyana pakati pa zatsopano ndi zakale zidzatha. N’zothekanso kukonzanso magawo ang’onoang’ono a pansi mosalekeza opangidwa ndi zipangizo zopangira, koma kufufuza kwa kukonza kudzakhalabe. Ndilo yankho labwino ngati zowonongekazo zikukonzedwanso ndi zinthu zomwezo monga zigawo zapansi, ndiye kuti nsalu yatsopano yopyapyala imayikidwa pamtunda wonse, pambuyo poyeretsa bwino ndi mchenga.

Pansi zomatira

Musananyamule, kudula, mchenga kapena kutenthetsa PVC yakale, linoleum, guluu ndi gawo lapansi, kufufuza kwaukadaulo kumafunika. Osagwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira m’nyumba kapena kusankha zomatira zatsopano malinga ndi zomwe zasungidwa zakalezi.

Zinthu zili bwino pokonza PVC ndi pansi pa linoleum. Zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa pansizi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosauka bwino za guluu, kukonzekera kosayenera kwa gawo lapansi kapena kusagwirizana ndi ukadaulo woyika. Maziko nthawi zambiri amalephera chifukwa cha chinyezi chambiri kapena malo opanda pake komanso osalingana pomwe amayikidwa. Ngati matailosi sanakwanitse gluing, thovu akhoza kuonekera pa iwo kapena m’mphepete akhoza kuwuka.

Mathovu amathanso kuchitika chifukwa cha:

- makulidwe ochulukirapo a zomatira (chifukwa chomwe chosungunulira chimatuluka mwamphamvu),

- kusowa kwa kuyimitsidwa pambuyo pa kusisita ndi

- kusowa kapena kusakwanira makulidwe a zomatira.

Kukweza pansi zomatira kuyenera kuchitika ndi dzanja ndi spatula. Pambuyo pokweza, mpukutuwo ndi maziko ake ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi guluu ndi zosungunulira ndi spatula. Ndiye muyenera kukonza maziko. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito wosanjikiza woonda wa zinthu kupanga pa izo. Mukaumitsa wosanjikizawu, matailosi ayenera kumamatidwanso (mkuyu 5).

Kujambula kukweza chophimba pansi chomatidwa ndi spatula ndikuyeretsa gawo lapansi

Chithunzi 5 - Kukweza zokutira pansi zomatira

Pokonza madera ang’onoang’ono, zoonongeka ziyenera kudulidwa pansi. Zatsopano zomwe zidzayikidwe ziyenera kukhala ndi mtundu, chitsanzo ndi makulidwe ofanana ndi pansi zakale. Tikachotsa gawo lodulidwa, tiyenera kuyeretsa maziko kuchokera ku guluu ndikuyika chidutswa chatsopano chomwe chimakhala chachikulu pang’ono kuposa chakale. Podula kukula, mbali zosiyana ziyenera kukhomeredwa kwakanthawi kuti zisasunthe. Kudula kuyenera kuchitidwa nthawi zonse mothandizidwa ndi wolamulira kuti zolembazo zikhale zopanda mipata. Pambuyo pa gluing, chidutswa chatsopanocho chiyenera kunyamulidwa ndi kulemera komwe matabwa a veneer amaikidwa (mkuyu 6).

Kujambula ndi kuyika chidutswa chatsopano cha zokutira pansi pamalo owonongeka

Chithunzi 6 - Kukonza gawo lowonongeka podula

Podula, m’mphepete mwa mapanelo akale ndi atsopano akuyenera kukhala ndi kuphatikizika kwa 4-5 cm. Pansi pa chivundikirochi, mzere wachitsulo, veneer kapena moline wokhala ndi m’lifupi mwake 0,5 cm ​​uyenera kuyikidwa pamunsi. Pamwamba pa mzerewu, mothandizidwa ndi wolamulira wachitsulo, bolodi yakale ndi yatsopano iyenera kudulidwa nthawi imodzi. Pambuyo pake, muyenera kutulutsa tepi yothandizira, gwiritsani ntchito zomatira kumunsi, chotsani matepi odulidwa ndikumatira mbalezo. Mofananamo, makapeti a khoma ndi khoma (»tapini», »itisoni«, ndi zina zotero) amamatidwa.

Zomatira zoyenera za linoleum, matabwa a rabara ndi pansi pa PVC zitha kupezeka m’masitolo ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito.