Inqaku elibalulekileyo lezempilo nokhuseleko: Esi sisicatshulwa semfundo yoovimba esivela2018. unyaka, kwaye hayi uvavanyo lomgangatho okhoyo, inkcazo yempahla okanye imiyalelo yokuzenzela. Imigangatho emidala, i-adhesives, i-coatings, i-level compounds kunye ne-underlays ingaba nezinto ezinobungozi; Ngaphambi kokusika, ukugaya, ukufudumeza, ukutshisa okanye ukusebenzisa i-solvents, kuyimfuneko ukugqiba ngobungcali ukubunjwa kwazo. Iinkuni ezichatshazelwe kukungunda akufuneki zitshiswe ngokwalo mbhalo. Isizathu somswakama, ukuthwala amandla e-substrate, ukukhuselwa kwezitho zokuphefumula, ukungena komoya, ukhuseleko lomlilo kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto ezihambelanayo kufuneka kugqitywe ziingcali ezifanelekileyo ngokwento ethile kunye nemithetho esebenzayo.
Ukulungiswa kunye nokufakwa kwemigangatho akuyonxalenye yesibonelelo esitsha sikawonke-wonke se-Savo Kusić. Ujoliso lwangoku lu iifestile zamaplanga, iifestile zomthi-aluminiyam kunye neminyango yesiko. Kwifestile okanye iprojekthi yocango, ungathumela isicelo socaphulo.
umsebenzi wokuchwela umsebenzi
Intetho ethi “Ndiyigqibile imilenze yam” idla ngokusetyenziswa, kodwa enyanisweni kunqabile kakhulu ukuba imilenze iguge, ngakumbi iindlela esihamba kuzo. Nangona kunjalo, ukugqoka kunye nokukrazula kwe-pavement kunye ne-parquet akubangelwa nje ukuhamba kuyo, kodwa kunye nezinye izizathu ezininzi. Ukuze ukwazi ukulungisa ngempumelelo iimpazamo ezinjalo, kuyimfuneko ukwazi - nokuba kuphela kumfanekiso - ukwakhiwa kunye nokubunjwa kweepathos. Igama leendlela eziqhelekileyo zesikhephe okanye umgangatho waseSweden.
Iibhodi zeepathos zibekwe kwimigangatho yomgangatho ngendlela yeeplanga, kwaye phantsi kwazo kukho isiseko se-pathos kuluhlu olunye okanye ezimbini.
Iibhodi zomgangatho zomntu ngamnye ziqhagamshelwe enye kwenye ngemiphezulu edityanisiweyo ethe tye, ngomlenze, ngolwimi kunye negroove kunye nokufaka (fig. 1).
Umfanekiso 1 — Iindlela zokudibanisa iiplanga zepathos
Xa ukhulisa iipathos, iinkuni ezosulelwe ngumngundo kufuneka zinkcenkceshelwe, zohlulwe kwaye, ukuba kuyenzeka, zitshiswe kamva. Ukuba iibhodi zilungile kwaye sifuna ukuzisebenzisa kwakhona, ngoko kufuneka siqaphele ngelixa siphakamisa ukuze singonakalisi ngasemva ngezipikili. Ngokukodwa, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ungonakalisi i-grooves yeebhodi kuba zifakwe ngezikhonkwane ezifihliweyo. Sinokucwangcisa iindawo ezifakwe kwi-patos ukwenzela ukuba “ii-patches” zibe phantsi kwefenitshala. Ukuba i-pathos igugile, ngexesha lokulungiswa kuyimfuneko ukutshintshela kungekhona nje iindawo ezigugileyo, kodwa kunye nomhlaba ojikelezayo.
Isityholo sembali sangaphambili sokutsha kweenkuni ezihlaselwe ngumngundo masingasebenzi. Izinto eziphathekayo kufuneka zihlulwe kwaye zilahlwe ngokwemigaqo yengcali kunye nemithetho yendawo, ngaphandle kokutshisa okungalawulwayo.
Idekhi yesikhephe se-softwood inokulungiswa kuphela ngamaplanga anobubanzi obufanayo nobo bukhoyo kwaye afakwe ngesiqhagamshelo. Ukuba kuphela iibhodi zodwa kufuneka zitshintshwe, ngoko kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zinobubanzi obufanayo.
Ukulungisa, kufuneka usebenzise iibhodi ezinobunzima obuncinci5 cm. Izinto ezisanda kufakwa kufuneka ziphumle kwiimethi. Iindawo ezonakalisiweyo akufanele zisuswe ngetshisel, kodwa ngokuphakamisa inxalenye, zinqunywe ngesarha (umkhiwane.2).
Umfanekiso2— Ukutshintsha indawo eyonakalisiweyo yebhodi ngesarha
I-pathos yaseSweden ifana neenqanawa zenqanawa, kodwa iiplanga ezikuyo zifutshane kwaye zifakwe ngokubopha, zifana nodonga lwezitena. Ukuphakanyiswa kunye nokulungiswa kwale pathos kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo kunye neepathos zenqanawa, kunye nenyaniso yokuba iindawo ezintsha kufuneka zixhunywe omnye komnye (umzobo 3).
Umfanekiso 3 — Ukulungiswa komgangatho waseSweden
Imigangatho yeParquet
Imigangatho yeParquet ifakwe kunye ne-bonding eyahlukileyo (ihambelana nodonga, i-oblique, ihlanganiswe ngamaxande). Ukuba iibhodi zifakwe kwi-glue ebandayo okanye eshushu, ngoko ke i-dovetailed, kwaye ukuba ifakwe kwi-mats kunye nesiseko sebhodi nge-nailing, ngoko ke lulwimi kunye ne-groove okanye ulwimi kunye ne-groove (iibhodi kuphela nge-groove zifakwe ngokufaka amaplanga amancinci), umfanekiso 4. Ngethuba lokulungiswa, i-parquet isuswe nge-chisel ebukhali. Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe ukuba ingonakalisi i-grooves kunye neelwimi xa uphakamisa ulwimi kunye nebhodi ye-groove.
Umfanekiso 4 — Iindlela zokubeka imigangatho yeparquet
Iparquet eGlukiweyo iphakanyiswa ngokuqhuba itshizi ecaleni komgangatho weglu kwaye yibhodi esezantsi kuphela ekufuneka yonakaliswe, ngelixa ezinye iindawo kufuneka zihlale zingonakali.
Xa kulungiswa, iiplanga zifakwe ngendlela efanayo ne-parquet yonke, kodwa xa ufaka iplanga yokugqibela, kuphela i-transverse side kunye ne-groove ifakwe kwi-groove, kwaye isikhonkwane esingenaso intloko siqhutyelwa kwicala elingezantsi leplanga. Kwicala elongeziweyo, kufuneka unqumle ulwimi kwaye udibanise ibhodi kwindawo.
Iibhodi ezitshintshwa ngokwazo, kufuneka zisuswe ngetshizili. Ufakelo lweebhodi ezintsha lunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi:
- njengoko bekuchaziwe ngaphambili,
- ngokususa intsiba kwicala le-longitudinal kunye
- ngokusika indawo esezantsi yecala le-longitudinal grooved.
I-Parquet ene-insert ilungiswa ngendlela efanayo njengeeplanga ezizimeleyo, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo akukho kufakwa okufunekayo.
I-Parquet encanyathiselwe kwi-asphalt inokulungiswa ngokulula kakhulu, kuba iiplanga zibekwe nje ecaleni kwenye. I-Parquet ngendlela ye-mosaic inokulungiswa ngendlela efanayo, kuyimfuneko ukususa ibhodi enye kuphela nge-chisel, kwaye abanye banokususwa ngokulula.
Ukulungiswa kwemigangatho efudumeleyo sele kulula kakhulu kufuneka kunikezelwe kwingcaphephe kuthathelwa ingqalelo oku kulandelayo:
Ngomgangatho we-magnesite, kuyimfuneko ukuphawula inxalenye yokulungiswa kwiimilo ezichanekileyo.
Imigca yoqhagamshelo yamalungu amatsha okanye amatsha kufuneka yenziwe kunye nezikhewu zokwandiswa.
Ngenxa yombala omnyama kunye neempawu ze-elastic ze-bitumen emulsion floors, ukulungiswa kunokuqhutyelwa kwiindawo ezinkulu. Amalungu amatsha anokunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo nalawo akhoyo kwaye ekuhambeni kwexesha umahluko phakathi kwamalungu amatsha namadala uya kunyamalala. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukulungisa iindawo ezincinci zemigangatho eqhubekayo eyenziwe ngezinto ezifakelweyo, kodwa umkhondo wokulungiswa uya kuhlala uhlala. Isisombululo esihle ukuba umonakalo ulungiswa ngezinto ezifanayo kunye neengqimba ezisezantsi, emva koko umgca omtsha omncinci usetyenziswe kuwo wonke umhlaba, emva kokucoca ngokucokisekileyo kunye nesanti.
Imigangatho encangathi
Ngaphambi kokuphakamisa, ukusika, ukutshiza okanye ukufudumeza i-PVC endala, i-linoleum, i-glue kunye ne-substrate, uviwo lobuchwephesha bezinto eziphathekayo luyafuneka. Sukusebenzisa izinyibilikisi ngaphakathi okanye ukhethe into entsha encamathelayo kuphela ngokwalo mbhalo wogcino lwazi.
Imeko ithandeka ngakumbi xa kulungiswa iPVC kunye nemigangatho yelinoliyam. Izizathu zomonakalo kule migangatho zidla ngokuba ngumgangatho ombi weglue, ukulungiswa okungafanelekanga kwe-substrate okanye ukungathobeli iteknoloji yokubeka. Isiseko sihlala sisilela ngenxa yokufuma okugqithisileyo okanye indawo engekho mgangathweni kunye nokungalinganiyo apho sibekwe khona. Ukuba iileyile azizange zikhule ngokwaneleyo ngaphambi kokuba zidibanise, iibhubhu zinokuvela kuzo okanye imiphetho ingaphakama.
Amaqamza aqhele ukwenzeka ngenxa:
- ubukhulu obugqithisileyo bomgangatho wokuncamathelisa (ngenxa yokuba i-solvent iqhuma nzima),
- akukho msebenzi wolungelelwaniso emva kokuncamathisela kunye
- ukungabikho okanye ukutyeba okunganelanga komgangatho wokuncamathelisa.
Ukuphakanyiswa kwemigangatho edibeneyo kufuneka kwenziwe ngesandla kunye ne-spatula. Emva kokuphakamisa, umqulu kunye nesiseko kufuneka zihlanjululwe ngeglue kunye ne-solvent kunye ne-spatula. Emva koko kufuneka ulungise isiseko. Kungcono ukusebenzisa umaleko omncinci wezinto zokwenziwa kuyo. Emva kokumiswa kolu luhlu, iileyile kufuneka ziphinde zifakwe iglu (umkhiwane 5).
Umfanekiso 5 — Ukuphakamisa isigqubuthelo somgangatho esincamatheleyo
Xa ulungisa iindawo ezincinci, iindawo ezonakalisiweyo kufuneka zivele zisikwe phantsi. Izinto ezintsha eziza kufakwa kufuneka zibe nombala ofanayo, ipateni kunye nobukhulu njengomgangatho omdala. Xa sisusa isahlulo esinqunyiweyo, kufuneka sihlambulule isiseko kwi-glue kwaye sibeke isiqwenga esitsha esincinci kunomdala. Xa usika ubungakanani, amacala achaseneyo kufuneka abethelelwe okwethutyana ukuthintela ukunyakaza. Ukusika kufuneka kuhlale kusenziwa ngoncedo lomlawuli ukwenzela ukuba ukubunjwa kube flat kwaye ngaphandle kwezikhala. Emva kwe-gluing, isiqwenga esitsha esifakwe kufuneka silayishwe ngobunzima phantsi kwebhodi ye-veneer (umkhiwane 6)
Umfanekiso 6 — Ukulungiswa kwendawo eyonakalisiweyo ngokusika
Xa usika, imida yeepaneli ezindala kunye nezitsha kufuneka zibe ne-overlap ye-4-5 cm. Ngaphantsi kwesi sigqubuthelo, umtya wentsimbi, i-veneer okanye i-moline enobubanzi obukhulu be-0,5 cm kufuneka ibekwe kwisiseko. Ngaphezulu kolu luhlu, ngoncedo lomlawuli wensimbi, ibhodi endala kunye nentsha kufuneka inqunywe ngexesha elifanayo. Emva koko, kufuneka ukhuphe i-tape exhasayo, sebenzisa i-adhesive kwisiseko, susa iiteyipu ezisikiweyo kwaye unamathele iiplate kwindawo. Ngendlela efanayo, iikhaphethi ezisuka eludongeni ukuya eludongeni (»tapions», »itisoni«, njl. njl.) zincanyathiselwe.
Izinto zokuncamathelisa ezifanelekileyo kwilinoliyam, iibhodi zerabha kunye nemigangatho yePVC zinokufumaneka kwiivenkile ezinemiyalelo efanelekileyo yokusetyenziswa.