Okuqukethwe Kwengcweti Yengobo yomlando: i-athikili igcina i-akhawunti yomlando yobuchwepheshe be-CLT kanye nezimangalo ezivela embhalweni wokuqala. Akuyona idizayini yesakhiwo, ubufakazi bomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo noma ukumelana nomlilo, ukucaciswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, isilinganiso sezindleko noma imiyalelo yokwakha. Ukukhethwa kwesistimu, ukubala, ukuvikela umlilo nomswakama, ukuxhuma, ezokuthutha kanye nokuhlanganisa kufanele kunqunywe abaklami abagunyaziwe kanye nosonkontileka abaqeqeshiwe ngokuvumelana nesakhiwo esithile kanye nemithethonqubo esebenzayo.
Namuhla, i-Savo Kusić igxile emafasiteleni okhuni, amafasitela okhuni-aluminium, amafasitela ngokwezifiso, umnyango kanye nezicelo zekhotheshini. Lesi sihloko sihlala siyingobo yomlando yobuchwepheshe futhi asimeleli ukunikezwa kokuklama noma ukwenza ukwakhiwa kwe-CLT.
Yini i-CLT
CLT (Cross Laminated Timber) imele amaphaneli okhuni anamathelwe ezendlalelo eziningi, okungukuthi izingodo eziphambanayo. Amaphaneli akhiwe ngezingqimba zokhuni ezinamathiselwe, lapho isendlalelo ngasinye esilandelayo siwela khona futhi sinanyathiselwe nge-engeli engu-90º ngokuhlobene nedlule. Ngokuvamile, inani eliyinqaba lezendlalelo liyananyathiselwa, kuyilapho ngenombolo elinganayo, izendlalelo zibekwe ngendlela yokuthi zinikeze ukucushwa okulinganayo.
Izici zephaneli ziyashintsha kuye ngendawo nesiqondiso sesenzo samandla. Embhalweni wokuqala, kushiwo ukuthi ukuphambana kwezingqimba kuvumela amandla ukuba azuzwe kuzo zombili izinkomba. Ukuze uthole imibuzo mayelana nomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo, ukuphepha nokuziphatha emlilweni, bheka futhi isihloko sengobo yomlando ehlobene Izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe bokwakha ngamaphaneli okhuni anezendlalelo eziningi.
Ukuthuthukiswa nokusabalala kobuchwepheshe
Ngokombhalo wangempela, lolu hlobo lokwakha lwaqala ukukhula ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, lapho ochwepheshe bokwakha baseJalimane nase-Austrian bebona amandla akho. Kakade 2000. Ngo-2010, i-CLT yaqala ukusetshenziswa kabanzi eYurophu, kusukela ezindlini zomndeni owodwa kuya kumabhilidi anezitezi eziningi zokuhlala nezohwebo. Ekuqaleni kwe-2015. , i-CLT ijoyine I-National Design Specification for Timber Structures (NDS), njengoba kushiwo kumthombo womlando.
Isihloko sokuqala siphinde sidingide inani lemfucuza eyakhiwayo, nesitatimende sokuthi i-Brazil ikhiqiza 50% ukuya ku-70% yenani likadoti oqinile okhiqizwa ezweni. Lesi simangalo sethulwe njengezinsolo zomlando futhi asikaze siqinisekiswe ngokuzimele lapha.
CLT ichazwa embhalweni ngokuqina, ukuzinza, ukuguquguquka nokusimama.
Iphaneli iqukethe amabhodi okhuni anezendlalelo eziningi, futhi ungqimba ngalunye lwengezwa kowangaphambili ngokuphambana, nge-engeli engu-90º. I-athikili yasekuqaleni ithi ukuqoqwa kwezendlalelo nge-engeli ethile kunikeza amandla adingekayo nokuthi i-slab ewumphumela ingangena esikhundleni sokwakhiwa kukakhonkolo. Isitatimende esinjalo asisona isikhundla somklamo wendawo yonke: ukusetshenziswa kunqunywa ukubalwa kwalo lonke uhlelo, ukuxhumana nezimo zesikhungo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamaphaneli e-CLT
Umbhalo womthombo uchaza i-CLT njengensiza evuselelekayo futhi ucaphuna ukusetshenziswa kwangaphambili kokhuni kwingqalasizinda nokusekelwa ezindaweni ezinkulu zokwakha, ukwakhiwa kwamabhuloho okuhlanganisa, nezisekelo zemishini esindayo endaweni engazinzile. Amandla wamaphaneli ezakhiweni ahlobene nokubukeka namandla esakhiwo, futhi ucaphuna izakhiwo ze-CLT ezinezitezi eziningi njengesibonelo.
Amaphaneli e-CLT angaba nendima yezindonga, phansi, ophahleni nophahla, futhi umbhalo wokuqala ubuye ukhulume nefenisha. Ubukhulu nobude bulungiswa ngokuya ngezidingo zephrojekthi. Amaphaneli ahlanganiswa futhi asikwe ekukhiqizeni, lapho ukuvuleka kanye nokuhlanganisa kulungiswa khona ngokusho kwephrojekthi, bese izingxenye zihanjiswa endaweni yomhlangano.
I-athikili icaphuna isitatimende sika-Sivil Lagrah Makad, uzakwethu ku-Mapa, ukuthi ibhodi eliqinile lento eyodwa linganciphisa isidingo sokumboza okwengeziwe lapho kufunwa isiphetho esibonakalayo. Umbhalo ube usukhuluma ngokusebenza kokuvikela amanzi obala ukuze kugcinwe uhlamvu olubonakalayo lokhuni. Uhlelo oluqondile lokuvikela alukhethwa ngomthetho ojwayelekile, kodwa ngokuklama ngokomzimba kwesakhiwo, imininingwane yokuxhumana kanye nemikhiqizo emenyezelwe.
Idizayini, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokuhlanganisa
I-athikili yoqobo ichaza ukuhlanganiswa kwamaphrojekthi amancane e-CLT njengenqubo engathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa, kuyilapho izakhiwo zithatha isikhathi eside. Inqubo yethulwa ishesha futhi yomile, inodoti omncane ongagaywa kabusha. Umlayezo udluliselwe nokuthi isikhathi esengeziwe sokuklama singanciphisa umsebenzi esakhiweni. Ubude besikhathi sokwakha, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi, i-ecology nezindleko eziphezulu zempahla kushiwo njengezici zokukhetha isistimu.
Ukufakwa kwamaphaneli amakhulu kuhlanganisa ukusebenza ngemithwalo esindayo, ama-cranes, ukwesekwa kwesikhashana nokusebenza endaweni ephakeme. Uhlelo lokuphakamisa, ukuzinza phakathi nazo zonke izigaba, ukuvikelwa ekwindla, izimo zezulu nezindawo okungafinyelelwa kuzo kufanele kube yingxenye yohlelo lokufaka oluchwepheshile.
