Zomwe Katswiri Wosungira Zakale: Nkhaniyi ikusunga mbiri yakale yaukadaulo wa CLT ndi zonena kuchokera kumawu oyamba. Sizopangidwa mwamapangidwe, umboni wa mphamvu yonyamula katundu kapena kukana moto, mawonekedwe azinthu, kuyerekezera mtengo kapena malangizo omanga. Kusankha kwamakina, kuwerengera, kuteteza moto ndi chinyezi, kulumikizana, zoyendera ndi kusonkhana ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi opanga ovomerezeka ndi makontrakitala oyenerera malinga ndi nyumbayo ndi malamulo omwe akugwira ntchito.
Masiku ano, Savo Kusić amayang’ana kwambiri mazenera amatabwa, mazenera a matabwa a aluminiyamu, mazenera amwambo, khomo ndi zopempha za mawu. Nkhaniyi imakhalabe ngati mbiri yakale ndipo siyikuyimira mwayi wopanga kapena kupanga CLT.
CLT
CLT (Cross Laminated Timber) imayimira mapanelo amatabwa amitundu yambiri, mwachitsanzo matabwa opingasa. Mapanelo amapangidwa ndi matabwa omatira, pomwe gawo lililonse lotsatira limawoloka ndikumata pakona ya 90º molingana ndi yam’mbuyomu. Nthawi zambiri, zigawo zingapo zosawerengeka zimamatiridwa, pomwe ndi nambala yofananira, zigawozo zimayikidwa m’njira yopereka masinthidwe ofananira.
Makhalidwe a gululo amasintha kutengera malo ndi komwe akukakamiza. M’malemba oyambirira, akunenedwa kuti kuwoloka kwa zigawo kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu zitheke kumbali zonse ziwiri. Pamafunso okhudzana ndi kunyamula katundu, chitetezo ndi machitidwe pamoto, onaninso nkhani yosungiramo zakale yofananira Ubwino waukadaulo wa zomangamanga wokhala ndi mapanelo amatabwa amitundu yambiri.
Kukula ndi kufalikira kwaukadaulo
Molingana ndi zolemba zoyambirira, mtundu uwu wa zomangamanga unayamba kupangidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma makumi asanu ndi anayi, pamene akatswiri a zomangamanga ku Germany ndi ku Austria anazindikira kuthekera kwake. Kale 2000. Mu 2010, CLT inalowa ntchito yaikulu ku Ulaya, kuchokera ku nyumba za banja limodzi kupita ku nyumba zogona komanso zamalonda. Kumayambiriro kwa 2015. , CLT idalowa nawo mu National Design Specification for Timber Structures (NDS), monga tafotokozera m’mbiri yakale.
Nkhani yoyambirira ikufotokozanso kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zomwe zimamangidwa, ndi mawu akuti Brazil imapanga 50% mpaka 70% ya zinyalala zonse zolimba zomwe zimapangidwa mdziko muno. Izi zikunenedwa ngati mbiri yakale ndipo sizinatsimikizidwe paokha pano.
CLT yafotokozedwa m’mawuwa chifukwa cha kulimba, kukhazikika, kusinthasintha komanso kusasunthika.
Gululi limapangidwa ndi matabwa a matabwa okhala ndi magulu angapo, ndipo gawo lililonse limawonjezedwa ku lam’mbuyo mopingasa, pamakona a 90º. Nkhani yoyambirira imanena kuti kusanjika kwa zigawo pamakona ena kumapereka mphamvu zofunikira komanso kuti slab yomwe imachokera imatha kulowa m’malo mwa konkriti. Mawu oterowo sali choloŵa mmalo mwa chilengedwe chonse: kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuwerengera kwa dongosolo lonse, maulumikizidwe ndi malo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mapanelo a CLT
Malemba oyambilira amafotokoza CLT ngati chinthu chongongowonjezwdwanso ndipo amatchulapo kale momwe matabwawo amagwiritsidwira ntchito pomanga ndikuthandizira malo akulu omangira, zomangira milatho, komanso zothandizira makina olemera m’malo osakhazikika. Kuthekera kwa mapanelo pazomangamanga kumakhudzana ndi mawonekedwe ndi mphamvu zamapangidwe, ndipo akupereka fanizo la nyumba za CLT zansanjika zambiri.
CLT mapanelo amatha kugwira ntchito ngati makoma, pansi, madenga ndi madenga, ndipo zolemba zoyambirira zimatchulanso mipando. Makulidwe ndi kutalika kumasinthidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za polojekiti. Mapanelo amasonkhanitsidwa ndikudulidwa kuti apange, pomwe zotsegula ndi zolumikizira zimakonzedwa molingana ndi pulojekitiyo, kenako zigawozo zimatumizidwa kumalo ochitira msonkhano.
Nkhaniyi ikutiuza mawu a Sivil Lagrah Makad, mnzake wapakampani ya Mapa, kuti bolodi lolimba lachinthu chimodzi litha kuchepetsa kufunikira kovala kowonjezera pomwe chomaliza chowoneka chimafunidwa. Kenako lembalo limatchula za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka kutsekereza madzi oonekera kuti asunge njere yooneka ya nkhuni. Dongosolo loyenera lachitetezo silimasankhidwa ndi lamulo wamba, koma ndi kapangidwe ka nyumbayo, tsatanetsatane wa kulumikizana ndi zinthu zomwe zalengezedwa.
Kupanga, kupanga ndi kusonkhanitsa
Nkhani yoyamba ikufotokoza kusonkhanitsidwa kwa mapulojekiti ang’onoang’ono a CLT ngati njira yomwe ingatenge masiku angapo, pomwe nyumba zimatenga nthawi yayitali. Njirayi imawonetsedwa mwachangu komanso yowuma, yopanda zinyalala zochepa zomwe zitha kubwezeretsedwanso. Uthengawu unaperekedwanso kuti nthawi yambiri yokonza mapulani ingachepetse ntchito yomanga. Kutalika kwa nthawi yomanga, kuwongolera bwino, zachilengedwe komanso kukwera mtengo kwazinthu kumatchulidwa ngati zinthu zopangira makina.
Kuyika mapanelo akuluakulu kumaphatikizapo kugwira ntchito ndi katundu wolemetsa, ma cranes, chithandizo chanthawi yochepa komanso kugwira ntchito pamtunda. Dongosolo lonyamulira, kukhazikika pamagawo onse, kuteteza kugwa, nyengo komanso malo osafikirako ziyenera kukhala gawo la pulani yoyika akatswiri.
