Archival Nyanzvi Yemukati: chinyorwa chinochengetedza nhoroondo yenhoroondo yeCLT tekinoroji uye zvinoda kubva muzvinyorwa zvekutanga. Haisi dhizaini yekugadzira, humbowo hwekutakura mutoro kana kuramba moto, kutsanangurwa kwezvinhu, mutengo wekufungidzira kana mirairo yekuvaka. Kusarudzwa kweSistimu, kuverenga, kudzivirira moto uye hunyoro, kubatanidza, kutakurwa uye kusangana kunofanirwa kutariswa nevagadziri vane mvumo uye vanogadzira makondirakiti vanokwanisa zvinoenderana nechivakwa chaicho uye mirau inoshanda.
Nhasi, Savo Kusić inotarisa pa mahwindo emapuranga, wood-aluminium Mahwindo, mahwindo etsika, gonhi uye zvikumbiro zvekotesheni Ichi chinyorwa chinoramba chiri chehunyanzvi hwekuchengetedza uye hachimiriri chipo chekugadzira kana kuita CLT zvivakwa.
Chii chinonzi CLT
CLT (Cross Laminated Timber) inomirira mapaneru emapuranga ane matanda akawanda, kureva matanda akachinjika. Iwo mapaneru anoumbwa nematanda akanamirwa akaturikidzana, apo rimwe nerimwe rinotevera rinochinjika uye rinonamirwa pakona ye 90º maererano neyakapfuura. Kazhinji, nhamba isinganzwisisike yezvikamu zvakanamirwa, nepo nenhamba yakaenzana, iwo akaiswa akaiswa nenzira yekupa symmetrical configuration.
Hunhu hwepanera hunochinja zvichienderana nenzvimbo uye negwara rekuita kwechisimba. Muzvinyorwa zvepakutanga, zvinonzi kuyambuka kwezvikamu kunobvumira simba kuti riwanikwe kumativi ose maviri. Pamibvunzo pamusoro pekutakura mitoro, kuchengetedzeka uye maitiro mumoto, onawo chinyorwa chine hukama mudura Zvakanakira tekinoroji yekuvaka ine mapaneru emapuranga akanamirwa akawanda.
Kubudirira uye kupararira kwehunyanzvi
Maererano nezvinyorwa zvekutanga, rudzi urwu rwekuvaka rwakatanga kukura mukutanga kwemakumi mapfumbamwe, apo nyanzvi dzekuvaka dzeGerman neAustria dzakaziva kugona kwayo. Yatova 2000. Muna 2010, CLT yakapinda kushandiswa kwakakura muEurope, kubva kudzimba dzemhuri imwe kusvika kune dzakawanda-storey dzimba dzekugara uye dzekutengesa. Pakutanga kwe 2015. , CLT yakabatana neNational Design Specification yeTimber Structures (NDS), sezvakataurwa munhoroondo sosi.
Chinyorwa chepakutanga chinokurukurawo huwandu hwemarara mukuvaka, nemashoko anoti Brazil inogadzira 50% kusvika 70% yemarara akaomarara anogadzirwa munyika. Kupomerwa uku kunopihwa senyaya yezvakaitika kare uye hakuna kusimbiswa kwakazvimirira pano.
CLT inotsanangurwa muchinyorwa kuburikidza nekusimba, kugadzikana, kuita zvakasiyana-siyana uye kuenderera mberi.
Iyo pani ine akawanda-layer akanamirwa mapuranga emapuranga, uye yega yega inowedzerwa kune yakapfuura yakachinjika, pakona ye 90º. Chinyorwa chepakutanga chinoti kuunganidzwa kwezvikamu pane imwe kona kunopa simba rinodiwa uye kuti inoguma slab inogona kutsiva kuvaka kongiri. Chirevo chakadaro hachisi chepasirese dhizaini chinotsiva: iko kushandiswa kunotarirwa nekuverenga kwehurongwa hwese, kubatana uye mamiriro enzvimbo.
Kushandiswa kweCLT mapaneru
Mavara ekutanga anotsanangura CLT sechinhu chinogonesa kushandiswa uye chinodudza kushandiswa kwehuni kwekutanga kwezvivakwa nerutsigiro panzvimbo huru dzekuvaka, maumbirwo ekugadzira mabhiriji, uye zvitsigiro zvemichina inorema panzvimbo isina kugadzikana. Iko kugona kwemapanera muzvivakwa kune chekuita nechitarisiko uye kusimba kwechimiro, uye anotaura ane nhurikidzwa dzakawanda dzeCLT zvivakwa semuenzaniso.
CLT mapaneru anogona kuita basa remadziro, pasi, sirin’i uye matenga, uye manyoro ekutanga anotaurawo fenicha. Ukobvu uye kureba zvinogadziriswa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zveprojekiti. Iwo mapaneru anounganidzwa uye anochekwa mukugadzirwa, uko kuvhurwa uye majoini zvinogadzirwa zvinoenderana neprojekiti, uye ipapo zvikamu zvinotakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo yegungano.
Chinyorwa chinoshuma chirevo chaSivil Lagrah Makad, mushandirwi mukambani Mapa, kuti bhodhi rakasimba rechinhu chimwe chete rinogona kuderedza kudiwa kwekuwedzera kupfekedzwa kana nzvimbo yekupedzisa inooneka ichidikanwa. Rugwaro rwacho rwunobva rwataura kushandiswa kwekudzivirira mvura kwakajeka kuitira kuchengetedza tsanga inooneka yehuni. Iyo chaiyo yekudzivirira sisitimu haina kusarudzwa nemutemo wakajairwa, asi nechimiro chechimiro chechivako, ruzivo rwekubatana uye zvigadzirwa zvakaziviswa.
Dhizaini, kugadzira uye kusangana
Chinyorwa chepakutanga chinotsanangura kuunganidzwa kwezvirongwa zvidiki zveCLT senzira inogona kutora mazuva akati wandei, uku zvivakwa zvichitora nguva yakareba. Iyo nzira inoratidzwa nekukurumidza uye yakaoma, isina tsvina shoma inogona kushandiswa zvakare. Shoko rakaziviswawo kuti nguva yakawanda mukugadzira inogona kuderedza basa panzvimbo yokuvaka. Nguva yekuvaka, kutonga kwemhando, ecology uye mutengo wepamusoro wezvinhu zvinotaurwa sezvinhu zvekusarudza sisitimu.
Kuiswa kwemapaneru makuru kunosanganisira kushanda nemitoro inorema, cranes, rubatsiro rwenguva pfupi uye kushanda pakukwirira. Chirongwa chekusimudza, kugadzikana panguva dzese nhanho, kuchengetedzwa kwekudonha, mamiriro ekunze uye nzvimbo dzekusapinda dzinofanirwa kuve chikamu cheunyanzvi hwekuisa chirongwa.
