Amaplanga kunye neemveliso zawo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino kunye nolwakhiwo lwasekuhlaleni. Izakhiwo ze-Prefab, izakhiwo zobunjineli bokwakha, izakhiwo ezincamathelisiweyo, iimveliso kunye nezinto, iimveliso zokuchwela, i-parquet, iibhodi zomgangatho, izinto zokufakelwa kwe-thermal, i-glued kunye ne-cut plywood, iibhodi zokuchwela, i-shingles yophahla, iibhloko zokhuni ze-cobblestones, njl.
Umthi ongqukuva weentlobo ze-coniferous
Injongo, iintlobo zokhuni kunye neeklasi ezisemgangathweni
Imithi ejikelezileyo yeConiferous, esetyenziselwa ngaphandle kokusikwa kwexesha elide kwaye yenzelwe ukwakhiwa kwemizi-mveliso, yoluntu kunye nomgaqo kaloliwe, ukwakha iibhulorho, iimfumba, ukwakhiwa kunye nokulungisa iinqanawa zokhuni, iipali zomnxeba kunye netelegraph, iipali zemigca yebhloko, imigca yombane kunye nonxibelelwano lonxibelelwano lombane, umzila kaloliwe ombane, i-sp. fir.
Ngokomgangatho womthi, ukhuni luhlulwe lube ziindidi ezintathu: I, II kunye neIII.
Kumsebenzi wokwakha, kubandakanywa nokwakhiwa kweebhulorho, izigodo ezijikelezayo zazo zontathu iiklasi zisetyenziswa, ngokuqhelekileyo zityebile kunoko12 cm, kunye nobude4ukuya9 m.
Kwiimfumba, iiklasi zokhuni ezingqukuva kunye nobukhulu ziyasetyenziswa18 cmnangaphezulu, ngobude6,5ukuya8,5 m. Iimfumba zeebhulorho zikaloliwe kufuneka zenziwe zeklasi I iinkuni ezingqukuva, kunye nobunzima22ukuya24 cm, ubude6,5kwaye8,5kwaye ukusuka10ukuya16 m, ngokunyuka kwe1 m. Isiqwenga esingqukuva kufuneka sibe nobude obugqithisileyo5ukuya10 cm. Izigodo ezingqukuva kwiibhulorho zikaloliwe kufuneka zincothulwe.
Umgangatho wokwakhiwa okujikelezayo, onikezelwa kwiimfuno zokwakha, kufuneka unqunywe ngokwemiqathango yangoku.
Imilinganiselo ye-coniferous roundwood ngokwenjongo
| Injongo | Iklasi | Ukutyeba | Ubude | Isicelo esongezelelweyo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imisebenzi yokwakha kunye neebhulorho | I, II kunye ne-III Nge-12 cm | 4 ukuya 9 m | — | |
| Iimfumba zeebhulorho zikaloliwe | Kwaye | 22 ukuya 24 cm | 6,5 m, 8,5 m kunye 10 ukuya 16 m, ngokunyuka kwe-1 m | Ubude obugqithisileyo 5ukuya ku-10 cm; ixotyiwe |
Ulwakhiwo lwamaplanga angqukuva eentlobo ngeentlobo zamagqabi
Ukwakha amaplanga angqukuva eentlobo zemithi enamagqabi enziwe nge aspen, poplar, linden, alder, birch kunye ne beech.
Ukwahlula ngokwemilinganiselo
| Uhlobo | Ukutyeba phezulu ekupheleni | Yandisa |
|---|---|---|
| Ukwakhiwa kweenkuni ezingqukuva | 12 cm kunye nokunye | Ngu 1 cm |
| Iklasi yobukhulu besibini | 8–11 cm | Ngu 1 cm |
| Ukuxhela | 3–7 cm | Ngu 1 cm |
Ngokomgangatho womthi, iinkuni ezingqukuva zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini: I kunye ne-II*. Imithi yeklasi ye-II isetyenziselwa ikakhulu kwizakhiwo zexeshana kunye nezokuncedisa. Ubude bokwakha bumiselwa ngu-3 m ngaphezulu, ngokunyuka ngo-0,25 m. Amaplanga kufuneka abe nobude obugqithisileyo 3 - 7 cm.
Amaplanga ajikelezayo eentlobo zamagqabi eziziswe kwiinkampani nakwiziza zokwakha phakathi ko-1 mJulayi no-1 kufuneka acocwe amaxolo. Ukongeza koku, kufuneka icocwe iintsalela zamasebe kwaye ilinganiswe ngomphezulu womthi, kwaye ubuso bayo busikwe kwii-engile ezichanekileyo ukuya kwi-axis ye-longitudinal kunye nokutenxa okuvumelekileyo kwe-0,1 ubukhulu bobuso obusikiweyo.
Umthi ongqukuva weplanga elisarhiweyo
Izigodo ze-saw ezivela kwipine, i-spruce, i-larch, imisedare kunye ne-fir zisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwemithi ye-sawn yeentlobo ze-coniferous, ezisetyenziswa kwishishini kunye nokwakhiwa. Ubude bezigodo apho iinkuni ezisarhiweyo ezisetyenziswa kushishino kunye nolwakhiwo zenziwe ukusuka 3,0 ukuya 7,5 m ngokunyuka kwe-0,25 m; ukuvelisa amaplanga akhethekileyo asarha ukusuka 3,7 ukuya 8,5 m ngokunyuka kwe-0,3 m. I-oblovina nganye kufuneka ibe nobude obungaphezulu kwe-5 ukuya ku-10 cm. Ubukhulu becala elingqukuva kwibunzi eliphezulu limiselwa 14 cm ukuya ngaphezulu ngokunyuka ngo-2 cm.
Ngokomgangatho womthi, iinkuni ezingqukuva zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezintathu: I, II kunye ne III.
Izigodo kufuneka zihlanjululwe kwiintsalela zamasebe kwaye zilinganiswe kunye nomphezulu, kwaye ubuso babo bunqunywe kwi-angle echanekileyo ukuya kwi-axis ye-longitudinal yelogi kunye nokuphambuka okukhulu ukusuka kwi-angle elungileyo ye-0,1 ububanzi bobuso. Amahlumelo akhula xa kusenziwa imithi ehlathini kufuneka inqunyulwe.
Umthi ongqukuva uziswa kwileyile enexolo.
Imilinganiselo yezigodo zamaplanga asarha
| Injongo | Ubude | Ukwandisa | Ububanzi kwibunzi eliphezulu | Ubude obugqithisileyo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amaplanga asarhiweyo oshishino nolwakhiwo | 3,0 ukuya 7,5 m | Ngu 0,25 m | 14 cm nangaphezulu, ikhula ngo-2 cm | 5 ukuya 10 cm |
| Amaplanga asesahliweyo akhethekileyo | 3,7 ukuya 8,5 m | Ngu 0,3 m | 14 cm nangaphezulu, ikhula ngo-2 cm | 5 ukuya 10 cm |
iinkuni zomthi
Ukuveliswa kweeplanga, iiplanga kunye neentambo zeentlobo zomthi onzima, ezisetyenziselwa ubude obupheleleyo, kunye neziqwenga ezisikiweyo zokwenziwa kwamalungu ngamnye kuzo zonke iintlobo zeemveliso zemizi-mveliso, ngaphandle kwamaplanga enziwe ngesarha ngenjongo ekhethekileyo kunye nemithi ye-sawn yoshishino lweenqwelo-moya, apho kukho imigangatho ekhethekileyo, iinkuni zeentlobo zokhuni zisetyenziswa.
Izigodo zenziwe ngemithi: i-oki, umlotha, i-beech, i-birch, i-chub, i-hornbeam kunye ne-elm. Ubungakanani belogi bumiselwa ukusuka 1 ukuya 6,5 m ngokunyuka ukusuka 0,1 m. Ilog nganye mayibe nobude obungaphezulu kwe-3 ukuya ku-7 cm.
Imilinganiselo yeelogi ngobunzima inqunywe ngu-14 cm ebusweni obuphezulu ngokunyuka kwe-1 cm.
| Ipropati | Ixabiso |
|---|---|
| Ubude belog | 1 ukuya 6,5 m |
| Ukwandisa ubude | Ngu 0,1 m |
| Ubude obugqithisileyo | 3 ukuya 7 cm |
| Ukutyeba kwibunzi eliphezulu | 14 cm kunye nokunye |
| Ukwandisa ubukhulu | Ngu 1 cm |
Ngokomgangatho wokhuni, izigodo zihlulwe zibe ziindidi ezintathu: I, II kunye ne III. Izigodo zenziwe ngamaxolo. Kufuneka bahlambuluke kwiintsalela zamasebe ukuya kumphezulu womthi, kwaye ibunzi labo lisikwe kwii-angles ezichanekileyo kwi-axis longitudinal. I-bevel evumelekileyo yokusikwa ukusuka kwi-angle efanelekileyo kufuneka ingabi ngaphezu kwe-0,1 ububanzi be-cut end.