Inqaku elinguvimba: Isicatshulwa sigcina amabango embali kunye namanani asuka kwinqaku lokuqala. Azikhange zijongwe ngoontanga kwaye aziyimeli iprojekthi yangoku, ubalo olungatshintshiyo, iinkcukacha zomlilo, ukubhengezwa kokusingqongileyo okanye uqikelelo lweendleko. Kwisicelo esithile, imimiselo esebenzayo, amaxwebhu omenzi kunye neengcali ezifanelekileyo ezigunyazisiweyo ziyafuneka.
Iipaneli ze-CLT kunye noyilo lwezakhiwo ze-CLT aziboniswa njengenxalenye yokunikezelwa koluntu lwangoku lwe-Savo Kusić. Ugqaliselo lwangoku lu iifestile zesiqhelo kunye neengcango.
Kwinqaku elidlulileyo “Ubuchwephesha obutsha bokwakha - CLT” sakwazisa ngesiseko solwakhiwo lwe-CLT, kwaye kulo mbhalo siya kudwelisa iingenelo ezintandathu ezisisiseko ezinikezelwa yi-CLT yobunjineli.
Kwasekuqaleni, siya kukhankanya ukuba yonke ingenelo ifanele ingqalelo yaye ngalo lonke ufundisiso lwale ntsimi, iingenelo zikhula iiyure ngeyure. Nangona kunjalo, siza kuqaqambisa okwangoku 6 ezona zicacileyo.
Itekhnoloji yeepaneli zokhuni ezinamaplanga ancanyatheliswe ngamaplanga abonisa eyona teknoloji yanamhlanje kwaye into eya kuxatyiswa kakhulu kwixesha elizayo. Fumana ngezantsi ukuba i-CLT iyafikeleleka kuphela kubantu abaneepokotho ezinzulu.
I-Advanteji 1 -Uzinzo
Ukuqina komthi sele kwaziwa kakhulu, kodwa akukubi ukuyiphinda. Imithi isebenza njengesiponji esifunxa ikharbon diokside emoyeni. Ngoxa ufunxa ikharbon diokside, lo mthi ngaxeshanye ukhuphela ioksijini emoyeni. Emva kokuba iinkuni “zifunxa” ikhabhoni, kamva zikhutshwa emthini kuphela xa zoma ngokwemvelo okanye ukuba zitshisiwe. Xa iinkuni zicutshungulwa ngoomatshini, ikharbon diokside ivaleleka kwinto ebunjiweyo.
Ngokusebenzisa iimveliso zomthi oqinileyo wokwakha, izinto ziya kunciphisa ikharbon diokside:
- 1m3 CLT iiphaneli ziya kususa 0.8 iitoni zekharbon dayokhsayidi kwi-atmosfera, ngoko ke 1m3 CLT panels ziya kuba nomndilili we-240 ukuya 250kg carbon dioxide kuzo
- Ukuveliswa kwesamente kubangela ukukhutshwa kwe-870kg carbon dioxide ngetoni yesamente (“Ishishini lesamente linendima ebalulekileyo ekutshintsheni kwemozulu”, uGqr. Robert McCaffrey wemagazini ethi “Cement kunye ne lime”.
- Imveliso yesamente idala malunga 1.75 neetoni zokukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside ngetoni nganye yentsimbi eveliswayo (The Carbon Trust)
- Igranular slag (umxube oqhelekileyo we-40-50%) unokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside, kodwa malunga 100-130kg ngetoni nganye (Ecocem)
Iiphaneli zomthi ze-CLT zinokuveliswa kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji engcolisekileyo ephantsi, amandla aphantsi ngokwentelekiso, amanzi amatsha amancinci kunye neepesenti zero zenkunkuma kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa.
I-advanteji 2 -Ukuqina kolwakhiwo
Iiphaneli ezincamathelayo ezininzi zolwakhiwo zingasetyenziselwa izinto zokwakha (iindonga, imigangatho, uphahla) okanye njengenxalenye yezakhiwo ezixubeneyo, kwaye ngenxa yenkqubo yokuvelisa “i-lamination yokuhombisa”, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuvelise iiphaneli ezizinzile ezinobungakanani beemilo ezahlukeneyo ezibukekayo. Ukuqina okuphezulu kweepaneli kunika ukuqina okuphawulekayo kunye nezinto zodonga ezinokwandiswa njenge-cantilevers. Izakhono zesakhiwo seepaneli zomhlobiso ezenziwe nge-laminated zifana nezo zekhonkrithi kwaye zingasetyenziselwa izicelo ezifanayo.
Enye yeenkxalabo ezinkulu kubasebenzisi bokugqibela abaneemveliso zomthi oqinileyo kunye nokwakhiwa kwamaplanga anqamlezileyo ngumlilo. Uloyiko kukuba isakhiwo esenziwe ngamaplanga siya kutsha ngokupheleleyo ukuba kukho umlilo, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo, yinkuni; kanye njengoko iglasi iya kunyibilika, kanye njengokuba ikhonkrithi iya kuqhekeka. Umbuzo obalulekileyo ngokwenene ukuqikelelwa kwezinto ezivuthayo kunye nexesha elingakanani elinokutshisa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa iimpawu zayo. Ukhuni luqikeleleka kakhulu emlilweni - umaleko wangaphandle wephaneli yamaplanga anqamlezileyo uya kubamba umlilo kuqala, emva koko wakhe umaleko wokugquma obonelela 30,60 okanye imizuzu engaphezulu yokumelana nomlilo, ngokuxhomekeke kwinani kunye nobukhulu bendawo yolawulo.
I-Advanteji 3- Iindlela ezilula zokwakha
CLT zibandakanyiwe kwitekhnoloji ye-MMC ngenxa yenkqubo yokwakha elula nekhawulezayo. Iipaneli zixhotyiswe kakhulu ngee-self-tapping wood screws kunye nenkxaso yentsimbi, ekhawuleza kakhulu inkqubo xa kuthelekiswa nezinto zokwakha zendabuko. Ividiyo http://youtu.be/bURy80-ZE7Y ibonisa ulwakhiwo lwendlu yokuhlala yabucala eHighgate (eUnited Kingdom) ephuhliswe ngu-“BLISS” kusetyenziswa iiphaneli zeCLT ezibonelelwa ngu-“KLH UK”. Ngenxa yokunyamezelana okulungileyo kweephaneli ezenziwe kumzi-mveliso, ukutywinwa oko kukuthi. ukunyanzeliswa komoya phakathi kwamalungu kunokufezekiswa nge-foam yangaphambili kunye / okanye i-tape ekhethekileyo ehlanganiswe phezu kwamalungu angaphandle. Njengoko zidityanisiwe, iipaneli ze-laminated zibonelela ngokukhawuleza ngento eyomileyo, enokumelana nemozulu ngaphandle kweepropu zexeshana. Oku kunika umaleko ongaphandle okhuselayo osebenza njengeqokobhe elinokuthintela amanzi ngokukhawuleza. Iipaneli ze-CLT zinokuhanjiswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugqiba, ngoko umthengi unethuba lokukhetha ukuba ufuna indawo ekhupha imbonakalo yendalo yokhuni, okanye ukuba udonga luya kugutyungelwa ngenye into. Njengoko iipaneli zenziwe ukulinganisa kumzi-mveliso, inkunkuma kwindawo yofakelo incinci kwaye inkqubo yokwakha izolile kwaye icocekile kunye nezixhobo ezincinci kunye nezixhobo xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zokwakha zendabuko. Ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo ye-CLT kuxhasa ukuvunywa kweekontraka.
I-Advanteji 4 - Ukugcina Imali
Iindleko zokwakha isakhiwo usebenzisa iteknoloji yepaneli ye-CLT kufuneka ijongwe kumxholo obanzi kunye nexesha elide. Yintoni enikezelwa ngokubalwa kwangoku kolwakhiwo, ngexesha lokuxhaphazwa kwesakhiwo, iba lubalo oluhlanjululwe kakuhle kakhulu kumsebenzisi. Ugcino lweendleko ngolu lwakhiwo lufumaneka kubo bonke ubomi beprojekthi eyakhiweyo. Isantya sokwakha sinciphisa inkqubo yokwakha iyonke, nto leyo ephumela ekunciphiseni umsebenzi wokuqala wekontraka, inciphisa iindleko zekontraka kwaye ithobe iindleko zokwakha kumxhasi wokugqibela. Ukucuthwa kweendleko zokwakhiwa kweprojekthi zizonke kusekelwe koku:
- Ubunzima obungaphantsi kolwakhiwo luphela lubangela ulwakhiwo oluthe kratya lwezoqoqosho/uyilo lwesiseko (ikhonkrithi encinci)
- Ukucwangcisa kunokukhawuleziswa; umzekelo iifestile zinoku-odolwa kwangaphambili njengoko kukho iqondo eliphezulu lokuchaneka okubonelelwa ngokuchaneka kwe-CNC yokusika
I-Advanteji ye-5 - Ukugcina ixesha
Njengoko sele kuchaziwe, isantya esisebenzayo sokwakhiwa kwezi panels zokhuni sinokuqinisekisa ukonga ixesha elibalulekileyo kwiprojekthi. Njengezinto ezenziwe kwiifektri, azifuni ezinye izinto ngexesha lokwakha, ngoko ke bambalwa abantu ababandakanyekayo ekwakhiweni, kwaye iipaneli ze-CLT zifika kwindawo elungele ukuhlanganisana. Olu londolozo lulandelayo luyafezekiswa:
- Iinkonzo zokwakha - malunga 30-50% ngokukhawuleza
- Ukufakwa kweefestile kunye neengcango- 20-30% ngokukhawuleza
- Ukuhlohla- 20-30% ngokukhawuleza
I-Advanteji ye-6 - Ububhetyebhetye boyilo
Iindlela apho iipaneli ze-CLT zinokusikwa kwaye zihanjiswe ngendlela zivumela ukuguquguquka okukhulu koyilo kunye nenkululeko yoyilo.
Ukuze kusetyenziswe amandla amakhulu e-CLT, kubalulekile ukuba ube noyilo olucacileyo olusayinwe kwangaphambili ngumthengi kunye neqela lonke loyilo, kuba ukucaca kunye nokuchaneka kwesicwangciso seprojekthi ngokwayo (ukulungiselela) kubaluleke kakhulu njengokwakhiwa ngokwawo.
Ukhuni luyinto ekulula ukusetyenzwa ngayo, kwaye oomatshini banamhlanje be-CNC babonelela ngokusetyenzwa okufanayo kwezinto ezifanelekileyo kunye neegophe, ngendlela abayili kunye nabayili bezakhiwo abacinga ngayo.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngaphezulu kwe-280 yezindlu ezinjalo sele zakhiwe eGreat Britain. Ekubeni ulwazi lweengcamango ezinjalo luye lwakhula kwiminyaka yamuva, ezininzi iinkampani ziye zaphuhliswa ezenza olu hlobo lwezinto. Umyili wezakhiwo u-Alek de Rijke uthi: “Ukuba 19. inkulungwane yayiyinkulungwane yentsimbi, 20. inkulungwane yekhonkrithi, ngoko 21. inkulungwane inxulumene nokwakha ngomthi”.