Masiku ano, Savo Kusić amayang’ana kwambiri mazenera amatabwa, mazenera a matabwa a aluminiyamu, mazenera amwambo, khomo ndi zopempha za mawu. Zolembazi zimakhalabe ngati mbiri yakale pazantchito zamapepala ndipo sizomwe zimaperekedwa pano zazithunzi, zomatira kapena ntchito zopenta ndi zojambula.
Kukonzekera kwa chipinda, khoma ndi mapepala
Pazinthu zabwino zambiri zamapepala, chofunikira kwambiri ndi chakuti makoma okhala ndi mapepala amapepala amakhala olimba, amatha kutsukidwa motero - ngakhale akuwoneka kuti ndi okwera mtengo - ndi otsika mtengo.
Ngakhale kupenta kuli, titero kunena kwake, ukadaulo watsiku ndi tsiku womwe umadziwika ndi aliyense, kuphimba makoma okhala ndi wallpaper sikudziwika bwino. Inde, pali zifukwa zina zamakono za izi. Izi ndiye kuti, mapepala amapepala amakhala okhazikika pamakoma owuma komanso okongoletsa pamakoma athyathyathya.
Choyamba tiyenera kuyeza utali, m’lifupi ndi kutalika kwa chipinda chomwe tikufuna kukongoletsa khoma (4 khoma lam’mbali ndi siling’ono) ndikuwerengera malo, kuchotsa zitseko ndi mawindo.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa kuti zipinda zouma zokha ndizokutidwa ndi wallpaper! Makoma achinyezi okhala ndi makoma adzaipitsidwa pakapita nthawi ndipo mapepalawa amasiyana ndi khoma.
Tiyeni tisankhe chitsanzo ndi khalidwe lomwe likugwirizana ndi kukoma kwathu (nthawi yomweyo, tikhoza kusankha mapepala apulasitiki).
Tiyenera kugula »Tapetol«»Tap« (kapena zina) zomatira pazithunzi. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndi chiŵerengero chosakanikirana ndi madzi akufotokozedwa m’malemba pa bokosi.
Choyamba tiyenera kukonza mipando pakati pachipindacho. Tiyeni tisamalire kuti mipando yaying’ono momwe tingathere imatsalira m’chipindamo, chifukwa pophimba denga, padzakhala kofunikira kufikira m’lifupi mwazithunzi zonse kuchokera pa 50-70 cm. Mipando, yomwe imatsalira m’chipindamo, iyenera kuphimbidwa mosamala.
Zikatha izi, muyenera kunyowetsa bwino makoma am’mbali ndi padenga ndi burashi. Pa opaleshoniyi, tiyenera kutseka mazenera ndi zitseko chifukwa mwanjira imeneyi ❖ kuyanika akale adzafewetsa mwamsanga chifukwa cha nthunzi ya madzi. Tsopano tichotsa mosavuta zokutira zakale, zofewa ndi spatula. Pambuyo pake, tidzatsegula mazenera ndi zitseko kuti tifulumizitse kuyanika, ndipo zotsalira za zokutira zidzatsukidwa nthawi yomweyo. Zipupa zikauma, ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi tsache.
Kumverera pamwamba pa makoma ndi ntchito yotsatira. Tiyenera kuwiritsa kilogalamu ya mtanda ndi pafupifupi5lita imodzi ya madzi ndikuyika pamakoma ofunda. Kuyika kwa putty kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi burashi yokhala ndi zazifupi zazifupi popanda kudontha pakhoma. Kupukuta ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri, chifukwa imamanga mchenga wa khoma ndipo motero imalepheretsa kupatukana kwa mapepala opangidwa ndi khoma. Pambuyo pulasitala, kusalingana ndi mabowo pakhoma ayenera kudzazidwa ndi pulasitala. Kuti pulasitala isakhazikike mwachangu, sakanizani ndi madzi osungunuka pang’ono. Kupaka kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi spatula ndi leveler. Pambuyo pokonzekera izi, kudula mapepala kungatsatire.
Komanso kuyeza, timayambira padenga. Kutalika kwa denga kuyenera kuyeza nthawi zonse kuchokera pazenera (mwachitsanzo, ngati mawindo a chipindacho akuchokera5x4mpa khoma la4miwo akufunika8 zidutswa za wallpaper kutalika kwake5,05mndi m’lifupi50 cm). Chonde dziwani kuti mutha kupezanso otchedwa English wallpaper m’lifupi70 cm!
Tisanadule mapepala apambali akumbali, tiyenera kudziwa kaye kutalika. Momwemo, m’zipinda zapamwamba sitingathe kumata mapepala a khoma la m’mbali mpaka padenga, ndipo mosiyana, m’zipinda zamakono zamakono sitingathe kumata mapepala a denga mpaka kumakoma akumbali (mkuyu 1, 1. gawo). Tisanakhazikitse zithunzi zazithunzi, tiyenera kuyika chizindikiro chakumtunda kwazithunzi zam’mbali. Kuyika chizindikiro kutha kuchitidwa ndi chingwe chopaka graphite, ndipo muyeso uyenera kupangidwa nthawi zonse kuchokera padenga mpaka pansi (osati kuchokera pansi kupita mmwamba).
Ngati tamaliza ntchito yosoka, tiyenera kukonza guluu.
SLIKA 1
Kuyika zithunzi zazithunzi
Kenako pamabwera gluing, yomwe iyeneranso kuyamba padenga. Kumbuyo kwa mapepalawa kumafalikira pang’onopang’ono pa tebulo la khitchini (mkuyu 1, 2. gawo), kuti guluu lisatulukire m’mphepete. Kenako wallpaper iyenera kupindidwa, kuwonetsetsa kuti m’mphepete mwake ikugwirizana ndendende. Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri chifukwa mu opareshoni yotsatira m’mphepete woyera wa wallpaper ayenera kudulidwa mofanana m’mphepete mwa tebulo pamwamba. Lolani pepala lopindika kuti liyime 3-4 m mphindi kuti pepalalo lifewetsetu guluu. Kenako tiyenera kuyika burashi yofewa m’thumba mwathu (mwachitsanzo, portvish yapakhomo) ndikukhala okhazikika pamakwerero. Timatsegula pepala lofewa, kuyambira pa khola lalitali, ndikuliyika padenga ndi manja awiri. Timathandizira gawo lopachikidwa ndi dzanja lathu lamanzere, ndipo ndi dzanja lamanja, pogwiritsa ntchito burashi, timayamba kusalaza pakati pa gawo loyikidwa, pang’onopang’ono tikupita kumapeto. Tidzachita ntchito yomweyo ndi bend lalifupi.
Mukayika mizere yocheperako, yotsatirayo sayenera kuphatikizira yapitayo ndi theka la masentimita. Tikafika pa chandelier padenga, mzere woyambira uyenera kutsukidwa mpaka ku chandelier ndiyeno pepalalo liyenera kudulidwa ndi lumo, nthawi zambiri mpaka pamalo a chandelier, kotero kuti mzere woyambira ukhoza kuikidwa ndi kusalala kutalika kwake (mkuyu 2).
SLIKA 2
Denga limatsatiridwa ndi makoma am’mbali. Kumamatira zingwezo kuyenera kuyambira mbali yowala (kuchokera pamakoma pafupi ndi zenera) (mkuyu 3). Kufalitsa ndi kupindika zingwe ndizofanana ndi padenga. Ngati mapepala amtundu wa makoma am’mbali ali okulirapo, ndiye kuti ayenera kusiyidwa kwa kanthawi kochepa kuti afewetse mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito guluu. Mukatha kufunyulula, pendekerani nsonga yopaka mafuta pa phazi limodzi kuti isang’ambe ndi kulemera kwake. Tikafika m’mphepete mwake ndi kuyika kwa tepiyo, timayika tepi pafupi ndi khoma ndi dzanja limodzi, ndikugwirizanitsa theka la masentimita, ndipo ndi dzanja lina timakonza kugwirizanitsa kofunikira motalika mpaka pansi. Pamakoma am’mbali, tifunika kuchotsa zophimba zosinthira (ngati zilipo) ndipo, posalaza pepala, pangani potsegula podutsa kukula koyenera (mkuyu 2). Pambuyo pake, muyenera kukhazikitsa zovundikira zomwe zachotsedwa ndikusalaza mbali za makona atatu azithunzi (mkuyu 2).
SLIKA 3
Zofunika! Panthawi yopangira upholstery ndi ntchito “yonyowa”, zosinthira zamagetsi ndi mapulagi azitsekedwa mwamphamvu kapena kuzimitsidwa kuti zisawonongeke kugwedezeka kwamagetsi!
Ngati tapaka zomatira mokhuthala kuposa momwe tingafunikire, ndiye kuti tiyenera kupukuta m’mphepete mwa mapepala osalala ndi nsalu yoyera ndi youma. Tiyeni tisankhe mapatani otumbululuka, osawoneka bwino omwe titha kuyika ndi zokutira popanda zovuta.
Mapepala okhala ndi mawonekedwe a geometric amatha kuyikidwa ndi “stunts” ndipo izi zimafuna ntchito yaukadaulo komanso mosamala.
Mawonekedwe azithunzi ndizosiyana kwambiri. Kuyika zotsika mtengo koma nthawi yomweyo mitundu yopyapyala yamapepala (yomwe imang’ambika mosavuta) ndi ntchito yovuta kwa oyamba osadziwa. Koma komanso pazifukwa zina, ndi bwino kutenga mapepala apamwamba komanso amphamvu, mwina pulasitiki komanso otha kuchapa. Ndikosavuta kugwira nawo ntchito, ndipo zotsatira za ntchitoyo zimakhala zokhazikika.
Mitundu yayikulu yazithunzi
Zithunzi zamakanema zachilengedwe. Amakonda kusanduka achikasu, sateteza madzi, amataya mpweya, kulemera kwawo ndi 75-90 g/m2. Apangidwa ndi ma toni otuwa ndipo ndi otchipa.
Zithunzi zachilengedwe zokhala ndi mapatani. Ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi akale, koma ali ndi mawonekedwe.
Cast (okonda) pepala lazithunzi. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku mtundu wabwinoko wolemera kwambiri wa pepala 85-100 g/m2 okhala ndi malankhulidwe olemera komanso mapeni okoma.
Silk (kapena Metaxa) zithunzi. Zithunzi zamapepalawa ndizolimba kwambiri, zolemera 80-90 g/m2. Pamwamba pawo ndi wonyezimira wonyezimira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ojambulidwa, okongoletsedwa ndi mica, inki ya aluminiyamu ndi mitundu yamkuwa. Ali ndi mitundu yabwino yosungira, amatha kupuma koma sangathe kutsukidwa. Ndi amitundu yabwino kwambiri yazithunzi.
Zithunzi za Velor kapena zowoneka bwino. Amapangidwa ndi pepala lolimba lomwe tinthu tating’ono ta silika ndi thonje timamatira ndi guluu zotanuka. Mwanjira iyi, wallpaper imapeza mawonekedwe a nsalu, kapena. velvet. Amapangidwa mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pastel ndipo mwina mawonekedwe okhawo amasokedwa ndi ulusi wa silika (semi-velvet) kapena pamtunda wonse (velvet wathunthu). Amatha kutsukidwa mosamala ndipo ndi mitundu yokhazikika komanso yapamwamba kwambiri.
Salubra wallpaper. Amapangidwa ndi pepala lokhala ngati zikopa lokhala ndi matani olemera komanso okoma, okhala ndi zisindikizo zokongoletsedwa kuti azidzaza mabowo a pepala ndi utoto wamafuta. Mwanjira iyi, zithunzi zolimba zimapezedwa zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira kwambiri ndipo zimatha kutsukidwa mosavuta ndikutsuka. Kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zabwinozi ndikofala kwambiri.
Zithunzi zokhala ndi lacquered. Zithunzi zamapepala zamtundu wocheperako zimapakidwa kale ndi zomangira zomwaza madzi (mwachitsanzo ndi glutolin-tutcal) ndipo zikauma zimakutidwa ndi varnish yopanda mtundu.
Motere, mapepala apamwamba kwambiri amapezedwa, omwe amakhala olimba komanso osavuta kuyeretsa ndi madzi. Pambuyo pa nthawi yayitali (8-10 yrs.) zokutira za vanishi zimakalamba ndipo zimang’aluka.
Lumikizanani (yomata mpaka kukhudza) yokhala ndi maziko opangidwa ndi zinthu zopanga. Amapangidwa mosiyanasiyana komanso ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zinthu zawo zofunika kwambiri ndi pepala (kapena utomoni wochita kupanga), pamwamba pake pamakhala utomoni wochita kupanga, ndipo kumbuyo kwake kumapangidwa ndi pulasitiki yomata yokhala ndi filimu yoteteza. Nthawi zambiri amakhala 0,56 m m’lifupi ndipo amagulitsidwa m’mipukutu. Gluing mapepalawa amachitidwa m’njira yoti zojambula zotetezera zimachotsedwa ndipo mapepala amaikidwa pakhoma ndikuwongolera mwachizolowezi. Palibe ukatswiri wapadera womwe umafunika kuti muyike zithunzizi. Ndiwo m’gulu lamitundu yamakono komanso yapamwamba kwambiri yazithunzi zomwe zimakwaniritsa ngakhale zofunika kwambiri.
Zithunzi zomatira
Mitundu yamakono kwambiri yazithunzi ndi zomatira zokha zomwe zimatha kutsukidwa ndi madzi.
Popeza mapepala amapepalawa ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, kuphimba nawo makoma akuluakulu sikungakhale kopanda ndalama. Komabe, zimalimbikitsidwabe komanso zotsika mtengo kuphimba mbali za makoma mu khitchini ndi bafa - m’malo mwa matailosi - ndi mapepala awa.
Zindikirani kuti pepala lodziphatika silingayikidwe mwachindunji pakhoma laling’ono chifukwa njere yotayirira ya khoma laling’ono silimapangitsa kuti pakhale kumamatira bwino, kotero mapepalawa amatha kusiyana ndi khoma.
Zithunzi zodzimatira zokha zimatha kukhazikitsidwa pamakoma opakidwa mosamala ndi mchenga omwe adapakidwa utoto wamafuta ochepa. Tidzipulumutsa tokha ku zodabwitsa zosasangalatsa ngati tiyesa gluing ndi tepi imodzi yopyapyala. Ngati tepi yoyeserayo ingochotsedwa kukhoma ndi khama kwambiri, kapena ngati sitingafike pansi pa khoma ndi misomali yathu, ndiye kuti titha kuyamba kuphimba mbali yonse (mkuyu.4gawo a).
Kumata pepala lodzimatira
Ngati pamwamba pa khoma limene tikufuna kuphimba ndi lalikulu, ndiye kuti gluing wallpaper ayenera kuyambira pamwamba ndi kupitiriza pansi. Ndi misomali yathu, tifunika kuchotsa zojambulazo zoteteza kumbuyo kwa khoma lonse la diso70 mmkutalika ndi kumata gawo ili kumtunda kwa khoma lomwe tikufuna kuphimba. Chidwi chiyeneranso kuperekedwa ku mfundo yakuti wallpaper ndiyoyima ndendende. Kenaka timatenga m’dzanja lathu lamanzere mpukutu wa mapepala ndi gawo losasunthika la zojambulazo zotetezera ndikuzitsitsa pang’onopang’ono, ndipo ndi nsalu yofewa, yomwe timagwira m’dzanja lathu lamanja, timakanikiza ndikugwirizanitsa mapepala pakhoma (mkuyu.4gawo b). Pamafunika diso kuti ngodya bwino100 mmpinda (mku.4gawo c).
SLIKA 4
Makulidwe azithunzi (mipukutu)
Utali wa Dzina (m) Utali (m) Malo (m)
zabwinobwino (zokhazikika) 0,50 7,5 3,75
miyeso
Miyezo yapakatikati 0,57 10,5 5,97
Salubra - miyeso 0,80 10,5 8,40
Miyeso ya nthiti (10tepi) 0,50 7,5 3,75
Zothandizira zopangira wallpaper
Ma charger
Background kwa wallpaper. Gawo laling’ono molingana ndi kuchuluka kwake litha kukhala lolimba komanso lamadzimadzi. Nthawi zambiri, mapepala otayira olimba amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, zolemba zakale. Nyuzipepala ikuluikulu komanso yakale kwambiri, imamatira ku khoma. Nyuzipepala zosindikizidwa zamtundu, zokhala ndi zilembo zolimba, ndiye magazini okhala ndi zithunzi sali oyenerera pa cholinga ichi, chifukwa mitunduyo idzawonetsa kupyolera mu mapepala omveka bwino a mapepala.
Kutaya mapepala mu mipukutu. Awa ndi mapepala wamba osindikizira opanda zilembo, nthawi zambiri zoyera, zokhala ndi mitundu yocheperako. Momwemonso, zilembo zosindikizidwa zamapepala osavuta apepala ngati zinyowa zimatha kulowa mkati mwa utoto ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa madontho osiyanasiyana. M’lifupi pepala zinyalala zambiri0,5 mndi utali wa mpukutuwo20-50 m.
Gypsum pulasitala yokhala ndi glutolin
Iyenera kutengedwa500zigawo polemera kwa glutolin solution, onjezerani1000zigawo potengera kulemera kwa pulasitala,3. magawo potengera kulemera kwa ufa wa nkhuni wopota i1-2zigawo ndi kulemera kwa talc. Sakanizani zonse bwino ndi madzi kuti zikhale zokhuthala kuti zifalikire. Mtondo uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati2ola chifukwa mwinamwake izo zidzamanga.
Pulasita ndi puttkal. Iyenera kutengedwa6magawo potengera kulemera kwa mafuta a mafupa opanikizidwa nawo5%ndi sopo wa potaziyamu mu chiŵerengero cha pafupifupi1:1ndi kusakaniza1ndi kulemera kwa linseed mafuta varnish ndi kuwonjezera choko chokwanira kufalitsa wogawana pakhoma ndi trowel. Kusakaniza kumeneku kudzapereka wosanjikiza womwe umauma mwachangu ndipo sumakonda kusweka.
Zida zopangira insulation
Pepala la asphalt ndi pepala lotayirira kapena pepala lochindikala pang’ono loviikidwa mu phula. Kugulitsidwa m’mipukutu ya m’lifupi 1,0 m. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, mbali yomizidwa komanso yonyezimira imayikidwa pakhoma, yomangika ndi misomali.
Zomatira
Kuphatikiza pa zomatira zomwe tazitchula kale - Tapetola ndi Tapa, zomatira zama cellulose (glutolin, methyl-cellulose, carboxy-methyl-cellulose, etc.) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amatha kumwazikana mosavuta m’madzi, sangatengeke ndi nkhungu, ndi osavuta kugwira nawo ntchito, ndipo mphamvu zawo zomatira ndizokhutiritsa. M’mayiko ena, amagulitsidwa m’mawonekedwe a granular, kotero powonjezera madzi olondola, amatha kumwaziridwa pambuyo pa 2-3 mmphindi. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zowonjezera zoletsa kupangika kwa bowa ndi nkhungu.
Gulu wopangidwa ndi utomoni wochita kupanga. Nthawi zambiri, zomatirazi zimagulitsidwa mwanjira yoti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mapepala apamwamba apulasitiki. Ndi zomatirazi, ndizotheka kumamatira mapepala apamwamba pazigawo zotere zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zoyamwa (mwachitsanzo, marble, marble ochita kupanga).
Njira zotsatiridwa, zida ndi mayina adasamutsidwa kuchokera ku mbiri yakale. Musanayambe ntchito, fufuzani chinyezi, nkhungu, kunyamula mphamvu ya gawo lapansi, mapangidwe a zokutira zakale ndi malangizo a opanga mapepala amakono ndi zomatira. Kupereka mpweya wabwino ndi chitetezo choyenera chaumwini; Gwirani ntchito ndi mipeni ndi scrapers pamalo okhazikika, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito makwerero pokhapokha mutayikidwa bwino. Musanachotse zovundikira zosinthira ma switch, kugwira ntchito mozungulira makhazikitsidwe kapena kugwira ntchito pafupi ndi zoyatsira magetsi, chotsani ndikuteteza magetsi, fufuzani kuti palibe magetsi ndi choyesa choyenera ndikulemba ganyu katswiri wamagetsi pakafunika kutero.