Hnub no, Savo Kusić tau tsom mus rau qhov rais ntoo, wood-aluminium Qhov rais, kev cai Qhov rais, qhov rooj thiab thov lus hais. Cov ntawv no tseem yog cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm wallpapering thiab tsis yog tam sim no muab cov ntawv ntsa, nplaum lossis kev ua haujlwm ntawm tha xim thiab wallpapering.
Kev npaj ntawm chav tsev, phab ntsa thiab phab ntsa
Ntawm ntau yam zoo ntawm cov ntawv ntsa, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov phab ntsa uas muaj cov phab ntsa uas muaj zog dua, lawv tuaj yeem ntxuav tau thiab yog li ntawd - txawm tias pom tias tus nqi siab - lawv pheej yig dua.
Thaum pleev xim yog, yog li hais, ib qho kev siv tshuab niaj hnub paub rau txhua tus, npog phab ntsa nrog cov ntawv ntsa tsis tshua paub. Tau kawg, muaj qee qhov laj thawj technical rau qhov no. Namely, wallpapers tsuas yog ruaj khov rau ntawm phab ntsa qhuav tag thiab tsuas yog kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm phab ntsa tiaj tus nkaus xwb.
Ua ntej peb yuav tsum ntsuas qhov ntev, qhov dav thiab qhov siab ntawm chav tsev uas peb xav tau wallpaper (4 sab phab ntsa thiab qab nthab) thiab xam thaj chaw, txiav tawm qhov rooj thiab qhov rais thaj chaw.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum paub tias tsuas yog cov chav qhuav qhuav nkaus xwb thiaj li npog nrog phab ntsa! Cov phab ntsa ntub dej yuav stains thaum lub sijhawm thiab cov phab ntsa yuav cais tawm ntawm phab ntsa.
Cia peb xaiv cov qauv thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas haum rau peb saj ( tib lub sijhawm, peb kuj tuaj yeem xaiv cov yas wallpaper).
Peb yuav tsum tau yuav “Tapetol” “Tap” (los yog lwm yam) nplaum nplaum. Txoj kev siv thiab qhov sib tov sib xyaw nrog dej tau piav qhia hauv cov ntawv ntawm lub thawv.
Ua ntej peb yuav tsum npaj cov rooj tog hauv nruab nrab ntawm chav tsev. Cia peb xyuam xim rau qhov tseeb tias cov rooj tog me me raws li qhov ua tau nyob hauv chav, vim tias thaum npog lub qab nthab, nws yuav tsum ncav cuag tag nrho qhov dav ntawm phab ntsa los ntawm 50-70 cm. Cov rooj tog zaum, uas tseem nyob hauv chav, yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo npog.
Tom qab no, koj yuav tsum tau ntub cov npoo ntawm cov phab ntsa sab thiab lub qab nthab nrog cov txhuam txhuam. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm no, peb yuav tsum kaw qhov rais thiab qhov rooj vim li no cov txheej txheej qub yuav maj mam soften vim dej vapor. Tam sim no peb yuav yooj yim khawb tawm lub qub, softened txheej nrog ib tug spatula. Tom qab no, peb yuav qhib lub qhov rais thiab qhov rooj kom ceev kom qhuav, thiab cov khoom seem ntawm txheej yuav raug ntxuav tam sim ntawd. Tom qab cov phab ntsa qhuav lawm, lawv yuav tsum tau ntxuav nrog ib tug pas txhuam hniav.
Felting nto ntawm phab ntsa yog qhov ua haujlwm tom ntej. Peb yuav tsum boil ib kilogram mov paj nrog approx5liter dej thiab muab tso rau ntawm phab ntsa nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev tsis sov. Daim ntawv thov ntawm putty yuav tsum tau ua nrog ib tug txhuam nrog luv bristles tsis dripping rau ntawm phab ntsa. Plastering yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, vim hais tias nws khi cov xuab zeb nplej ntawm phab ntsa thiab yog li tiv thaiv kev sib cais ntawm pasted wallpaper los ntawm phab ntsa. Tom qab plastering, unevenness thiab qhov ntawm phab ntsa yuav tsum tau sau nrog plaster. Yog li ntawd lub plaster tsis teem sai sai, sib tov nrog me ntsis dej deionized. Plastering yuav tsum tau ua nrog ib tug spatula thiab ib tug leveler. Tom qab cov kev npaj ua haujlwm no, txiav ntawv tuaj yeem ua raws.
Raws li kev ntsuas, peb pib los ntawm lub qab nthab. Qhov ntev ntawm lub qab nthab yuav tsum tau ntsuas los ntawm lub qhov rais (xws li yog hais tias lub qhov rais nyob rau hauv chav tsev yog los ntawm5x4mntawm phab ntsa ntawm4mlawv xav tau8 pieces ntawm wallpaper ntev ntawm5,05mthiab dav50 cm). Thov nco ntsoov tias koj tuaj yeem tau txais lub npe hu ua English wallpaper dav70 cm!
Ua ntej peb txiav cov phab ntsa rau sab phab ntsa, peb yuav tsum txiav txim siab qhov siab ua ntej. Namely, nyob rau hauv cov chav siab peb tsis tuaj yeem muab cov phab ntsa ntawm phab ntsa ntawm phab ntsa mus rau lub qab nthab, thiab lwm yam, hauv cov chav tsev niaj hnub no peb tsis tuaj yeem muab cov phab ntsa ntawm lub qab nthab mus rau sab phab ntsa (daim duab 1, 1. part). Ua ntej peb nruab cov wallpapers, peb yuav tsum kos lub sab sauv ntawm sab phab ntsa. Lub cim tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog txoj hlua smeared nrog graphite, thiab kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm lub qab nthab (tsis yog los ntawm hauv pem teb).
Yog tias peb ua tiav nrog kev txiav, peb yuav tsum npaj cov kua nplaum.
SLIKA 1
Txhim kho wallpaper
Tom ntej no los cov gluing, uas yuav tsum tau pib ntawm lub qab nthab. Sab nraub qaum ntawm phab ntsa yog thinly kis rau ntawm lub rooj noj mov (daim duab 1, 2. ib feem), kom cov kua nplaum tsis ntws tawm ntawm cov npoo. Tom qab ntawd lub wallpaper yuav tsum tau muab tais, xyuas kom meej tias cov npoo phim raws nraim. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev vim hais tias nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej ua hauj lwm lub dawb ntug ntawm lub wallpaper yuav tsum tau txiav tawm tusyees ntawm lub ntug ntawm lub rooj saum toj kawg nkaus. Cia cov ntawv tais diav ntim rau 3-4 m feeb kom daim ntawv softens tag nrho ntawm cov kua nplaum. Tom qab ntawd peb yuav tsum tau muab cov txhuam muag muag rau hauv peb lub hnab tshos (piv txwv li, tsev neeg portvish) thiab ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm tus ntaiv. Peb nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv softened, pib ntawm qhov ntev dua, thiab muab tso rau ntawm lub qab nthab nrog ob txhais tes. Peb txhawb nqa qhov dai nrog peb sab tes laug, thiab nrog sab tes xis, siv txhuam hniav, peb ua ntej smooth qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw, maj mam txav mus rau qhov kawg. Peb yuav ua qhov no tib yam haujlwm nrog lub luv luv khoov.
Thaum txhim kho cov kab qis qis, qhov txuas ntxiv yuav tsum tsis txhob sib tshooj dhau los ntawm ntau tshaj ib nrab ib cm. Yog hais tias peb ncav cuag lub chandelier ntawm lub qab nthab, lub sawb pib yuav tsum tau txhuam mus rau lub chandelier thiab ces lub wallpaper yuav tsum tau txiav nrog txiab, feem ntau mus txog rau qhov chaw ntawm lub chandelier, thiaj li hais tias tus pib sawb yuav muab tso rau thiab smoothed tag nrho ntev (daim duab 2).
SLIKA 2
Lub qab nthab yog ua raws li cov phab ntsa. Kev tuav cov strips yuav tsum pib ntawm lub teeb sab (los ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov rais) (daim duab 3). Kev nthuav tawm thiab khoov cov strips yog tib yam li rau lub qab nthab. Yog hais tias cov phab ntsa rau sab phab ntsa yog tuab, ces lawv yuav tsum tau sab laug rau ib tug me ntsis ntxiv rau soften tom qab siv cov kua nplaum. Tom qab nthuav tawm, so qhov kawg ntawm greased sawb ntawm ib ko taw kom nws tsis tsim kua muag hauv nws qhov hnyav. Thaum peb ncav cuag ntug tom ntej nrog rau qhov chaw ntawm daim kab xev, peb muab daim kab xev nyob ib sab ntawm phab ntsa nrog ib sab tes, nrog ib nrab ib cm sib tshooj, thiab nrog rau lwm cov tes peb kho qhov yuav tsum tau overlap lengthwise nce thiab nqis. Nyob rau sab phab ntsa, peb yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov hloov npog (yog tias muaj) thiab, thaum smoothing lub wallpaper, ua ib qho qhib los ntawm kev txiav qhov loj me (daim duab 2). Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau nruab cov npog tshem tawm thiab du qhov chaw ntawm daim duab peb sab phab ntsa (daim duab 2).
SLIKA 3
Tseem ceeb! Thaum lub sij hawm upholstery thiab pleev xim rau “ntub” ua hauj lwm, hluav taws xob keyboards thiab plugs yuav tsum tau hermetically kaw los yog muab tua nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tshem tawm cov muaj peev xwm ntawm hluav taws xob poob siab!
Yog tias peb tau siv cov ntaub nplaum tuab dua li qhov tsim nyog, ces peb yuav tsum ua tib zoo so cov npoo ntawm cov phab ntsa nrog cov ntaub huv thiab qhuav. Cia peb xaiv cov xim daj ntseg, tsis pom tseeb uas peb yuav tuaj yeem tso nrog qhov sib tshooj yam tsis muaj teeb meem.
Wallpapers nrog cov qauv geometric tsuas yog ntsia tau nrog “stunts” thiab qhov no yuav tsum muaj kev tshaj lij thiab ua haujlwm ceev faj.
Qhov zoo ntawm phab ntsa yog txawv heev. Kev txhim kho pheej yig dua tab sis tib lub sij hawm nyias hom ntawm phab ntsa (uas tsim kua muag tau yooj yim) yog ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj rau cov neeg tsis paub pib. Tab sis kuj rau lwm yam laj thawj, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov phab ntsa tuab thiab muaj zog dua, tejzaum nws yog yas thiab ntxuav. Nws yooj yim dua rau kev ua haujlwm nrog lawv, thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog qhov ruaj khov dua.
Cov hom ntawv tseem ceeb
Natural wallpapers. Lawv zoo li tig daj, lawv tsis muaj dej tsis muaj dej, lawv cov pa tawm, lawv qhov hnyav yog 75-90 g / m2. Lawv tau ua hauv cov suab nrov daj thiab pheej yig heev.
Natural wallpaper nrog cov qauv. Lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam li yav dhau los, tab sis lawv muaj cov qauv.
Cast (fond) ntawv phab ntsa. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo dua muaj zog dua cov ntawv hnyav 85-100 g/m2 nrog cov suab nrov thiab cov qauv saj zoo.
Silk (los yog Metaxa) wallpaper. Cov ntawv ntsa ntawv no muaj zog tshwj xeeb, hnyav 80-90 g/m2. Lawv nto yog silky ci nrog embossed qauv, embellished nrog mica, txhuas pigments thiab bronze xim. Lawv muaj cov xim zoo khaws cia, yog breathable tab sis tsis tuaj yeem ntxuav. Lawv zwm rau hom ntawv zoo dua.
Velour lossis somatic wallpapers. Lawv yog ua los ntawm cov ntawv muaj zog uas cov ntaub me me ntawm cov ntaub lo lo ntxhuav thiab paj rwb yog glued nrog elastic kua nplaum. Nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, lub wallpaper tau txais ib tug yam ntxwv zoo ntawm ntaub, los yog. velvet. Lawv tau ua nyob rau hauv cov xim sib txawv pastel thiab tsuas yog cov qauv yog stitched nrog silk threads (semi-velvet) los yog tag nrho nto (tag nrho velvet). Lawv tuaj yeem raug ntxuav nrog kev saib xyuas thiab yog cov khoom ruaj khov thiab zoo heev.
Salubra wallpaper. Lawv yog ua los ntawm cov ntawv zoo li parchment nyob rau hauv nplua nuj thiab saj tones, nrog embossed prints thiaj li mus sau lub pores ntawm daim ntawv nrog roj pleev xim. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, cov ntawv ntsa ruaj khov tau txais uas ua tau raws li qhov xav tau tshaj plaws thiab tuaj yeem ntxuav tau yooj yim los ntawm kev ntxuav. Kev siv cov phab ntsa zoo no yog qhov dav heev.
Lacquered wallpaper. Cov ntawv phab ntsa ntawm cov khoom qis dua yog yav tas los xim nrog dej dispersion binding tus neeg saib xyuas (xws li nrog glutolin-tutcal) thiab tom qab ziab lawv tau coated nrog cov kua roj vanish tsis muaj xim.
Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, tau txais cov ntawv zoo nkauj zoo nkauj, uas yog ruaj khov thiab yooj yim los ntxuav nrog dej. Tom qab lub sijhawm ntev (8-10 yrs.) cov kua roj vanish txheej nyhav rau hnub nyoog thiab tau tawg.
Tiv tauj (nco rau qhov kov) wallpaper nrog lub hauv paus ua los ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog. Lawv yog tsim nyob rau hauv txawv tones thiab nrog txawv qauv. Lawv cov khoom siv yooj yim yog ntawv (lossis cov khoom siv dag zog), lawv lub ntsej muag yog yav tas los impregnated nrog cov khoom siv dag zog, thiab sab nraub qaum yog ua los ntawm cov yas nplaum nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv. Lawv feem ntau yog 0,56 m nyob rau hauv dav thiab muag hauv yob. Gluing cov wallpapers yog ua nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv raug tshem tawm thiab cov wallpapers muab tso rau ntawm phab ntsa thiab smoothed nyob rau hauv lub niaj zaus txoj kev. Tsis muaj kev txawj tshwj xeeb yog yuav tsum tau rau nruab cov wallpapers. Lawv yog cov niaj hnub thiab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntawv ntsa uas ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau nruj tshaj plaws.
Self-adhesive wallpapers
Cov hom niaj hnub tshaj plaws ntawm phab ntsa yog cov ntawv nplaum rau tus kheej uas tuaj yeem ntxuav nrog dej.
Vim tias cov ntawv ntsa no kim heev, npog cov phab ntsa loj nrog lawv yuav tsis pheej yig. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem pom zoo thiab pheej yig dua los npog qhov chaw ntawm phab ntsa hauv chav ua noj thiab chav dej - tsis yog cov vuas - nrog cov ntawv ntsa no.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov ntawv nplaum rau tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem muab tso ncaj qha rau ntawm phab ntsa me me vim tias cov nplej xoob ntawm cov phab ntsa me me tsis ua kom muaj qhov adhesion zoo, yog li cov phab ntsa yuav cais tawm ntawm phab ntsa.
Self-adhesive wallpapers tsuas yog ntsia tau rau ntawm cov phab ntsa ua tib zoo plastered thiab sanded phab ntsa uas tau pleev xim rau cov xim semi-oly. Peb yuav cawm peb tus kheej los ntawm kev xav tsis thoob yog tias peb sim gluing nrog ib daim kab xev nyias. Yog tias daim kab xev ntsuas tsuas tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm ntawm phab ntsa nrog kev siv zog ntau dua, lossis yog tias peb tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag hauv qab phab ntsa nrog peb cov rau tes, ces peb tuaj yeem pib npog tag nrho saum npoo (daim duab.4, part a).
Sticking self-adhesive wallpaper
Yog tias qhov saum npoo ntawm phab ntsa uas peb xav kom npog yog loj, ces gluing lub wallpaper yuav tsum pib los ntawm sab saum toj thiab txuas mus rau downwards. Nrog rau peb cov rau tes, peb yuav tsum tshem tawm cov ntawv tiv thaiv los ntawm sab nraum qab ntawm phab ntsa thoob plaws tag nrho qhov dav ntawm lub qhov muag.70 mmntev thiab nplaum qhov no mus rau sab sauv ntawm phab ntsa uas peb xav kom npog. Kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau them rau qhov tseeb tias lub wallpaper yog raws nraim ntsug. Tom qab ntawd peb coj peb sab laug ntawm lub yob ntawm cov ntawv ntsa nrog rau qhov tsis muaj ntawm daim ntawv tiv thaiv thiab maj mam txo qis, thiab nrog ib daim ntaub mos muag, uas peb tuav ntawm peb sab tes xis, peb nias thiab ua kom cov ntawv ntsa ntawm phab ntsa (daim duab.4, part b). Nws yuav siv lub qhov muag kom tau lub kaum sab xis100 mmfold (fig.4, part c).
SLIKA 4
Dimensions ntawm wallpaper (rolls)
Lub Npe Dav (m) Ntev (m) Thaj Chaw (m)
normal (standard) 0,50 7,5 3,75
qhov ntev
Nruab nrab qhov ntev 0,57 10,5 5,97
Salubra - qhov ntev 0,80 10,5 8,40
Rib Dimensions (10daim kab xev) 0,50 7,5 3,75
Cov khoom siv pabcuam rau wallpapering
Chargers
Background rau wallpaper. Lub substrate raws li lub xeev aggregate tuaj yeem ua tau zoo thiab ua kua. Feem ntau, cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg yog siv, piv txwv li cov ntawv xov xwm qub. Qhov loj dua cov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov laus dua, qhov zoo dua nws yuav ua raws li phab ntsa. Cov ntawv xov xwm luam tawm hauv cov xim, nrog cov ntawv bold, ces cov ntawv xov xwm nrog cov duab tsis haum rau lub hom phiaj no, vim cov xim yuav qhia los ntawm cov ntawv ntsa dawb.
Pov tseg ntawv hauv yob. Cov no yog cov ntawv luam tawm zoo tib yam uas tsis muaj cov ntawv luam tawm, feem ntau yog xim dawb, tsis tshua muaj xim. Namely, cov ntawv luam ntawm cov ntawv yooj yim wallpapers nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev ntub dej tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov xim thiab tuaj yeem ua rau ntau yam stains. Qhov dav ntawm cov ntawv pov tseg feem ntau yog0,5 mthiab qhov ntev ntawm lub yob20-50 m.
Gypsum plaster nrog glutolin
Nws yuav tsum tau noj500qhov chaw los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm glutolin tov, ntxiv rau nws1000qhov chaw los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm stucco plaster,3. qhov chaw los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm finely av ntoo hmoov i1-2qhov chaw los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm talc. Sib tov txhua yam zoo nrog dej kom nws tuab txaus kom sib kis. Mortar yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv2teev vim txwv tsis pub nws yuav khi.
Plaster nrog puttkal. Nws yuav tsum tau noj6qhov chaw los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov pob txha pob txha thinned nrog5%nrog poov tshuaj xab npum nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm approx1:1thiab sib tov nrog1los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm linseed roj kua roj vanish thiab ntxiv kom txaus chalk kom kis tusyees ntawm phab ntsa nrog ib tug trowel. Qhov sib tov no yuav muab ib txheej uas dries sai heev thiab tsis nquag tawg.
Cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev
Asphalt ntawv yog cov ntawv pov tseg lossis cov ntawv tuab me ntsis soaked hauv asphalt tov. Muag nyob rau hauv yob ntawm dav 1,0 m. Thaum siv, sab impregnated thiab glossier yog muab tso rau ntawm phab ntsa, nruj thiab tsau nrog rau tes.
Adhesives
Ntxiv nrog rau cov nplaum uas twb tau hais lawm ntawm peb cov khoom - Tapetola thiab Tapa, cellulose glues (glutolin, methyl-cellulose, carboxy-methyl-cellulose, thiab lwm yam) yog siv. Lawv tuaj yeem tawg tau yooj yim hauv dej, lawv tsis yooj yim rau pwm, lawv yooj yim ua haujlwm nrog, thiab lawv lub zog adhesion yog txaus siab. Hauv qee lub tebchaws, lawv raug muag hauv daim ntawv granular, yog li los ntawm kev ntxiv cov dej kom raug, lawv tuaj yeem tawg tom qab 2-3 m feeb. Lawv feem ntau muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv los tiv thaiv kev tsim cov kab mob thiab pwm.
Cov kua nplaum ua los ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog. Feem ntau, cov nplaum no yog muag hauv daim ntawv uas lawv tuaj yeem siv tau tam sim ntawd. Lawv yog siv rau zoo zoo yas wallpaper. Nrog rau cov nplaum no, nws tuaj yeem ua cov ntawv nplaum rau ntawm cov substrates uas muaj lub zog nqus qis (piv txwv li marble, marble dag).
Cov txheej txheem teev tseg, cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov npe raug pauv los ntawm keeb kwm. Ua ntej ua haujlwm, tshawb xyuas cov dej noo, pwm, kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov substrate, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov txheej txheem qub thiab cov lus qhia ntawm cov tuam ntxhab ntawm cov niaj hnub wallpaper thiab cov nplaum. Muab qhov cua thiab tiv thaiv tus kheej tsim nyog; ua hauj lwm nrog riam thiab scrapers ntawm qhov chaw ruaj khov, thiab siv cov ntaiv tsuas yog thaum muab tso rau kom zoo. Ua ntej tshem tawm cov npog hloov, ua haujlwm nyob ib puag ncig kev teeb tsa lossis ua haujlwm ze ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo, txiav tawm thiab ruaj ntseg cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, xyuas kom tsis muaj qhov hluav taws xob nrog lub ntsuas ntsuas tsim nyog thiab ntiav tus kws tsim hluav taws xob tsim nyog thaum tsim nyog.