** Gargadi mai mahimmanci na tsaro:** Wannan rubutun tarihi ne, ba littafin jagorar aiki na zamani ba. Dumama, zafin jiki, narkewa da jefar da karafa na da hatsarin wuta, fashewa, konewa da hayaki mai guba. Musamman, ba dole ba ne a bi hanyoyin gida da aka kwatanta da gubar, buɗe wuta, murhu ko murhu na lantarki. Ana buƙatar ƙa’idodi masu inganci, kayan aiki masu dacewa, samun iska da horar da ƙwararru don irin wannan aikin.
Wannan rubutu baya cikin tayin Savo Kusić na yanzu, wanda ke mai da hankali kan tagogi, kofofin da mafita masu alaƙa.
Maganin zafi na karafa
Ma’anar wannan magani shine cewa karfe mai zafi da mai sanyaya ruwa ya zama mai tsanani. Ana kiran wannan tsari tempering. Sabanin haka, karfe mai zafi da sanyi a hankali yana rasa taurinsa kuma ya zama mai laushi. Ana kiran wannan tsari korarre. Tsarin zafin jiki yana nufin cewa an yi ɗan ƙaramin laushi ne kawai don yin ƙarfen da ke da wuya kuma ba zai iya sake yin na’ura ba.
Ya tafi ba tare da faɗin cewa ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba a auna adadin ƙarfe nawa aka yi zafi ko sarrafa lokacin sarrafa fasaha. Bayani mai amfani game da zafin jiki na karfe yayin dumama yana ba da launi wanda ke canzawa a yanayin zafi daban-daban.
Yana da matukar muhimmanci cewa ana aiwatar da tsarin saki a yanayin da ya dace. A nan za mu gabatar da ‘yan misalai:
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Zazzabi Launi shakatawa
C don sarrafa fasaha
225 rawaya mai haske
ta hanyar soyayya
250 yellowish yellowish
265-275 ja ruwan kasa kayan aikin itace
285-295 ja jajaye
purple-duhu blue screwdriver, abun yanka, bazara
Ya kamata dumama ya rufe dukkan kayan, kuma sanyaya ana yin ta ne kawai ta hanyar nutsar da abu cikin ruwa. Lokacin sassautawa, ya isa a yi zafi kawai saman abin da za a kwance kuma a bar shi a cikin iska don yin sanyi (zamu iya kwance ruwan yankan akan harshen wuta).
Lokacin laushi, duk abin ya kamata ya zama mai zafi a hankali kuma a hankali, kuma iska mai sanyaya ya kamata ya kasance a cikin zafin jiki.
Baya ga karfe, ana iya sarrafa wasu karafa ta hanyar zafi. Ana sassaukar da tagulla ta dumama zuwa500°Cda sanyaya cikin ruwa. Idan wannan tsari yana da hankali sosai, to, tagulla ya sake yin wuya. Brass kuma yana fushi da bugun guduma, ƙirƙira. Aluminum, idan yana da taurin mafi girma fiye da yadda ake buƙata, ana iya yin laushi a zafin jiki na450-500°C, tare da jinkirin sanyaya. Yi hankali da aluminum, saboda yana narkewa a zazzabi na650°S.
Game da yin wasan kwaikwayo
Mun fi jefa gubar don bukatun cikin gida. Idan za ta yiwu, sanya gubar da aka tsabtace da mai da fenti a cikin tukunyar ƙarfe da aka ƙera. Ya zubo da kyau a sama300°C. Yi hankali lokacin yin jifa a cikin filasta, domin a cikin filasta danshin da ke cikinsa ya zama tururi a ƙarƙashin rinjayar zafi kuma yana iya lalata ƙirar. Ana iya narke gubar a cikin akwati mai kauri, wanda aka yi da tagulla, wanda muka sarrafa a matsayin jirgin ruwa. Muna dumama shi a kan murhu, a matsayin makoma ta ƙarshe a cikin murhun iskar gas ko kan murhun lantarki (hoto1). Mu yi taka tsantsan yayin aiki da simintin gubar, musamman daga shakar hayakinta. Mu a hankali da sannu a hankali muna cika simintin gyare-gyare da narkakken gubar.
SLIKA 1
Dokokin na yanzu, takaddun fasaha na kayan, kimanta haɗari da umarnin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun suna da iko don aikace-aikacen zamani. Ba za a yi amfani da yanayin yanayin tarihi, matakai da shawarwari daga wannan rubutun azaman hanyar aiki ba.