Inothi Lokuvikeleka Elibalulekile: Lona umbhalo wezemfundo ofakwe kungobo yomlando ovela ku-2018. unyaka, hhayi isiyalo sesimanjemanje, ukuhlolwa kwempahla noma isincomo somkhiqizo. Izinto zangempela, izilinganiso, amathuluzi, izinto zokunamathisela nezinqubo zadluliselwa ngaphandle kokuhlola ngokuvumelana nemithethonqubo yanamuhla nemiyalo yomkhiqizi. I-upholstery endala kanye nama-fillers angase aqukathe uthuli, isikhunta, izinambuzane, izinambuzane noma amakhemikhali asetshenziswe ngaphambilini; iziphethu, izikhonkwane, izinzipho, izindwani, ama-staplers namabhande aqinile athwala ingozi yokulimala, futhi izinto ezinamathelayo zidinga umoya ofanele nokuvikelwa. Iminyango enomlilo, intuthu, ukuvikeleka, ukuphuma noma omunye umsebenzi oqinisekisiwe akumele imbozwe, ibhobhodwe, yenziwe ibe nzima noma ishintshwe ngaphandle kwemvume ebhalwe phansi yomkhiqizi kanye nochwepheshe ogunyaziwe, ngoba izindawo zokusula, ihadiwe, ukuvala nokuphepha kungashintshwa.
Impahla yefenisha nokumbozwa kweminyango ekhona akuyona ingxenye yomnikelo omusha womphakathi we-Savo Kusić. Ukugxila kwamanje amafasitela okhuni, amawindi e-aluminium okhuni nokukhiqizwa kweminyango eyenziwe ngokwezifiso. Ngewindi elithile noma iphrojekthi yomnyango omusha, ungathumela isicelo sekhwothi.
Upholstery wefenisha
Inqubo yokukhuphula - lokhu akulula neze ngakho-ke kunconywa kuphela kulabo abanezandla ezinobuqili - sizochaza ngomsebenzi ovame kakhulu, ukukhushulwa kwe-armchair.
Umsebenzi uqala ngokuqaqa isihlalo esidala. Lapho uvula, kufanele uqaphele futhi ukhumbule isakhiwo se-upholstery, futhi futhi uqaphele ukuthi ungachithi impahla, ngoba sizoyisebenzisa futhi. Kodwa ake sibone, hlobo luni lwezinto ezidingekayo ukuze upholstery? Okokuqala, ama-fillers afanelekile ayadingeka: utshani basolwandle, utshani befilakisi, inkukhu, uboya bekotini, ubuningi bezinwele zezilwane ezihlukahlukene noma, okusetshenziselwa kakhulu: i-laticel ne-foam materials. Udinga futhi amapheshana asekelayo (indwangu, irabha nensimbi), izindwangu zangaphakathi (i-twill, i-molino, i-lining cloth), iziphethu kanye nezinye izinto zephepha lodonga (iphepha, intambo, intambo, intambo yokuhlobisa, izipikili zokuhlobisa) futhi ekugcineni indwangu, isikhumba noma isikhumba sokwenziwa sokumboza. Yebo, udinga amathuluzi afanele: isando, idrayi kanye nesipikili, into yokuqinisa itheyiphu, inaliti eqondile negobile, inaliti ecijile kabili, uphini, isikelo, itheyiphu yokulinganisa, intambo yokuthunga kanye nezikere zensimbi.
Kufanele uyivule kanjani ifenisha enepholstered? Okokuqala, kufanele sikhiphe izipikili zokuhlobisa kanye nephepha lodonga ngamunye ngamunye, bese sisusa indwangu yokumboza. Uma indwangu isesesimweni esihle, khona-ke idinga ukuhlanzwa okomile, futhi uma isivele igugile, khona-ke kufanele sithenge entsha. Ngemuva kwalokhu, i-molino (indwangu emboza i-wadding) kufanele isuswe kanye nokuxubha. (Kutuswa ukushintsha i-wadding endala ufake entsha.) Ngemva kwalokho kufanele sisuse iseyili, utshani basolwandle, iziphethu kanye nezintambo ezisekelayo. I-afro (izinwele) esusiwe idinga ukuhlanzwa kahle othulini futhi iphinde ikhishwe, noma uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, bese icutshungulwa ngesandla. Okokugcina, iziphethu kufanele zihlolwe futhi lezo eziphukile futhi zeluliwe kufanele zishintshwe. Sidinga futhi ukushintsha amakhasethi amadala naqinile ngokwanele.
I-armchair upholstery
Ngemva kokuhlakazwa, ukulungiswa kwamathuluzi nokuthengwa kwezinto ezintsha, i-upholstery ingaqalwa. Singasiphakamisa kanjani kabusha i-armchair? Izihlalo ze-armchair ezifakwe upholstered ngokuvamile zifakwe iziphethu eziphakeme. Ingxenye yesihlalo idinga 9-12 iziphethu, futhi uma i-upholstery endala ingenazo iziphethu eziningi, kufanele yengezwe. (Isitulo sidinga inani elifanayo leziphethu, ubude obuncane kuphela.)
Izintambo eziphethe neziphethu
Izintambo kufanele zixhunywe kuqala kuhlaka lokhuni oluhlanziwe. Beka ukuphela kwe-tape emaphethelweni aphansi efreyimu bese uyinamathisela ngezipikili ezintathu ebangeni 2 cm ukusuka ekugcineni. Bese ubeka ingxenye ethi 2 cm emuva bese uyilungisa ngokuqinile ngezinzipho ezinhlanu. Amapheshana angawodwana kufanele abe nebanga elilinganayo elingu-3–5 cm futhi umugqa ophambanayo wemigqa kufanele ubekwe kumugqa wokugcina ukuze imichilo eqondile nephambeneyo ihlanganiswe. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izintambo ziqine kahle ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuba silungise ukuphela kwamahhala, kufanele ziboshwe ngethuluzi lokucindezela. Uma singenalo ithuluzi elinjalo, singasebenzisa futhi i-slat yokhuni esawn enesigaba esiyindilinga. Sifaka i-tape ekuvuleni okusikiwe kwe-slat futhi ngokusonta i-slat, esasiyicindezele ngaphambili eceleni kwesihlalo se-armchair, sicindezela i-tape. Ngokuqinisekile, ngaphambi kokuhlunga, kufanele ubeke indwangu ethambile phakathi kwe-armchair kanye ne-slat, ukuze ungalimazi i-polish ye-armchair.
Ngemva kokuqinisa izintambo, iziphethu kufanele zinamathiselwe. Okuhamba phambili yiziphethu ezinochungechunge 5-6. Imithombo kufanele ihlale ezindaweni lapho imichilo iwela khona, ngoba ngale ndlela umthamo wayo wokuthwala uyoba mkhulu, futhi kufanele ibekwe ukuze izingwegwe ezisekugcineni kwazo emgqeni owodwa zibheke ngakwesobunxele, futhi komunye umugqa kwesokudla. Iziphethu ezibekwe kahle kufanele zithungwe emabhandeni ekugcineni okuphansi, khona-ke izipikili kufanele zishayelwe kuhlaka, ngendlela efanayo nomugqa wemithombo, futhi izintambo zokubopha imithombo kufanele ziboshwe kulezi zipikili. Umkhawulo owodwa wentambo kufanele uboshwe esipikili, khona-ke entwasahlobo ngayinye, ubophe intambo ezindaweni ezimbili, uyibophe entwasahlobo futhi ekugcineni uyibophe ku-nail ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ngendlela efanayo, iziphethu kufanele ziboshwe ohlangothini oluphambanayo ukuze zimiswe ezindaweni ezine.
I-upholstery ephansi kanye nokugcwalisa
Iziphethu eziboshiwe kufanele zimbozwe ngendwangu yasentwasahlobo (indwangu ye-jute) futhi isembozo kufanele sixhunywe ngokukhululekile ngezinzipho ze-upholstery kuhlaka. I-“filler” ifakwa kukhanvasi weziphethu, isb. ukhula lwasolwandle olusha. I-filler kufanele iqale ibekwe emaphethelweni esihlalo, bese iphakathi nendawo, ngenani elinjalo ukuthi imithombo ayizwakali lapho ihlezi. Ngemva kokubeka i-filler ngokulinganayo, sibeka ingubo engezansi, sinqunywe kusuka ku-twill, futhi siyiqinise okwesikhashana ngezikhonkwane. Ukulungisa kokugcina kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili: 1. phina ikhavasi ngaphansi kwemiphetho eseceleni bese uthunga ngokwenza imiphetho: 2. sibopha i-sargia kuhlaka ngezipikili. Izinzipho, ezidinga ukushayelwa njalo 6-8 cm, siqale sishayele uhafu kuphela, siqinise iseyili bese siyidonsela ezinziphoni bese sishayelela izipikili ngokuphelele okhunini.
Ukuvimbela ukugcwaliswa ukuthi kungaguquki, yonke i-upholstery kufanele ithungwe ngemithungo ehlukaniswe ngokulinganayo. Ngomthungo wokuqala, unqenqema lwe-upholstery kufanele lwamukelwe phakathi kweminwe emine nesithupha, futhi kusukela emunweni ongaphezulu mayelana 5 cm, beka i-seam yokuqala, kanti enye ibanga elilinganayo ukusuka kulo. Bese kuza ukuqedwa kwamaphethelo azungeze isihlalo, ezinhlangothini ezime mpo kanye nangemuva. Ukugcwaliswa kufanele kufakwe futhi, kulungiswe futhi lapho kunesidingo, isigcwalisi kufanele sicindezelwe ngenaliti. Ama-Upholsterers ajwayele izinhlobo eziningana zokuthunga onqenqemeni. Sizochaza ezilula kuphela. Okokuqala udinga ukwakha imiphetho emakhoneni ukuze isigcwalisi singasheleli bese uqala ngokuthunga kokuqala ku-4 cm kusuka onqenqemeni. Inaliti kufanele ifakwe ngesandla sokunene kusukela phansi kuya phezulu, futhi ngesandla sobunxele, cindezela izinto futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ususe noma yikuphi ukungalingani okukhona. Ngemva komthungo wokuqala siqhubeka nokuthunga sisuka kwesokunxele siye kwesokudla ngokuqondile, 4-6 cm imithungo emide.
I-upholstery ephezulu ne-upholstery
Siqala ukuthunga kwesibili ebangeni ukusuka emaphethelweni, kokuthi 2-2,5 cm sisuka kwesokunxele siye kwesokudla ngezitishi ezifanayo. Manje ibanga phakathi kwezingxenye ngazinye kuphela 2 - 3 cm. Ngenkathi sithunga ngesandla sokunene, sakha imiphetho ngesandla sobunxele bese sifaka isicaba sokugcwaliswa. Kuzo zombili izithunga, kufanele usebenzise intambo enhle futhi eqinile futhi ngemva 4 - 5 ohlangothini olungezansi, bopha ukuthunga ukuze kamuva, uma kunesidingo, ukwazi ukukuqinisa. Ngalokhu, ekugcineni sesiyiqedile i-upholstery ephansi lapho i-upholstery ephezulu ibekwe khona.
Isigcwalisi asikwazi ukulungiswa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze indwangu engezansi ibe isicaba ngokuphelele ngemva kokuthunga. Amaqhubu asele nokungalingani asuswa nge-upholstery ephezulu. Ukuma kokugcina kwe-upholstery kungabuye kwakhiwe yi-upholstering ephezulu. Ngakho-ke, ungqimba olusha lwe-filler kufanele lubekwe kungqimba olungezansi. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthamba kanye nendawo eyisicaba ye-upholstery. Okokuqala, udinga ukugcwalisa ama-depression adalwe lapho uthunga imiphetho kanye ne-quilting, bese ungqimba olusha lwe-filler lufakwa ebugqileni be-2-3 cm. Ngale njongo kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa izinwele ezinhle, i-laticel noma impahla yegwebu. Isendlalelo esincanyana soboya bekotini kufanele sibekwe ngokulinganayo phezu kwesendlalelo sokugcwalisa ekugcineni futhi imiphetho yalolu ungqimba kufanele ifakwe ngaphansi kwezinto zokugcwalisa ukuze isigcwalisi singangeni kamuva “ngendwangu yefenisha”.
Umsebenzi olandelayo ukubeka indwangu yocingo ehlanganiswe ne-moline. Indlela elula yokunamathisela le lining iwukuthungela onqenqemeni. I-molino ehlanganisiwe, izilinganiso zayo ezihambisana nendawo ephakanyisiwe, kufanele iqoqwe emaphethelweni cishe ngo-1 cm futhi inamathiselwe emagumbini amane engxenye ekhushuliwe ngezikhonkwane. Bese uqondisa ngokucophelela isihlalo se-armchair, mhlawumbe ngisho uhlale kuso, ukuze i-molino ibambelele kahle ku-upholstery bese uyiqinisa futhi ngezikhonkwane. I-molino eyisicaba ngokuphelele, engenamibimbi, kufanele ithungelwe emaphethelweni ngemithungo evulekile.
Kungcono kakhulu ukumboza i-upholstery ngento elukwe ngokuminyene ngaphansi ukuze uvimbele izinhlayiya zesigcwali ukuthi zingawi bese zingcolisa phansi.
Manje imisebenzi yangaphakathi isivele iqediwe futhi singaqala ukumboza, okungukuthi, ukufaka i-upholstery. Okokuqala, indwangu kufanele inqunywe usayizi odingekayo futhi yelulwe kahle etafuleni ukuze ingadluli futhi idale imibimbi ngokushesha ngemva kokufakwa. Indwangu eyeluliwe kufanele ibekwe ebusweni ukuze ihlanganiswe futhi ilungiswe ngesipikili esisodwa emagumbini amane. Bese ubopha izinhlangothi ezimbili ngezipikili, futhi uziqinise ezinhlangothini eziphambene bese uzishaya ngezandla zakho. Uma uqinisa futhi uqondisa, sebenza kusukela phakathi nendawo kuya emaphethelweni ukuze ugweme ama-creases. Ukuqiniswa kufanele kuqhutshwe kuze kube yilapho ubuso buyisicaba ngokuphelele. Emakhoneni, indwangu kufanele iqoqwe ukuze imiphetho ilingane futhi iphathwe ngezithungo ezifihliwe. Qaphela! Ubuso kufanele futhi bube flat lapha.
Uma sifuna ukubeka intambo yokuhlobisa emaphethelweni aphansi esihlalo se-armchair, khona-ke ukuqiniswa kwendwangu kufanele kwenziwe ngaphandle kokuhlanza, okungukuthi, ukuyibethela ngezipikili ze-upholstery kuhlaka lwamapulangwe bese umboza nxazonke ngobubanzi obufunayo. Uma sifuna ukusebenzisa izipikili zokuhlobisa, indwangu kufanele ifakwe engxenyeni engezansi yefreyimu ukuze ingxenye yobubanzi obungaba ngu-1 cm ibuyiselwe emaphethelweni endwangu futhi ibethelwe kahle ngezipikili ze-upholstery. Ekugcineni, sishayela izipikili zokuhlobisa nxazonke onqenqemeni olungezansi, siqinisekisa ukuthi zisebangeni elifanayo.
Upholstery emnyango
Ukwenyuswa kwezicabha kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili, kuye ngokwakhiwa kwazo. Enye yezindlela idinga ukuthi umnyango, esifuna upholster, ube flat ngokuphelele, ngoba ke upholstery ingafakwa ngqo ebusweni bomnyango.
Izinto ezidingekayo
I-Insulation: okokusebenza kwegwebu elithambile, ukujiya kwepuleti 20-30 mm ubukhulu obuhambisana nobukhulu bomnyango (okungenzeka kusuka kuzingcezu ezimbalwa). Ulayini: isibhakabhaka esithambile, esinwebekayo esinobukhulu obukhulu ngo-10 cm kunobukhulu bomnyango. Glue: uhlobo oluthile lweglue yokwenziwa eyomisa ngokushesha. Izinzipho. izipikili zokuhlobisa iphepha lokunamathisela odongeni, ukulungisa izinzipho zifiphele. 16x16 (fig. 1, ingxenye a.)
Isicabha esiyisicaba
Izibambo zezicabha kanye nezingidi zensimbi kufanele zihlakazwe bese zikhishwa futhi zibekwe endaweni evundlile. Ngepensela, dweba ifremu ye-1,5 cm ukusuka onqenqemeni (fig. 1, ingxenye b). Uma ufuna upholster kuphela ohlangothini lomnyango obhekene nefreyimu, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokukhipha izibambo, kufanele uvale umnyango bese uphawula eduze kwefreyimu ukuthi i-upholstery izohamba kude kangakanani. Kulolu phawu lokuthi 1,5 cm ngaphakathi kufanele kudwetshwe uhlaka olusha. Sika ishidi le-foam ncamashi ngokuhambisana nobukhulu balolu hlaka lwangaphakathi bese usika indawo yeshidi lokukhiya kulo (fig. 1, ingxenye c). Ingaphezulu lomnyango kanye nengaphezulu lebhodi le-foam kufanele ligcotshwe ngeglue futhi ubeke ngokucophelela impahla yegwebu endaweni ephawuliwe bese uyinamathisela (umkhiwane 1, ingxenye d.).
Isithombe 1
Khona-ke (ngokuphakamisa imiphetho) i-glue kufanele isetshenziswe ezinhlangothini zebhodi le-foam kanye nendawo engezansi yomnyango eduze kohlaka ngobubanzi3 cm(fig.1, ingxenye e). Kufanele silinde i-glue ukuze “ibambe” kancane futhi ngethuluzi eliyisicaba (isb. I-screwdriver ebanzi) cindezela ngokucophelela futhi ulungise umkhawulo ongezansi we-foam material bese uyinamathisela (fig.1, ingxenye f.) Esisekelweni esilungiselelwe ngale ndlela, izinto zesembozo sesibhakabhaka kufanele zibekwe, ziqiniswe futhi zilungiswe endaweni ngayinye.5-10 cm ngezipikili, ukuze izipikili zishayelwe phakathi nendawo kuphela. Khona-ke izulu liyasikwa njengoba lishiywe1 cmkusuka kuhlaka oludwetshiwe (isib.1, ingxenye g).
Ngokukhiya, unqenqema lunqunywa kancane, khona-ke indawo yesibambo kanye nokuvulwa kokhiye kuyasikwa (isib.1, ingxenye h.) I-skylight ilungiswa kusukela phansi ngokunamathisela bese kufakwa ishidi lokukhiya. Izipikili zokubopha kufanele zisuswe ngamunye (isib.1, ingxenye i.) futhi ngokuphenduka okuqhubekayo kwemiphetho yesiketi kanye nokuqina, lungisa uhhafu ngezipikili. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ngenkathi ususa izipikili zokulungisa ngokuqhubekayo, bethelela izipikili zokuhlobisa (isib.1ingxenye j) Lungisa amakhona kuqala. Ibanga eliphakeme phakathi kwamakhanda ezipikili lingaba 1-2 mm. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi unqenqema lubushelelezi, noma uzipho, alukho ngaphandle kohlaka olumakiwe.
Iminyango enezifakwa
Uma ubuso bomnyango bungekho flat kodwa ngokufaka, i-upholstery kufanele yenziwe ngesisekelo esikhethekile. Izinto ezengeziwe ezidingekayo kule ndlela yokusebenza yilezi: i-plywood noma i-fiberboard ewugqinsi3-5 mmkobukhulu bepuleti lesisekelo le-po3 cmezincane kunobukhulu bomnyango. I-twine ebophayo: intambo yelineni noma intambo encane, izinkinobho zokuhlobisa ezine-skein wrap.
Isithombe2
Okokuqala, dweba igridi yokubeka izinkinobho esisekelweni nasebhodini legwebu (ibanga phakathi kwemigqa evundlile kufanele libe 10 cm kanye nemigqa eqondile 7,5 cm). Ezimpambanweni zale migqa, izimbobo ezinobubanzi obungu-5 mm kufanele zibhodwe ku-base plate, kanye nezimbobo ezinobubanzi obungu-30-40 mm ebhodini legwebu. Izimbobo zingafakwa ebhodini le-foam nge-punch yesikhumba (noma, ngaphandle kwalokho, isikhunta se-scone esinamaphethelo abukhali ngokucindezela nokuphenduka, umkhiwane. 1, ingxenye k.) Ngemva kokubhoboza izimbobo, izinto ze-foam kufanele zihlanganiswe (ngaphandle kokunamathisela emaphethelweni), izipikili zomphetho kufanele zibekwe ngesando. Intambo yelineni eqinile kufanele ifakwe kuma-buttonholes futhi i-awl yokuthunga noma inaliti ekhonjwe kabili kufanele idlule ezimbotsheni - (fig. 2). Ngemva kokufaka izinkinobho, intambo kufanele ilinyazwe ezipikili ezishayelwa phakathi nendawo bese uzilungisa ngokushayela ezipikili. Manje sesingakwazi ukususa izipikili isibhakabhaka esinamathiselwe ngazo futhi sinamathisele i-base plate emnyango ngezikulufo. Eminye imisebenzi iyafana naleyo echazwe ngaphambilini. Sizofinyelela umphumela ofanayo uma sithenga izipikili ezikhethekile, amakhanda esiwamboza nge-scaly. Sidweba igridi esiketini ngeshoki yomthungi, sibhoboze amaphuzu afanele nge-awl bese sishaya izipikili ngethuluzi ekujuleni okufunayo.