Chidziwitso Chofunika Chachitetezo: Awa ndi mawu aphunziro osungidwa kuchokera ku 2018. chaka, osati malangizo amakono, kuwunika kwazinthu kapena malingaliro azinthu. Zida zoyambirira, miyeso, zida, zomatira ndi njira zinasamutsidwa popanda kufufuza molingana ndi malamulo amasiku ano ndi malangizo a wopanga. Upholstery wakale ndi zodzaza zimatha kukhala ndi fumbi, nkhungu, zowononga, tizirombo kapena mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale; akasupe, zikhomo, misomali, masamba, staplers ndi zomangira zomangira zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chovulala, ndipo zomatira zimafunikira mpweya wabwino ndi chitetezo. Zitseko zomwe zimakhala ndi moto, utsi, chitetezo, kuthawa kapena ntchito zina zovomerezeka siziyenera kutsekedwa, kubowola, kupanga zovuta kapena kusinthidwa popanda chilolezo cholembedwa cha wopanga ndi katswiri wovomerezeka, chifukwa zilolezo, hardware, kutseka ndi chitetezo zimatha kusinthidwa.
Zovala za mipando ndi zotchingira zitseko zomwe zilipo kale si gawo lazotsatsa zatsopano za Savo Kusić. Zomwe zikuchitika panopa ndi mazenera amatabwa, mawindo a aluminiyamu amatabwa ndi kupanga zitseko zopangidwa mwamakonda. Pazenera linalake kapena pulojekiti yatsopano yapakhomo, mutha kutumiza pempho la mtengo.
Zopangira mipando
Njira yopangira upholstering - izi sizosavuta konse ndipo zimangolimbikitsidwa kwa iwo omwe ali ndi manja aluso - tidzafotokozera m’ntchito yodziwika bwino, kukweza mpando.
Ntchito imayamba ndikuchotsa mpando wakale wakumanja. Povumbulutsa, muyenera kusamala ndikukumbukira kapangidwe ka upholstery, komanso samalani kuti musawononge zinthuzo, chifukwa tidzazigwiritsanso ntchito. Koma tiyeni tiwone, ndi zinthu zamtundu wanji zomwe zimafunikira upholstery? Choyamba, zodzaza zoyenera zimafunika: udzu wa m’nyanja, udzu wa fulakesi, nkhuku, ubweya wa thonje, unyinji wa ubweya wa nyama kapena, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri: laticel ndi thovu. Mufunikanso zingwe zothandizira (nsalu, mphira ndi zitsulo), nsalu zamkati (twill, molino, nsalu zotchinga), akasupe ndi mapepala ena amtundu (mapepala, zingwe, ulusi, zingwe zokongoletsera, misomali yokongoletsera) ndipo potsiriza nsalu, chikopa kapena chikopa chopangira chophimba. Zoonadi, mukufunikira zida zoyenera: nyundo, chokoka ndi msomali, chokoka tepi, singano yowongoka ndi yokhotakhota, singano yolowera pawiri, pliers, lumo, tepi yoyezera, ulusi wosoka ndi shears zachitsulo.
Kodi mungavumbulutse bwanji mipando yokwezeka? Choyamba, tiyenera kuchotsa misomali yokongoletsera ndi wallpaper imodzi ndi imodzi, ndikuchotsa nsalu yophimba. Ngati nsaluyo idakali yabwino, ndiye kuti iyenera kutsukidwa bwino, ndipo ngati yatha kale, ndiye kuti tiyenera kugula yatsopano. Pambuyo pake, molino (nsalu yomwe imaphimba nsonga) iyenera kuchotsedwa komanso kupukuta. (Ndikoyenera kuti m’malo mwa wadding wakale ndi watsopano.) Kenako tiyenera kuchotsa chinsalu, udzu wa m’nyanja, akasupe ndi zingwe zothandizira. Afro (tsitsi) yochotsedwayo iyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi fumbi ndikuphwanyidwanso, kapena ngati sizingatheke, ndikukonzedwa ndi manja. Pomaliza, akasupe ayenera kuyang’aniridwa ndipo omwe athyoka ndi kutambasula ayenera kusinthidwa. Tiyeneranso kusintha matepi akale komanso osakwanira amphamvu.
Zovala zapampando
Pambuyo pa kutha, kukonza zida ndi kugula zinthu zatsopano, upholstery ikhoza kuyambika. Kodi tingakonze bwanji mpando wa armchair? Zipando zokhala ndi upholstered nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi akasupe apamwamba. Gawo la mpando likufunika 9-12 akasupe, ndipo ngati upholstery yakale inalibe akasupe ambiri, iyenera kuwonjezeredwa. (Mpando umafunika akasupe amtundu womwewo, kutalika kocheperako.)
Zingwe zonyamulira ndi akasupe
Zomangira zimayenera kumangiriridwa pamtengo woyeretsedwa. Ikani mapeto a tepi pamphepete mwa m’munsi mwa chimango ndi msomali ndi misomali itatu pamtunda wa 2 cm kuchokera kumapeto. Kenako ikani gawo la 2 cm kumbuyo ndikulikonza mwamphamvu ndi misomali isanu. Zingwezo ziyenera kukhala ndi mtunda wofanana wa 3–5 cm ndipo mizere yopingasa iyenera kuyikidwa pamzere womaliza kuti mizere yowongoka ndi yopingasa ikhale yolumikizana. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zingwezo zikhale zomangika bwino, choncho, tisanakonze mapeto aulere, ayenera kumangirizidwa ndi chida chothandizira. Ngati tilibe chida choterocho, tingagwiritsenso ntchito matabwa a matabwa okhala ndi gawo lozungulira. Timayika tepiyo pakutsegula kodulidwa kwa slat ndikupotoza slat, yomwe tidayikapo kale pambali pa mpando wa mkono, timakakamiza tepiyo. Ndithudi, musanayambe kusokoneza, muyenera kuika nsalu yofewa pakati pa mpando wa mkono ndi slat, kuti musawononge kupukutira kwa mpando.
Mutamanga zingwe, akasupe ayenera kumangirizidwa. Zabwino kwambiri ndi akasupe omwe ali ndi 5-6 ulusi. Akasupewo akhazikike pa malo amene mizereyo imadutsa, chifukwa mwanjira imeneyi mphamvu yake yonyamulira idzakhala yokulirapo, ndipo aziikidwe kotero kuti zokowera za m’mphepete mwake mumzere umodzi ziyang’ane kumanzere, ndi mzere wina kumanja. Akasupe oyikidwa bwino ayenera kusokedwa ku zingwe kumapeto kwenikweni, kenako misomali iyenera kukhomeredwa mu chimango, mofanana ndi mzere wa akasupe, ndipo zingwe zomangira akasupe ziyenera kumangiriridwa ku misomaliyi. Mapeto amodzi a chingwecho ayenera kumangirizidwa ku msomali, ndiye pa kasupe aliyense, amangirizeni chingwecho m’malo awiri, amangirire ku kasupe ndipo potsiriza amangire pa msomali kumbali inayo. Momwemonso, akasupe ayenera kumangirizidwa kunjira yodutsa kuti akhazikike pamfundo zinayi.
Pansi pa upholstery ndi kudzaza
Akasupe omangika aphimbidwe ndi nsalu za masika (nsalu ya jute) ndipo chophimbacho chiyenera kumangiriridwa momasuka ndi misomali ya upholstery ku chimango. “Filler” imayikidwa pansalu ya akasupe, mwachitsanzo. udzu wotsitsimula. Chodzazacho chiyenera kuikidwa choyamba pamphepete mwa mpando, ndiye pakati, mu kuchuluka kwakuti akasupe samveka atakhala. Titayika zodzaza mofanana, timayika chinsalu chapansi, kudula kuchokera ku twill, ndikuchilimbitsa kwakanthawi ndi zikhomo. Kukonza komaliza kutha kuchitika m’njira ziwiri: 1. sungani chinsalu cham’mbali mwa m’mphepete ndikusoka popanga m’mphepete: 2. timamanga sargia ku chimango ndi misomali. Misomali, yomwe imafunika kukhomeredwa 6-8 cm, choyamba timangoyendetsa pakati, kumangitsa chinsalu ndikuchikokera pamisomali kenako ndikumangirira misomali kwathunthu mumatabwa.
Kuteteza kudzazidwa kuti kusasunthike, upholstery yonse iyenera kusokedwa ndi mizere yofanana. Kwa msoko woyamba, m’mphepete mwa upholstery uyenera kulandiridwa pakati pa zala zinayi ndi chala chachikulu, ndipo kuchokera ku chala chapamwamba pafupi 5 cm, ikani msoko woyamba, ndi enawo pamtunda wofanana ndi uwu. Kenako pamabwera kutsirizitsa kwa m’mphepete mozungulira mpando, m’mbali zoyima ndi kumbuyo. Kudzazidwa kuyenera kuyikidwanso, kusinthidwa ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, chodzazacho chiyenera kukanikizidwa ndi singano. Upholsterers amadziwa mitundu ingapo ya kusokera m’mphepete. Tidzalongosola zophweka zokha. Choyamba muyenera kupanga m’mphepete pamakona kuti chodzazacho chisasunthike kenako ndikuyamba kusoka koyamba pa 4 cm kuchokera m’mphepete. Singano iyenera kulowetsedwa ndi dzanja lamanja kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba, ndipo ndi dzanja lamanzere, finyani zinthuzo ndipo nthawi yomweyo muchotse kusagwirizana kulikonse. Mukangosoka koyamba timapitiriza kusoka kusuntha kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja ndikuwongoka, 4-6 cm zosoka zazitali.
Upholstery wapamwamba ndi upholstery
Timayamba kusokera kwachiwiri patali kuchokera m’mphepete, kwa 2-2,5 cm kusuntha kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja ndi masititchi ofanana. Tsopano mtunda pakati pa zigawozo ndi 2 - 3 cm. Pamene tikusoka ndi dzanja lamanja, timapanga m’mphepete ndi dzanja lamanzere ndikuwongolera kudzazidwa. Pazosoka zonse ziwiri, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe chabwino komanso champhamvu ndipo pambuyo 4 - 5 mbali ya pansi, mumangireni kusoka kotero kuti pambuyo pake, ngati kuli kofunikira, mutha kumangitsa. Ndi ichi, potsiriza tatsiriza upholstery yapansi yomwe pamwamba pake imayikidwa.
Chodzaza sichingasinthidwe nthawi zonse kuti nsalu yapansi ikhale yosalala pambuyo pa kusoka. Zotsalira zotsalira ndi zosagwirizana zimachotsedwa ndi upholstery wapamwamba. Maonekedwe omaliza a upholstery amathanso kupangidwa ndi upholstering wapamwamba. Choncho, wosanjikiza watsopano wa filler ayenera kuikidwa pansi wosanjikiza. Izi zimatsimikizira kufewa komanso kusalala pamwamba pa upholstery. Choyamba, muyenera kudzaza ma depressants omwe adapangidwa posoka m’mphepete ndi quilting, ndiyeno wosanjikiza watsopano umayikidwa mu makulidwe a 2-3 cm. Pachifukwa ichi ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito tsitsi labwino kwambiri, laticel kapena thovu. Ubweya wopyapyala wa thonje uyenera kuyikidwa mofanana pa choyikapo chodzaza kumapeto ndipo m’mphepete mwa wosanjikizawu uyenera kuyikidwa pansi pa zinthu zodzaza kuti chodzazacho chisalowetsenso “nsalu ya mipando”.
Ntchito yotsatira ndikuyika nsalu yopangidwa kuchokera ku moline. Njira yosavuta yolumikizira chinsaluchi ndikuchisokera m’mphepete. Molino wopangidwa, miyeso yake yomwe imagwirizana ndi upholstered pamwamba, iyenera kusonkhanitsidwa m’mphepete mwa pafupifupi 1 cm ndikumangiriza kumakona anayi a gawo lokwezeka ndi zikhomo. Kenaka muwongole bwino mpandowo, mwinamwake ngakhale kukhalapo, kotero kuti molino imamatira bwino ku upholstery ndikuyimitsanso ndi zikhomo. Molino wathyathyathya, wopanda makwinya, uyenera kusokedwa m’mphepete ndi nsonga zotsegula.
Ndi bwino kuphimba upholstery ndi zida zolukidwa kwambiri pansi kuti tinthu tating’onoting’ono ta zodzaza zisagwe ndikuipitsidwa pansi.
Tsopano ntchito zamkati zatha kale ndipo tikhoza kuyamba kuphimba, ndiko kuti, kukhazikitsa upholstery. Choyamba, nsaluyo iyenera kudulidwa kukula kofunikira ndikutambasula bwino patebulo kuti isatambasule ndikupanga makwinya atangomaliza kukhazikitsa. Nsalu yotambasulidwa iyenera kuyikidwa pamwamba kuti iphimbidwe ndikukhazikika ndi msomali umodzi pamakona anayi. Kenaka sungani mbali ziwirizo ndi misomali, ndipo muzimangire kumbali zosiyana ndikuzigunda ndi manja anu. Mukamangirira ndi kuwongola, gwiritsani ntchito kuchokera pakati mpaka m’mphepete kuti mupewe ma creases. Kumangitsa kuyenera kupitilizidwa mpaka pamwamba pakhale pompopompo. Pamakona, nsaluyo iyenera kusonkhanitsidwa kuti mapikowo akhale ofanana ndi kuthandizidwa ndi zobisika zobisika. Chenjerani! Pamwamba payeneranso kukhala lathyathyathya apa.
Ngati tikufuna kuyika chingwe chokongoletsera m’mphepete mwa pansi pa mpando, ndiye kuti kumangiriza kwa nsaluyo kuyenera kuchitidwa popanda kusanza, mwachitsanzo, msomali ndi misomali ya upholstery ku matabwa a matabwa ndikuphimba mozungulira ndi m’lifupi mwake. Ngati tikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito misomali yokongoletsera, nsaluyo iyenera kumangirizidwa kumunsi kwa chimango kuti gawo la m’lifupi mwake pafupifupi 1 cm libwezeretsedwe kuchokera pamphepete mwa nsalu ndikukhomeredwa bwino ndi misomali ya upholstery. Pomaliza, timakhomerera misomali yokongoletsera kuzungulira m’mphepete mwamunsi, kuonetsetsa kuti ili pamtunda womwewo.
Pakhomo
Kukweza zitseko zitha kuchitika m’njira ziwiri, kutengera kapangidwe kake. Imodzi mwa njira zimafuna kuti chitseko, chomwe tikufuna kuti upholster chikhale chophwanyika, chifukwa ndiye kuti upholstery ikhoza kuikidwa mwachindunji pamwamba pa chitseko.
Zofunika
Insulation: zinthu zofewa za thovu, makulidwe a mbale 20-30 mm miyeso yolingana ndi miyeso ya zitseko (mwina kuchokera kuzidutswa zingapo). Lining: thambo lofewa, lotanuka lokhala ndi miyeso yokulirapo 10 cm kuposa miyeso ya chitseko. Glue: guluu wamtundu wina wowuma mwachangu. Misomali. misomali yokongoletsa pazithunzi, kukonza misomali kuchepa. 16x16 (mku. 1, gawo a.)
Khomo lathyathyathya
Zogwirizira zitseko ndi maloko azitsulo ziyenera kuthyoledwa ndiyeno nkuchotsedwa ndikuyikidwa pamalo opingasa. Ndi pensulo, jambulani chimango cha 1,5 cm kuchokera m’mphepete (mkuyu 1, gawo b). Ngati mukufuna kukweza mbali yokha ya chitseko chomwe chikuyang’anizana ndi chimango, ndiye musanachotse zogwirira ntchito, muyenera kutseka chitseko ndikulemba pafupi ndi chimango kuti upholstery idzapita kutali bwanji. Kuchokera pachizindikirochi cha 1,5 cm mkati mwake chimango chatsopano chiyenera kujambulidwa. Dulani pepala la thovu ndendende molingana ndi kukula kwa chimango chamkati ndikudula malo a loko yotchinga (mkuyu 1, gawo c). Pamwamba pa chitseko ndi pamwamba pa bolodi la thovu ziyenera kupakidwa ndi guluu ndikuyika mosamalitsa thovu pamalo olembedwapo ndikumamatira (mkuyu 1, gawo d.).
Chithunzi 1
Kenako (pokweza m’mphepete) guluu uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumbali ya thovu bolodi ndi m’munsi pamwamba pa chitseko pafupi ndi chimango m’lifupi mwake.3 cm(chith.1gawo e). Tiyenera kudikirira guluu kuti “agwire” pang’ono ndi chida chathyathyathya (mwachitsanzo, screwdriver yayikulu) kanikizani mosamala ndikusintha m’mphepete mwa thovu ndikumata (mkuyu.1, gawo f.) Patsinde lokonzekera motere, zinthu zakuthambo ziyenera kuyikidwa, zomangika ndikukhazikika pa chilichonse.5-10 cm ndi misomali, kotero kuti misomali imakhomeredwa mu theka chabe. Kenako thambo likudulidwa pamene latsala1 cmkuchokera ku chimango chokokedwa (mkuyu.1gawo g).
Ndi loko, m’mphepete mwadulidwa pang’ono, ndiye malo a chogwirira ndi kutsegula kwa kiyi amadulidwa (mkuyu.1, gawo h.) Kuwala kwakumwamba kumakhazikika kuchokera pansi ndi gluing ndiyeno pepala lokhoma limayikidwa. Misomali yomangirira iyenera kuchotsedwa payekhapayekha (mkuyu.1, gawo i.) ndi kutembenuka kosalekeza kwa m’mphepete mwa siketi ndi kukanikiza, konzani theka ndi misomali. Pambuyo pake, pochotsa misomali yokonzekera mosalekeza, misomali yokongoletsa (mkuyu.1gawo j) Konzani makona poyamba. Mtunda waukulu pakati pa mitu ya misomali ukhoza kukhala 1-2 mm. Chisamaliro chiyenera kuchitidwa kuonetsetsa kuti m’mphepete mwake ndi yosalala, kapena msomali, musakhale kunja kwa chimango chodziwika.
Zitseko zokhala ndi zolowetsa
Ngati pamwamba pa khomo si lathyathyathya koma ndi kuika, upholstery ayenera kupangidwa mwapadera. Zowonjezera zomwe zimafunikira panjira iyi ndi: plywood kapena fiberboard wandiweyani3-5 mmkwa miyeso yoyambira pansi pa po3 cmyaying’ono kuposa miyeso ya chitseko. Ulusi womangiriza: ulusi wa bafuta kapena ulusi woonda, mabatani okongoletsera okhala ndi skein.
Chithunzi2
Choyamba, jambulani gululi kuti muyike mabatani pansi ndi pa thovu bolodi (mtunda pakati pa mizere yopingasa ukhale 10 cm ndi mizere yowongoka 7,5 cm). Pamphambano za mizereyi, mabowo okhala ndi mainchesi 5 mm abowole pa mbale yoyambira, ndi mabowo okhala ndi mainchesi 30-40 mm pa foam board. Mabowo amatha kuponyedwa pa bolodi la thovu ndi nkhonya ya chikopa (kapena, popanda izo, nkhungu ya scone yokhala ndi nsonga zakuthwa ndi kupsyinjika ndi kutembenuka, mkuyu. 1, gawo k.) Pambuyo pobowola mabowo, zinthu za thovu ziyenera kumangirizidwa (popanda gluing m’mphepete), misomali ya m’mphepete iyenera kuikidwa ndi nyundo. Ulusi wamphamvu wansalu ulowetsedwe m’mabowo a mabataniwo ndipo adutsenso nsonga yosokera kapena singano yosongoka pawiri m’mitsempha yake - (mkuyu 2). Pambuyo poyika mabataniwo, chingwecho chiyenera kuvulazidwa pamisomali yomwe imakhomeredwa pakati ndikuyikonza poyendetsa misomali. Tsopano titha kuchotsa misomali yomwe thambo limamangiriridwa ndikuyika mbale yoyambira pachitseko ndi zomangira. Ntchito zina ndizofanana ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa kale. Tidzakwaniritsa zotsatira zofanana ngati tigula misomali yapadera, mitu yomwe timaphimba ndi scaly. Timajambula gululi pa siketi ndi choko cha telala, kuboola mfundo zoyenera ndi awl ndikumenyetsa misomali ndi chida mpaka kuya komwe tikufuna.