Isexwayiso Esibalulekile: Lona umbhalo wengobo yomlando womlando, hhayi umshini wamanje, ukuhlola ubungozi noma imanuwali yokusebenza. Isivinini, ukuxhunywa, amathuluzi, izinyathelo zokuvikela kanye nezinqubo ezichaziwe kufanele kubhekwe ngokwemithethonqubo esebenzayo, imibhalo yomkhiqizi kanye nezimo zangempela zokusebenza. Ukusebenza ngamathuluzi okusika ajikelezayo, imishini yokugaya odongeni, ukufakwa kukagesi, insimbi yeshidi namaphampu kudinga ubuchwepheshe nokuvikelwa okufanele.
Lo mbhalo awukona ukunikezwa kwemishini noma amathuluzi we-Savo Kusić. Ukunikezwa kwamanje kugxile emafasiteleni, iminyango kanye nokukhiqizwa kokubaza okungokwezifiso.
Isithwebuli sezimoto
Njengesinamathiselo sekhanda lokubhola likagesi elibanjwa ngesandla futhi esikhundleni salokho, njengomshini ozishayelayo, kukhona neplanedi enenjini. Ingxenye yokusebenza yomshini i-roller eyodwa enezinsimbi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezihambisana ne-axis yokujikeleza futhi ezibandakanya izinkuni, njengoba zibekwe ku-roller casing. Izindlu zokunamathiselwe kwipulani zinesembozo kanye nendawo yokuphumula ehambisanayo ebekwa phezulu ukuze icutshungulwe futhi lapho idonselwa khona futhi kusetshenzwe njengepulani elivamile.
Indawo ehleliwe ingamasentimitha ambalwa ububanzi nezingxenye eziyishumi ezimbalwa zemilimitha ukushona. Singaqinisa uxhumo kuthebula lomsebenzi. Futhi kuleso simo, sithola umshini ozinzile lapho into kuyiyona esiyidonsele phezu kweplanethi. Umshini onjalo ungasisindisa umzamo omkhulu futhi unikeze imiphumela emihle, kodwa ngaphansi kwesimo esisodwa: ukuthi sesiyazi kakade ukuhlela ngesandla.
I-Rotary rasp
Ngosizo lokunamathiselwe okungabizi, noma yikuphi umshini wokugaya ugesi ungashintshwa ube yi-rotary rasp yokwenza izinkuni. Iqukethe irola elinamazinyo, 6-8 millimeters ububanzi kanye namasentimitha ambalwa ubude. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-roller iboshwe ekhanda elijikelezayo le-drill, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ifakwe ku-shank nge-ball bear. Ngakho-ke, sibamba isibambo ngesandla sobunxele, futhi nge-drill kwesokudla kanye nengxenye yokusebenza - i-roller - sicubungula ubuso bento, okumele ilungiswe ngokusebenzisa isiteji, uma ubuso bungeyona ingxenye yento enzima kakhulu. Uma sithola amabili noma amathathu alawa ma-rasps, ubude obuhlukene nama-grits, singenza cishe wonke umsebenzi wokufayila izinkuni esivame ukuwenza nge-rasp yesandla. Lezi, okokuqala, ukuzungeza imiphetho, ukucutshungulwa kwamabhilidi, ama-slabs, ama-slats, ukubunjwa kwezinkuni zobukhulu obuphakathi (kusuka kumasentimitha amabili kuya kwamathathu), ukunwetshwa kwemigodi emabhodini obukhulu obuphakathi, njalonjalo.
Umshini wokugaya
Umshini omncane wokugaya ungaba usizo olukhulu, futhi ube ne-lil ngaphandle kwenjini yawo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ilungisiwe noma iselula. Ihlinzekwa ngokukhethwa okukhulu kwamabhithi e-router emisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Ngosizo lomshini wokugaya, singakwazi ukubumba ama-slats efenisha, izinhlangothi zangaphandle zefenisha zibanika isimo esifisayo, singakwazi ukusika kabili ama-notches ezingxenyeni zefenisha (isibonelo ama-slots for drawers), singenza izikhala ngendlela yomsila we-Iastina nezinye izimo; kusuka kuma-slats angunxande we-Ill singakhipha amaphrofayili ozimele nokunye. Uma kungenjalo, umshini kufanele uphathwe ngokucophelela, ukuze umsebenzi wamukeleke ngobuhle, ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yesivinini esikhulu lapho umshini wokugaya usebenza khona (mayelana 2000 ukuguqulwa ngomzuzu nangaphezulu), kubalulekile ukuthi ungafaki isandla sakho eduze nomshini wokugaya. Kunamarutha amaningi angaxhunywa, futhi ngalinye lisetshenziselwa izimo ezithile zemifantu nezindawo zokuhlala. kulula ukuba nezilinganiso ezincane, umshini wokugaya unikeza amathuba amaningi kakhulu - amakhulu kakhulu kunezidingo zendlu Futhi lokho kuchaza ukusetshenziswa kwawo okwandayo phakathi kwezingcweti ezichwepheshile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nakuba singakwazi ukwenza ama-grooves nama-notches, ama-grooves kanye nezindawo zokuhlala ngamashizolo namasaha, akunakwenzeka, okungenani kunzima kakhulu, ukwenza amaphrofayili athile kuma-slats, amabhodi, izingcezu ze-III zefenisha ngaphandle kwalo mshini. Ekugcineni, umthetho uyasebenza nasemshinini wokugaya ukuthi kungcono uqale uthole umkhuba ngamathuluzi ezandla, bese uqhubekela phambili ekucubunguleni umshini.
Umshini wokugaya wezindonga
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zomzila odongeni, ezingaphinda zitholakale njengesengezo esengeziwe sokubhoboza ugesi, ziyinsimbi ejikelezayo eyindilinga endlini ehlala phezu kwamasondo enjoloba. Isetshenziswa ngokuyihudula izikhathi eziningana phezu kodonga ngendlela efanayo oyifunayo, ngaleyo ndlela ithole ukusikeka okubili odongeni, futhi kamuva, ukususa i-plaster, sithola ukucindezeleka kwamasentimitha amaningana. I-recess yinde futhi inesimo esivamile ukuze amapayipi okufakwayo afakwe kuwo ngaphandle kobunzima. Kufanele, vele, sinamathisele udonga futhi ngemva kokufaka ipayipi.
Le nsiza engaziwa kangako yokubhoboza ugesi ingasisiza uma sifuna ukunweba ukufakwa kukagesi. Lo msebenzi, noma kunjalo, uhlanganiswe kangcono nokudweba ekugcineni kwezindonga noma ukufakwa kwephepha lodonga elisha.
Izikele zengadi
Amashekeli angadi ayisisetshenziswa esijwayelekile sokubhoboza ugesi ukuze kwenziwe ingadi. Ifomu nokusetshenziswa kwazo akudingi izincazelo ezikhethekile. Njengoba ukusebenza kwawo kudinga amandla amancane, amamodeli anamandla ebhethri noma ama-accumulators akhelwe ngaphakathi nawo akhiqizwa.
Izikele zensimbi zeshidi
AmaSpredishithi eshidi lensimbi aqukethe ama-blade amabili amafushane, lawo, ngosizo lwenjini yokubhoboza kagesi, enze umnyakazo ofanayo nesikelo esijwayelekile. Kunamamodeli ambalwa: ezinye izikele zenzelwe ukunyakaza okuqondile, ezinye, ezinezindawo zokusika ezimfushane nomumo okhethekile, zokusika emigqeni egobile.
Ukuthola lolu xhumo kunenzuzo kuphela uma sisebenza kakhulu ngeshidi lensimbi ukwenza ifenisha noma ezinye izingxenye (amatafula engadi, izimbiza zensimbi nokunye okunjalo). Ukusika insimbi yeshidi, ngisho noma iwugqinsi oluncane futhi inezinto ezithambile, njengamashidi e-aluminium, uma kwenziwa ngesikelo esisebenza ngesandla, kuhlala kuwumsebenzi onzima, futhi ukusika i-curvilinear kunzima futhi kudinga umsebenzi ngezigaba eziningana. Kodwa-ke, singakwenza konke lokhu kalula ngamashidi ensimbi yeshidi, futhi ayadingeka emsebenzini wensimbi endlini (ukushintsha nokulungisa ama-gutters, isibonelo). Njengoba umsebenzi weshidi lensimbi endlini kamuva udinga ukushiselwa, kungaba i-arc kagesi noma i-soldering, lezi zisheli zihlukaniswa njengethuluzi le-Iimar lochwepheshe.
I-Speed reducer nezishekeli zothango
Isinciphisi sejubane singangezwa kumshini kagesi, idivayisi ewusizo kakhulu, njengoba imishini eminingi nezinsiza kudinga isivinini sokusebenza esiphansi. Izikere zothango zihlanganisa izindwani eziphindwe kabili, ezimise okwezinqamuli ukunyakaza kwazo kuyashintshana: emuva naphambili. Ahamba ngokulandelana, ngakho asebenza njengesethi eyodwa yesikele. Lolu cingo, nokho, lunokusetshenziswa okukhethekile - okokusika kuphela uthango.
Carpentry (lathe) lathe
Okunye ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kokubhoboza ugesi njengenjini yokushayela kusemshinini wokubaza, omncane ngosayizi futhi ongabamba izingcezu zokhuni amasentimitha angamashumi amathathu noma ngaphezulu ubude. Kulolu hlobo lwe-lathe (kanye namanye ama-lathe), injini ishayela ikhanda elilodwa nge-fixture. Into esiyicubungulayo ngokuvamile inomumo oyi-oblong, ilungiswa ngakolunye uhlangothi ngendlela yokukhweza efanelekile.
Ngale lathe encane, singakwazi ukucubungula izigxobo zothango, imilenze yefenisha, nezinye izingxenye zobukhulu obuncane ukusuka kuma-slats ayisikwele noma ayindilinga. Amadiski ensimbi anezinsimbi ezishelelayo (cishe amasentimitha angu-20 ububanzi) angaxhunywa kumamodeli athile wezintambo. Ngosizo lwalezo zibopho zokuslayida ezintathu noma ezine (ezishelelayo emiseleni ehambisanayo), singakwazi ukubophela izingcezu zokhuni 4-5 amasentimitha awugqinsi kudiski. Ngakho, singakwazi ukwenza amapuleti, izitsha, izivalo nokunye. Ku-lathe, singakwazi futhi ukwenza amathoyizi amahle ngokhuni oluqinile, bese kuba izibambo ezihlukahlukene, izindandatho zokhuni, amasondo, ama-cones nezinkulungwane zezinye izinto, yebo ngobukhulu obuvunyelwe i-lathe esinayo.
Nokho, ukusebenza ngentambo kudinga ikhono elikhulu, elingatholakali kalula ngokufunda incwadi. Ngokubuka omunye weziguquli zokhuni ezimbalwa lapho esebenza futhi akha amagxolo efenisha yakudala, noma akha kabusha izingcezu zefenisha eqhephukile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, sizofunda okuningi. Ilathe yombazi inikeza cishe amathuba amaningi okuba umsebenzi wokhuni, futhi uma sizuza amakhono anele futhi sifaka lolu hlobo lobuciko enhliziyweni, sizokwazi ukwenza izinto zekhwalithi ephezulu ezingahle zichazwe njengemikhiqizo yamaciko ezandla.
Iphampu ye-Rotary sump
Iphampu ejikelezayo ayaziwa kakhulu njengokunamathiselwe kokubhobolwa kukagesi, kodwa iwusizo kakhulu. Amamodeli athengiswayo, ambalwa futhi aqhelelene phakathi kwawo, ahlangene kakhulu (cishe usayizi wekani lenyama, ake sibhekane nakho), futhi ipayipi lokudonsa kanye nepayipi lokukhipha amanzi angumunwe. Amakhono ale futha afana nalawo asemitshini yokuwasha izitsha.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamaphampu anjalo kuningi. Singakwazi, isibonelo, ukuyisebenzisela ukwengeza amanzi, avamile noma ahlanjululwe, ukuthela iwayini, ukugwema ukuchitheka noma amabala ngesikhathi esifanayo. Uma i-radiator yemoto ithululwa futhi ihlanzwa ngezindlela ezifanele, sizoyigcwalisa ngokushesha ngamanzi nolunye uketshezi sisebenzisa ipompo. Singathela kalula iwayini elisuka ku-demijohn emabhodleleni. Amanzi anqwabelene emgodini omdala ongadini angathululwa ngokushesha futhi ngokunokwenzeka asetshenziselwe ukuchelela ngomshini wokufafaza.
Ezimeni eziphuthumayo, sizosebenzisa iphampu ukukhipha ngokushesha amanzi ethangini elinomshini ojwayelekile wokudonsa amanzi ongasebenzi: kusuka kuwasha we-ruby, ubhavu, indishi yasendlini yangasese, kusuka emgodini. Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa, kufanele sivumele iphampu isebenze imizuzu embalwa sisebenzisa amanzi kampompi ukuhlanza umshini kanye namapayipi ephunga kanye nezinsalela zoketshezi esilupompa. Uma sifuna ukusebenzisa iphampu ukumpompa uketshezi oluthile lokuphuza (amanzi, iwayini, uviniga), kufanele sivumele iphampu isebenze imizuzu embalwa sisebenzisa amanzi ompompi futhi sihlole ukuthi amanzi aphumayo awanuki futhi awanambitheki yini. Uma ukuhlolwa kungenayo, kufanele uqhubeke umpompa amanzi angenalutho kuze kube yilapho iphunga nokunambitha kungasekho ngokuphelele.
Ukuthengwa kwale futhu kuyatuswa ngisho noma singavamisile ukuyisebenzisa, ngenxa yokuthi asikwazi ukubona kusengaphambili izimo ezingemnandi lapho kungaba usizo olukhulu kithi. Ayibizi kakhulu futhi njengoba incane, yize sizoyithola indawo yayo endlini. Futhi ikhono lokuyisebenzisa ngokushesha ezimweni eziphuthumayo kanye nokwenza umsebenzi othile kalula kuyizinzuzo zayo ezinkulu.
Umshini wokugaya ophathwayo
Abanye abakhiqizi bethule amarutha okhuni aphathekayo ukuze asetshenziswe okungezona ezochwepheshe. Imishini enjalo ivumela ukuba kwenziwe umsebenzi omningi: imigodi eqondile yokugaya, noma imigodi ye-dovetail, ukugaya imiphetho yamapuleti nama-slats, ukuqondisa imiphetho, ukwenza izimpumputhe noma izimbobo, imigodi nokunye.
Imishini enjalo, izimbazo eziqondile, zihamba ngokuhlobene nendawo yokusebenza, okumele ilungiswe ngezinsimbi. Amathuluzi ahlukahlukene angaxhunywa kuzo kuye ngomsebenzi okufanele wenziwe. Uma kungenjalo, asebenza ngesivinini esiphezulu (ngaphezu kokungu-10 000 ama-revolutions ngeminithi) okuhambisana nomsebenzi wokhuni. Yingakho umthelela wabo womsebenzi uphakeme kakhulu kunalowo werutha yokhuni exhunywe kumshini wokubhoboza kagesi owenziwe ngesandla onokufinyelela umkhawulo ongu-3000 ukuguqulwa ngomzuzu. Ukukhethwa kwama-routers ale mishini kukhulu, ngakho-ke amaphrofayili ahlukahlukene angenziwa kumabhodi, imishayo nama-laths.
Nokho, kufanele kushiwo okufanayo kule mishini nakweminye: uma kubhekwa ukusebenza okuphezulu, idivayisi izozuzisa noma ubani ohlose ukuyisebenzisa ngokuhlelekile. Uma kungenjalo, inzuzo yabo ukuthi abadli isikhala esiningi endlini.
Imishini ehlanganisiwe
Le mishini iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi, vele, ibiza kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukusho umehluko phakathi kwabo nemishini yobungcweti. Sizisho lapha kuphela ngoba zingabonakala kaningi emibukisweni eminingi ekhethekile. Zibizwa ngokuthi zihlangene ngoba zivumela wonke umsebenzi oyisisekelo wokubaza nokubaza ukuba wenziwe ngempumelelo ephezulu. Iplanethi, isiyingi nesaha yebhendi, amarutha e-eksisi aqondile, isander yebhande namasander ediski yobuso abekwe endaweni eyodwa. Kwamanye amamodeli, kufakwe i-grinder yamathuluzi okulola kanye nekhanda eliphendukayo. Eminye yale mishini ihlezi isesimweni esifanayo futhi ngemva kwalokho inezingxenye ezingezwe kuyo ukuze kwenziwe uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi, kuyilapho eminye ingashintsha indawo yayo kuye ngohlobo lomsebenzi okudingeka iwenze. Yiqiniso, kukhona nemishini ehlanganisiwe ethengiswayo elula kakhulu futhi emincane kakhulu ngosayizi, enenani elincishisiwe lemisebenzi.
Nokho, intengo yazo iphezulu, zithatha isikhala esiningi, kodwa ukusebenza kwazo kuhle. Imishini ehlanganisiwe ivame ukuthengwa ngabantu abahlala ezindlini zomndeni ezakhiwe ikakhulukazi ngokhuni futhi abafuna ukwenza umsebenzi omningi wokubaza nokubaza (ukulungiswa kwezitebhisi, ukwakhiwa kophahla, izindonga zamapulangwe kanye nokuhlukaniswa, ngezinye izikhathi futhi ukuguqulwa nokwandiswa kwamasimu, ukwakhiwa kwamaqhugwane, amashede). Ngaphandle komkhuba odingekayo wokusebenza ngemishini eyinkimbinkimbi kangaka, ulwazi olukhulu olufanayo luyadingeka ukwenza izakhi futhi uzifake.
Izihloko ezihlobene: imishini yokuhlela neyokugaya — ingxenye yokuqala, imishini yamaphakhethi namathuluzi okusika — ingxenye yesibili kanye nokwenziwa kwamawindi nezicabha.