Chenjezo Lofunika: Ili ndi zolemba zakale zakale, osati makina amakono, kuunika kwachiwopsezo kapena buku lakagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuthamanga, maulumikizidwe, zida, njira zodzitetezera ndi njira zomwe zafotokozedwera ziyenera kuyang’aniridwa molingana ndi malamulo ovomerezeka, zolemba za opanga ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito. Kugwira ntchito ndi zida zodulira mozungulira, makina opera pakhoma, kuyika magetsi, zitsulo zamapepala ndi mapampu kumafuna ukatswiri ndi chitetezo choyenera.
Malembawa siwopereka makina kapena zida za Savo Kusić. Zomwe zilipo panopa zikuyang’ana pa mazenera, zitseko ndi kupanga ukalipentala.
Woyendetsa galimoto
Monga chophatikizira mutu wobowola pamanja wamagetsi ndipo mwanjira ina, ngati makina odziyendetsa okha, palinso chowongolera chamoto. Gawo logwira ntchito la makinawo ndi chodzigudubuza chimodzi chokhala ndi masamba awiri kapena kuposerapo omwe amafanana ndi nsonga ya kuzungulira ndi zomwe zimagwirizanitsa matabwa, pamene zimayikidwa pazitsulo zodzigudubuza. Nyumba ya chomangira planer ili ndi chivundikiro ndi kupumula kofanana komwe kumayikidwa pamwamba kuti ikonzedwe komanso komwe imakokedwa ndikugwirira ntchito ngati ndi pulani wamba.
Pamwamba pake ndi masentimita angapo m’lifupi ndi magawo khumi a millimeter kuya kwake. Tikhoza kumangirira kugwirizana kwa tebulo ntchito. Ndipo zikatero, timapeza makina okhazikika pomwe chinthucho ndi chomwe tidakoka pa pulaneti. Makina oterowo angatipulumutse ku khama lalikulu ndikupereka zotsatira zabwino, koma pansi pa chikhalidwe chimodzi: kuti timadziwa kale kukonzekera pamanja.
Msuzi wa rotary
Mothandizidwa ndi cholumikizira chotsika mtengo, kubowola kulikonse kwamagetsi kumatha kusinthidwa kukhala rasp yozungulira yopangira matabwa. Zimapangidwa ndi chogudubuza mano, 6-8 millimeters m’mimba mwake ndi ma centimita angapo utali. Pamapeto pake, wodzigudubuza amamangiriridwa pamutu wozungulira wa kubowola, ndipo pamapeto pake, amadyetsedwa mu shank ndi kunyamula mpira. Choncho, timagwira chogwirira ndi dzanja lamanzere, ndipo ndi kubowola kumanja ndi gawo logwira ntchito - chodzigudubuza - timakonza pamwamba pa chinthucho, chomwe chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito siteji, ngati pamwamba si mbali ya chinthu cholemera kwambiri. Ngati tipeza awiri kapena atatu mwa ma rasp, kutalika kosiyana ndi ma grits, titha kuchita pafupifupi ntchito yonse yojambulira nkhuni yomwe titha kuchita ndi rasp pamanja. Izi ndizo, choyamba, kuzungulira m’mphepete, kukonza ma billets, slabs, slats, kupanga nkhuni za makulidwe apakati (kuyambira masentimita awiri mpaka atatu), kukulitsa mabowo pamatabwa a makulidwe apakati, ndi zina zotero.
Makina osindikizira
Makina ang’onoang’ono amphero amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino, komanso okhala ndi lil wopanda mota yake. Kaya ndi yokhazikika kapena yam’manja. Amaperekedwa ndi ma routers ambiri amitundu yosiyanasiyana a ntchito. Mothandizidwa ndi makina opangira mphero, tikhoza kupanga ma slats a mipando, mbali zakunja za mipando kuwapatsa mawonekedwe omwe amafunidwa, tikhoza kudulidwa kawiri pazigawo za mipando (mwachitsanzo mipata ya zojambula), tikhoza kupanga mipata mu mawonekedwe a mchira wa Iastina ndi mawonekedwe ena; kuchokera ku square Ill rectangular slats titha kuchotsa mbiri yamafelemu ndi zina zambiri. Kupanda kutero, makinawo ayenera kusamaliridwa mosamala, kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yovomerezeka mwachidwi, kumbali imodzi, komanso kumbali inayo, chifukwa cha liwiro lapamwamba lomwe makina opangira mphero amagwira ntchito (pafupi ndi 2000 kusintha kwa mphindi imodzi ndi zina), ndikofunikira kuti musaike dzanja lanu pafupi ndi makina opangira mphero. Pali ma routers ambiri omwe amatha kulumikizidwa, ndipo iliyonse imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu ina ya ma grooves ndi zopuma. ndizosavuta kukhala ndi miyeso yaying’ono, makina ophera amapereka mwayi wambiri - wokulirapo kuposa zosowa za nyumbayo Ndipo izi zikufotokozera momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito pakati pa amisiri akatswiri. Kumbali ina, ngakhale titha kupanga grooves ndi notches, grooves ndi recesses ndi tchipisi ndi macheka, ndizosatheka, ngakhale zovuta kwambiri, kupanga mbiri zina pa slats, matabwa, III zidutswa za mipando popanda makina awa. Potsirizira pake, lamuloli limagwiranso ntchito pa makina opangira mphero kuti ndi bwino kuti muyambe kupindula ndi zida zamanja, ndiyeno pitirizani kukonzanso makina.
Makina ophera makoma
Zigawo zazikulu za rauta ya khoma, zomwe zingapezekenso ngati zowonjezera zowonjezera pobowola magetsi, ndi tsamba lozungulira lozungulira m’nyumba yomwe imakhala pa mawilo a rabara. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokoka kangapo pakhoma munjira yomweyi yomwe akufuna, motero amapeza mabala awiri pakhoma, ndipo kenako, kuchotsa pulasitala, timapeza kukhumudwa kwa masentimita angapo. Kupuma kumakhala kotalika komanso kokhazikika kotero kuti mapaipi oyika azitha kuyikamo popanda zovuta. Tiyeneranso pulasitala khoma pambuyo poika chitoliro.
Chowonjezera ichi chodziwika bwino chobowola magetsi chingatithandizire bwino ngati tikufuna kuwonjezera kuyika kwamagetsi. Ntchitoyi, komabe, imaphatikizidwa bwino ndi kujambula komaliza kwa makoma kapena kukhazikitsa mapepala atsopano.
Miyendo yamaluwa
Masenga a minda ndi chida chothandizira pobowola magetsi polima. Mawonekedwe awo ndi ntchito sizifuna mafotokozedwe apadera. Popeza ntchito yawo imafuna mphamvu zochepa, zitsanzo zoyendetsedwa ndi batire kapena zomangira zomangira zimapangidwanso.
shear zachitsulo
Mapepala achitsulo amapangidwa ndi masamba awiri aafupi, omwe, mothandizidwa ndi choboolera chamagetsi, amasuntha mofanana ndi lumo wamba. Pali mitundu ingapo: masikelo ena amapangidwa kuti aziyenda mowongoka, ena okhala ndi malo achidule odulira komanso mawonekedwe apadera, odulira mizere yokhota.
Kupeza malumikizidwe amenewa n’kopindulitsa pokhapo ngati titagwira ntchito mwakhama ndi zitsulo mwina kupanga mipando kapena zinthu zina (matebulo a m’munda, mapoto achitsulo ndi zina zotero). Kudula pepala zitsulo, ngakhale ndi makulidwe ang’onoang’ono komanso zinthu zofewa, monga mapepala a aluminiyamu, ngati amapangidwa ndi lumo lamanja, nthawi zonse zimakhala zovuta, ndipo kudula kwa curvilinear kumakhala kovuta ndipo kumafuna ntchito m’magawo angapo. Komabe, tingathe kuchita zonsezi mosavuta ndi shears pepala zitsulo, ndi zofunikanso pepala zitsulo ntchito pa nyumba (kusintha ndi kukonza ngalande, mwachitsanzo). Popeza ntchito yachitsulo panyumbayo pambuyo pake imafuna kuwotcherera, kaya ndi arc yamagetsi kapena soldering, akametapeni awa amasankhidwa ngati chida cha akatswiri Iimar.
Zochepetsa liwiro ndi ma hedge shears
A chochepetsera liwiro chikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku kubowola kwamagetsi, chida chothandiza kwambiri, popeza makina ambiri ndi zida zimafunikira liwiro lotsika. Ma hedge shears amakhala ndi masamba awiri, opindika omwe kuyenda kwake kumasinthasintha: mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo. Zimayenda motsatana m’mbuyo, motero zimakhala ngati lumo limodzi. Chipangizochi chili ndi ntchito yake yeniyeni - ndi yodula mipanda yokha.
Ukalipentala (lathe) lathe
Kugwiritsanso ntchito kwina kobowola kwamagetsi ngati galimoto yoyendetsa kumakhala pa lathe ya kalipentala, yomwe ndi yaying’ono kukula kwake ndipo imatha kunyamula matabwa masentimita makumi atatu kapena kupitilira apo. Mu mtundu uwu wa lathe (komanso lathes ena), galimoto amayendetsa mutu umodzi ndi fixture. Chinthu chomwe tikukonza nthawi zambiri chimakhala chozungulira, chimakhazikika kumbali inayo pogwiritsa ntchito phiri loyenera.
Ndi lathe laling’onoli, titha kukonza mizati ya mpanda, miyendo ya mipando, ndi magawo ena ang’onoang’ono kuchokera ku masikweya kapena ozungulira. Ma disc achitsulo okhala ndi zingwe zotsetsereka (pafupifupi 20 centimita m’mimba mwake) amatha kulumikizidwa kumitundu ina ya lathes. Mothandizidwa ndi zingwe zotsetsereka zitatu kapena zinayi (zomwe zimatsetsereka m’mizere yofananira), titha kumangirira matabwa 4-5 centimita zochindikala pa disc. Choncho, tikhoza kupanga mbale, mbale, zophimba ndi zina zotero. Pa lathe, titha kupanganso zidole zokongola kuchokera ku matabwa olimba, kenako zogwirira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, mphete zamatabwa, mawilo, ma cones ndi zinthu zina zikwizikwi, ndithudi ndi miyeso yomwe lathe yomwe tili nayo imalola.
Komabe, kugwira ntchito pa lathe kumafuna luso lalikulu, lomwe silingapezeke powerenga buku. Mwa kupenyerera mmodzi wa otembenuza matabwa ochepa pamene akugwira ntchito ndi kupanga makungwa a mipando yakale, kapena kumanganso zidutswa za mipando yomwe inasweka ndi nthawi, tidzaphunzira zambiri. Lathe ya kalipentala imapereka pafupifupi mipata yambiri yopangira matabwa, ndipo ngati titakhala ndi luso lokwanira ndi kutengera luso lamtunduwu, tidzatha kupanga zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zingatchulidwenso ngati zopangidwa ndi amisiri amisiri.
Pampu ya Rotary sump
Pampu yozungulira siidziwika bwino ngati cholumikizira chamagetsi, koma ndiyothandiza kwambiri. Zitsanzo zomwe zikugulitsidwa, zomwe ndi zochepa komanso zotalikirana, ndizophatikizana kwambiri (pafupifupi kukula kwa chitoliro cha nyama, tiyeni tiyang’ane nazo), ndipo payipi yoyamwa ndi payipi yotulutsa ndi chala cholimba. Mphamvu za mpopezi ndizofanana ndi zomwe zili mu makina otsuka mbale.
Kagwiritsidwe ka mapampu otere ndi ochuluka. Tikhoza, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito kuwonjezera madzi, okhazikika kapena osungunuka, kutsanulira vinyo, kupeŵa kutaya kapena madontho nthawi imodzi. Pamene radiator yamagalimoto imatsanulidwa ndikutsukidwa ndi njira zoyenera, tidzadzaza mwamsanga ndi madzi ndi madzi ena pogwiritsa ntchito mpope. Titha kutsanulira vinyo kuchokera ku demijohn mosavuta m’mabotolo. Madzi owunjika kuchokera pachitsime chakale m’munda amatha kutsanulidwa mwachangu ndipo mwina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira ndi sprinkler.
Panthawi yadzidzidzi, tidzagwiritsa ntchito pampu kukhetsa madzi mwachangu mu thanki yomwe chida chake chokhetsera sichigwira ntchito: kuchokera mu chochapira cha ruby, bafa, mbale ya chimbudzi, kuchokera pachitsime. Pambuyo pogwiritsira ntchito, tiyenera kulola mpope kuyenda kwa mphindi zingapo pogwiritsa ntchito madzi apampopi kuyeretsa makina ndi mapaipi kuchokera ku fungo ndi zotsalira za madzi omwe tidapopera. Ngati tikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mpope popopa madzi akumwa (madzi, vinyo, vinyo wosasa), tiyenera kulola mpope kuyenda kwa mphindi zingapo pogwiritsa ntchito madzi apampopi ndikuonetsetsa kuti madzi akutuluka alibe fungo komanso alibe kukoma. Ngati mayesowo alibe, muyenera kupitiriza kupopa madzi opanda kanthu mpaka fungo ndi kukoma zitatha.
Kugula kwa mpopeyi kumalimbikitsidwa ngakhale kuti sitidzagwiritsa ntchito kawirikawiri, chifukwa chakuti sitingathe kuwoneratu zinthu zosasangalatsa zomwe zingatithandize kwambiri. Siziwononga ndalama zambiri komanso chifukwa ndi yaying’ono, ngakhale tidzapeza malo mnyumbamo. Ndipo kutha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo pakagwa mwadzidzidzi komanso kugwira ntchito zina mosavuta ndi zabwino zake.
Makina onyamula mphero
Opanga ena akhazikitsa ma routers onyamula matabwa kuti agwiritse ntchito mwaukadaulo. Makina oterowo amalola kuti pakhale ntchito zosiyanasiyana: mphero zowongoka, kapena mikwingwirima ya nkhunda, kugaya m’mphepete mwa mbale ndi ma slats, kuwongola m’mphepete, kupanga akhungu kapena kupyola mabowo, zibowo ndi zina zotero.
Makina oterowo, nkhwangwa zoyima, zimasuntha molingana ndi chogwirira ntchito, chomwe chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi zingwe. Zida zosiyanasiyana zitha kulumikizidwa kwa iwo kutengera ntchito yomwe ikuyenera kuchitika. Apo ayi, amagwira ntchito mothamanga kwambiri (kupitirira 10 000 kuzungulira pamphindi) zomwe zimagwirizana ndi matabwa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ntchito yawo imakhala yokwera kwambiri kuposa ya rauta yamatabwa yolumikizidwa ndi kubowola kwamagetsi kwapamanja komwe kumapitilira 3000 kuzungulira pamphindi. Kusankhidwa kwa ma routers pamakinawa ndi kwakukulu, kotero kuti ma profiles osiyanasiyana amatha kupangidwa pamatabwa, matabwa ndi laths.
Komabe, zomwezo ziyenera kunenedwanso pamakinawa ndi enawo: kutengera magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, chipangizochi chidzapindulitsa aliyense amene akufuna kuchigwiritsa ntchito mwadongosolo. Apo ayi, ubwino wawo ndi woti satenga malo ambiri m’nyumba.
Makina ophatikizika
Makinawa ndi ovuta kwambiri ndipo, ndithudi, ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri. Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa pakati pawo ndi makina akatswiri. Timawatchula pano kokha chifukwa amatha kuwonedwa pafupipafupi paziwonetsero zingapo zapadera. Amatchedwa ophatikizana chifukwa amalola ntchito zonse zoyambirira za ukalipentala ndi ukalipentala kuti zichitike mwachangu kwambiri. Chojambulira, chozungulira ndi chowonera, ma vertical axis routers, sander lamba ndi masanjidwe a disc disc amasungidwa mu block imodzi. Mumitundu ina, chopukusira cha zida zokulitsira ndi mutu wotembenuza zimayikidwanso. Ena mwa makinawa amakhala ofanana nthawi zonse ndipo kenako amawonjezedwa zigawo zamitundu ina ya ntchito, pomwe ena amatha kusintha malo awo malinga ndi mtundu wa ntchito yomwe akuyenera kugwira. Zoonadi, palinso makina ophatikizana omwe amagulitsidwa omwe ndi osavuta komanso ochepa kwambiri, omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha ntchito.
Komabe, mtengo wawo ndi wokwera, amatenga malo ochulukirapo, koma ntchito yawo ndiyabwino. Makina ophatikizana nthawi zambiri amagulidwa ndi anthu omwe amakhala m’nyumba za mabanja omwe amamangidwa makamaka ndi matabwa ndi zomwe akufuna kuchita zambiri za ukalipentala ndi ukalipentala (kusinthidwa kwa masitepe, kumanga denga, makoma a matabwa ndi magawo, nthawi zina komanso kusinthidwa ndi kukulitsa masitepe, kumanga nyumba zamatabwa, zomangira). Kupatula mchitidwe wofunikira wogwirira ntchito ndi makina ovuta chonchi, chidziwitso chachikulu chomwecho chimafunika kupanga maelementi ndi kuziyika.
Mitu yofananira: makina okonzera ndi mphero — gawo loyamba, makina a parquet ndi zida zodulira — gawo lachiwiri ndi kupanga mawindo ndi zitseko.