Chiziviso chakakosha chehutano nekuchengeteka: Aya ndiwo mashoko edzidzo akachengetedzwa kubva ku 2017. gore, uye kwete purojekiti yetsime, kuiswa kwemvura, kudzvanywa system, kuiswa kwemagetsi kana mudziyo wekugadzirira mvura. Zviyero zvepakutanga, madaro, madzvinyiriro, masimba, zvinhu, maitiro uye zvichemo zvakatamiswa pasina kusimbiswa kwenyanzvi kana kuchinjirwa kumitemo yanhasi. Mvura inobva mumatsime, zvitubu, hova kana sefa yakatsanangurwa haifanirwe kunzi yakachengeteka pakunwa pasina kutorwa kwakaringana, kuongororwa kwerabhoritari uye kupihwa chitupa nevakuru vehutano. Activated carbon pachayo haisi humbowo hweiyo microbiological kana kemikari kuperera kwemvura. Kuchera kana kupinda mutsime kunotakura njodzi yekudonha, kudzipwa, kunyura uye dzimwe njodzi dzinouraya; mabasa acho anofanira kurongwa uye kuitwa nenyanzvi dzine mvumo dzine mvumo dzinodiwa. Mapombi, mahydrophore, midziyo yekumanikidza uye kuiswa kwemagetsi kunoda kusarudzwa kwenyanzvi, dziviriro nekuisa zvinoenderana nemirairo iripo.
Matsime akatsanangurwa uye zviteshi zvemvura zvemumba hazvisi chikamu chekupihwa kutsva kweveruzhinji kweSavo Kusić. Ikozvino kutariswa kwekugadzira kunosanganisira mahwindo emapuranga, mahwindo emapuranga-aluminium uye magonhi akagadzirwa nemunhu. Kune rimwe hwindo kana chirongwa chemusuwo, unogona kutumira chikumbiro chemutengo.
Usati wasarudza chiteshi chemvura pamba
Munzvimbo dziri kure nemaguta nemisha, hazvigoneke kupa mvura kubva munzvimbo dzinowanikwa veruzhinji mvura. Kana pasina mukana wekuti mhuri dzinoverengeka, kana nharaunda yese, ibatane pamwe chete uye kuvaka yavo mini yepakati pemvura chiteshi, dambudziko rinosara kugadziriswa nechiteshi chavo chemvura chepamba. Zvechokwadi, kutarisa kunofanira kubhadharwa kune dambudziko iri kare kana uchitenga nzvimbo kana pakusarudza nzvimbo yechivako. Inofanirwa kutariswa kana paine chitubu chemvura chinogona kushandiswa padyo nenzvimbo inodiwa yekuvaka, mune maturu emvura yepasi pevhu uye kuti ndeapi mhando. Kana paine tsime riri padyo, sampu yemvura inofanira kutorwa mubhodhoro rakabikwa zvakanaka uye kutumirwa kunoongororwa kuInstitute yeHygiene inokwanisa. Mvura inobva murukova inogona kungoshandiswa zvakananga kubva kutsime, nokuti chete pane iyo yakachena, isina kusvibiswa. Pakutora uye kushandisa mvura yechitubu, zvinodiwawo kuwana mvumo kubva kune vane masimba.
Chiyero chemvura yepasi pevhu chinokanganisa zvakanyanya kugadziriswa kwechiteshi chemvura yepamba kana mwero wemvura yepasi pevhu isiri pazasi 7 meter, akajairwa uye akachipa matsime ekusveta anogona kushandiswa, uye kana iyo nhanho yakadzikira, matsime ane mavhiri kana ayo, anodhura zvakanyanya, anoshanda pamusimboti wekumanikidza, anodiwa. Mumapani, padyo nenzizi nemadziva, mwero wemvura yepasi unowanzo 4-5 meter, uye munzvimbo dzine makomo zvinoenderana nemamiriro enzvimbo
Yakacherwa zvakanaka
Tsime rakapfava ndiro rinogadzirwa nekuchera. Kuchera zvakanaka kunogona kuitwa chete nenyanzvi ine midziyo yakakodzera, nokuti kunze kwekuchera kwakanaka kwematsime kunoda humwe unyanzvi uye ruzivo, basa iri rine ngozi zvikuru.
Pamatsime akacherwa, mhete dzekongiri dzakagadzirwa nedhayamita 80 dzichiri kushandiswa nanhasi, kana 100 cm, kureba 80 cm, ine grooved flanges yekubatanidza. Paringi rekutanga, gomba rinocherwa nechiyero chakakodzera kuti rikwane mhete. Inobva yaenderera mberi ichichera kuitira kuti rin’i itsvedzeke pasi nekudzika. Kana mhete yekutanga yakanyura zvachose, yechipiri inoiswa uye zvichingodaro. Ivhu rakacherwa rinotanga rikandwa kunze, rozororwa nebucket.
Iyo iri nyore uye panguva imwe chete iyo inonyanya kuipa ndeyekuchera tsime mujecha. Kureva, muvhu rakasununguka, zvindori zvinofamba nyore uye kamwe kamwe kupinda kwejecha kunogona kuitika. Muchikamu chekupedzisira chekuchera matsime, zvindori zvekupedzisira zvakatoiswa muvhu rakanyorova, zvichida kunyange mumvura. Munguva yebasa, tsime rinochera rinogara richitarisana nengozi yejecha nemvura inopinda, saka manera ari muchitsime anofanira kugara ari pedyo, uye mucheki anofanira kusungwa netambo uye haafaniri kusiyiwa asina kutarisirwa kwekanguva. Kana tsime rapera, unogona kutanga kugadzira nzira yekusimudza mvura.
Matsime ekuchera
Midziyo yekusimudza mvura inowanzoshanda pane imwe yemisimboti mitatu: michina yemagetsi inowanzosimudza mvura kumusoro kwetsime; mumatsime ane vhiri, mvura inosimudzwa nemabhakiti akaiswa pacheni inoramba iripo (fig. 1, kumusoro), matsime anoshanda pamusimboti wekumanikidza necompressor anokonzera kuwandisa mugomba rakavharwa, rinosundira mvura nepombi imwe chete.
Chakanakira matsime aya ndechekuti mvura inogonawo kukwira pamusoro petsime, semuenzaniso. mutangi rakaiswa pamusoro pedenga remba kana pasi. Mvura inosimudza muganho wemakanika matsime zvichienderana nemusimboti wekumanikidza haina kuganhurirwa, izvo zvinoreva kuti vanogona zvakare kusimudza mvura kubva pakadzika dzika. Matsime ekusveta, zvakasiyana, anosveta mweya uri pamusoro pemvura mutsime. Huremu hwemhepo hwakaenzana ne kororamu yemvura ye 10 m. Naizvozvo, matsime ekusveta anongogumira ku 10 m, asi mukuita anogona kushandiswa kusvika 7 m kudzika.
Mufananidzo 1
Mvura yezvivakwa zvemhuri uye dzimba dzekupera kwevhiki dzinogona kugadziriswa nenzira yakapusa uye yakachipa nematsime ekuyamwa (kana mvura isina kudzika kupfuura7 m) Mumapani uye pedyo nemvura inoyerera uye isinganetsi, mwero wemvura yepasi kazhinji wakakwirira kupfuura iwoyu. Iyo yakapfava uye yakachipa yekuyamwa tsime ndiyo inonzi Norton ruoko-inoshanda pombi-uye-lever uye rammed-chubhu tsime (Fig.1, chikamu chezasi). Mapaipi esimbi ane galvanized kubva 1 1/4”, kureba kazhinji2 mzvinosundirwa pasi kusvikira kumvura. Musoro wegomba une conical tip unoiswa papombi yekutanga, uye kana nzvimbo yacho iine jecha, kusefa kunowedzerwa nekusonerera mesh yakakora yebhuronzi. Kune chidimbu chekutanga chepombi yakatozadzwa, mapaipi anotevera akabatanidzwa nekubatanidza. Kumusoro wetsime kubva pakureba kwepombi1,5 mzvimwe zviri kubatanidzwa4 zvidimbu zvepombi kubva2 m. Chikamu chekumashure chepombi chinomiswa kuitira kuti chibude kubva pasi chinenge hafu yemamita. Pombi yesimbi yakakandwa yakabatana nechekumusoro kwepombi iyi, ine shinda, kana kuti flange yayo. Zvakakosha kuti mavharuvhu epombi avharwe zvakanaka, kuti piston yepombi ifambe zviri nyore uye kuti tsime rose nepombi zvakavharwa zvine mutsindo. Paunenge uchiisa pombi kushanda, inofanira kutanga yazadzwa nemvura kakawanda kubva kumusoro uye kupomba nzira yose, kusvikira mvura yakachena yawanikwa. Kana paine njodzi yekuomesa nechando, pombi netsime zvinofanira kudhirwa.
Norton tsime rinogonawo kuiswa mumatsime akacherwa (Fig. 1, chikamu chezasi). Kugona kweichi tsime pane imwe yekusundidzira kwerevhisi ndeye 0,3 - 0,8 malita kubva parutivi rwehutsanana, inogutsa nekuti mvura uye kunaya kwemvura hazvigone kupinda mairi. Kuchengetedza kunosanganisira chete mukuti piston yeganda uye valve yepasi inofanira kuchinjwa kamwe chete pagore. Zvinogonawo kuitika kuti chigaro chesimbi chevharuvhu yekusimudza chinopera, kuti vharafu inonamira, kana kuti jecha rinopinda pasi pevharuvhu yetsoka, pamwe nekuti nekuda kwekusangana kwakashata kana kusasimwa kwakashata, zvinhu zvetsime hazvivharike hermetically. Tsime reNorton rakanakira kumakottage (kana tafura yemvura isina kudzika zvakanyanya).
Suction-pressure matsime
Zvinhu zvakanaka zvematsime ekusveta-kudzvanywa zvakasanganiswa nemidziyo yekudhonza-kudzvanya. Mhando mbiri huru dzematsime aya dzakapararira. Mumatwin piston device imwe lever inofambisa chikamu chekukweva zvakafanana neiya yematsime ekusveta. Zvisinei, pano mvura yakayamwa haibudi munzvimbo yakasununguka, asi inopinda mune imwe cylinder yakavharwa iyo piston inofambawo nekuda kweiyo lever imwechete kumusoro uye pasi. Ivhavha yehumburumbira iyi inoshanda munhevedzano kune chikamu chekusveta, kuitira kuti piston irege kuyamwa, asi inosundira mvura mberi. Zvishandiso zvinokweva zvinopinza zvinogona kushandiswa semuenzaniso. kudiridza bindu, pamwe nekuzadza tangi rakaiswa mamita mashoma pamusoro petsime. Ivo vanogona zvakare kuisirwa pachubhu matsime senge Norton tsime. Iri tsime (mudziyo) rinopa mvura chete kana chivharo chikafambiswa, naizvozvo, nokuda kwemvura inopfuurira kune chivako chemhuri, inogona kushandiswa chete pamwe chete netangi yakakosha (yakaiswa pane imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira). Muchidimbu, suction-push pombi ine vanes yakafanana nematsime aya. Pano, zvakare, kusveta uye kubuda kwemvura kunopihwa nealternately inofamba vane pombi ine kaviri valve system. Izvo zvakashata ndezvekuti, zvakafanana nepiston kaviri mudziyo, inogona chete kushandiswa kusvika 7m kudzika (mufananidzo 2, kuruboshwe)
Mufananidzo2
Nemudziyo wekusveta-push tinogona kutopa mvura inoenderera mberi kuchivakwa chemhuri, zvinongodiwa chete kuisa tangi rimwe re 200-500 marita padenga reimba, nzvimbo yedenga, kana rack yakakwira. Mvura inobva mutsime, naizvozvo, inofanira kuendeswa kune tangi yakavharwa, asi kwete hermetically yakavharwa. Kana tangi yakarongedzerwa nezvinhu zvinopisa zvekupisa (eg girazi wool) mvura iri mariri inogara ichinakidza. Kubatana kwepamusoro kunofanira kuiswa pedyo nechepamusoro pemupendero wetangi, uye pombi inoputika inofanira kuendeswa kune tsvina (fig. 2, rutivi rworudyi).
Pakati pepombi yekudhonza-kuburitsa uye tangi, tinogona kusanganisira kuvhara mumutsara wekuzadza. Panguva imwecheteyo, rimwe bazi rinofanira kuitwa, richipfuura tangi, kuitira kuti chigadzirwa chigone kushandiswa munguva yechando. Kubva pazasi pe tangi, tinotungamira mvura kunzvimbo dzekushandisa (mapombi emadziro, chimbuzi, shawa, nezvimwewo). Kumanikidza kunenge kwakadzikira, saka zviri nani kushandisa mapaipi nemapombi ane dhayamita yakakura. Tangi yacho inofanirawo kunge yakashongedzwa nechiratidziro chinonyatsooneka (fig. 3).
Mufananidzo3
Mota tsime uye hydrophore
Iko kune magetsi uye uko kunotarisirwa kushandiswa kwemvura kunoiruramisa, zvine mari kuvaka chiteshi chemvura chine mota, chinoshandawo pane yekumanikidza system. Izvo zvakakosha zvechiteshi chakadaro ndeyekuvhara hermetically nzvimbo iri pamusoro petsime (pamwe yakakura yakacherwa chubhu zvakanaka) uye kugadzira yakawandisa munzvimbo ino ine compressor. Kudzvanyirira kwe 1 atm kunogona kusunda mvura kusvika kureba 10 m. Saka, kana iyo compressor ichiita kuwandisa kwe 3 atm, tinokwanisa kusundira mvura kusvika kureba 30 m, kana kusvika pahupamhi hwe 10 m kuitira kuti mvura inotsikirira kana ichibva papombi 2 atm.
Kunewo hurongwa hwakadaro, apo kungovhura pombi inoshandura pombi yepombi uye inotanga kutakura kwemvura, asi rudzi urwu rwehurongwa hunoremedza motokari yemagetsi uye pombi nekuda kwekugara uchichinja. Ndosaka masisitimu ane hydrophore ariwo anonyanya kushandiswa. Mune ino system, 1,5 horsepower mota inotyaira compressor, inodzvanya mvura mumudziyo. Mvura inopinda mutangi iri chete kusvika pari zvino, kutozosvikira mhepo iri pamusoro pemvura iri mutangi yaenzana nekumanikidza kuri mutsime. Kana dzvinyiriro ikakwira kune imwe kukosha, switch yakabatana kune yekumanikidza geji mutangi inomisa iyo compressor mota. Mvura inogona kusunungurwa kubva mutangi pasina kukanganisa, kusvikira kudzvinyirira kunodonha kune imwe diki. Kana uhwu hushoma hwasvikwa, manometer kana chinja, inodzosa compressor. Nokuderedza nhamba yekushandura, nguva yehupenyu hwechigadziro inowedzera zvakanyanya (Fig. 4)
Mufananidzo4
Iko kune magetsi uye apo mvura yepasi yakakwirira, chigadzirwa ichi chinogonawo kubatanidzwa pombi. Iyo yakasanganiswa mudziyo ine electric drive iri, chokwadi, pane suction-push musimboti. Chikamu chekusveta chinoramba chichisimudza mvura kubva mutsime, uye chikamu chekumanikidza chinoisundira mu hydrophore, i.e. kupinda mudzimba dzekugovera mvura network, uye inoichengeta ipapo pakumanikidza kunodiwa.
Mazano ekuchengetedza kubva muzvinyorwa zvepakutanga
Pakupedzisira, mamwe matipi akakosha kune vavaki vezviteshi zvepombi dzemvura:
1. Tsime rinofanirwa kunge riri 10 uye kunyangwe 20m kubva kuchimbuzi chiri pedyo, kurasira marara uye tangi rekuisa. Nzvimbo yetsime inofanira kuva yakadaro zvokuti kuyerera kwemvura yepasi hakuunzi mvura yakasviba mumugodhi chero mamiriro ezvinhu.
2. Tsime rinofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kubva pakunaya kwemvura, huruva, tsvina, tsvina yemvura uye kutarisirwa kunofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mvura yabuda haidzokere kutsime.
3. Kusati kwatanga kuvaka, nhanho uye nzira yekuyerera kwemvura yepasi pevhu inofanira kuongororwa uye kuti mumamiriro okunze akaoma. Tinogona kuita bvunzo pamatsime ari pedyo.
4. Kukanganisa kwakajairika kwematsime ekusveta kana kumanikidza kazhinji kuvharika kusingagutsi. Tinogona kutarisa kusimba nenzira yekuti tinoona kana uye kupi kune mhepo kana mvura inopinda nekuteerera.
5. Tinogona chete kuita basa rekubatanidza pakuisa magetsi kana takambodzima magetsi. Ngatiteererei kune chokwadi chekuti mafungu emvura anorasika (fook currents) anogona kukonzera kuvhunduka kunouraya kunyangwe pakareba madaro marefu mumambure emvura!
6. Kana tikabvisa mvura kubva muhurongwa kana kudzivirira hurongwa kubva kuchando nguva yechando isati yasvika, tichadzivirira migumisiro yakakomba.
Tsanangudzo yakachengetwa yeyakagadzirwa kabhoni sefa
Kusefa mvura yanhasi iri kuwedzera kusvibiswa uye yakacheneswa nemakemikari, sefa inoshanda zvakanyanya inogona kugadzirwa. Inosanganisira tangi ine volume ye ca. 1 litita kuti izadzwe neyakagadzirwa kabhoni. Marasha anosunga zvinhu zvechipiri uye kusvibiswa uye mvura inobuda musefa ichave yemhando yepamusoro zvekuti inogona kushandiswa sechinwiwa.
Tangi rinogona kugadzirwa kubva kune hombe yepurasitiki pombi, semuenzaniso. ukuru hwe thermos kana bhodhoro-soda-mvura uye uisungirire kumadziro munzvimbo yakatwasuka. Rubber hose connection inofanira kuiswa pakati pepamusoro nepamusoro pevhavha yetangi. Iyo yakaderera yekubatanidza uye hose yakasungirirwa negluing. Zvivharo zvakasungirirwa kune tangi neshinda, asi inofanira kuvharwa nemhete yerubha (fig. 5). Sieve yemhangura kana yendarira ine maburi madiki sezvinobvira inofanira kuiswa pazasi petangi, uye pamusoro payo munzvimbo yese yetangi, activated carbon saizi yepea. Sieve inofanirawo kuiswa padivi repamusoro pamusoro pekuzadza. Mvura inopinzwa musefa kubva pasi, uye mvura yakacheneswa inobviswa kubva kumusoro kuitira kuti mvura iyerere ichibva pasi ichienda kumusoro uye nokudaro haigoni kutakura pamwe nayo zvimwe zvisingakuvadzi zvachose zvidimbu zvekabhoni.
Mufananidzo5
Katuriji imwe yesefa inokwana kusefa mvura yekunwa inodiwa kumhuri yevana kwehafu yegore. Chokwadi hazvidi kusefa mvura yekugeza, kugeza nekugeza. Ndosaka zvakanaka kuisa bazi papombi kuitira kuti tipinde mumvura inodiwa chaizvo.