** Ceeb Toom Kev Nyab Xeeb Tseem Ceeb:** Nov yog cov ntawv sau tseg los ntawm 2017. xyoo, thiab tsis yog ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm kev nqa lub peev xwm, ib txoj haujlwm kho dua tshiab lossis kev qhia rau kev ua haujlwm ywj pheej. Cov ntsiab lus qub, kev ntsuas, cov khoom siv, qhov kub thiab txias thiab cov txheej txheem raug xa mus yam tsis tau kuaj xyuas raws li cov qauv thiab cov kev cai niaj hnub no. Kev tawg, deflections, spalling ntawm plaster los yog pob zeb, corrosion, rotting, popping suab thiab lwm yam cim ntawm lub qab nthab los yog qab nthab puas yuav qhia tau tias muaj kev pheej hmoo loj. Tsis txhob nyob twj ywm hauv qab cov qauv tsis txaus ntseeg, tsis txhob txhawb nqa nws, tsis txhob qhib cov phab ntsa thiab tsis txhob tshem tawm cov kev txhawb nqa yam tsis muaj cov lus qhia ntawm tus kws tsim qauv kev tso cai; yog tias tsim nyog, muab qhov chaw thiab hu rau cov kev pabcuam muaj peev xwm. Daim ntawv strips hla cov kab nrib pleb tsis yog ib qho kev hloov rau kev soj ntsuam kev tshaj lij. Cov ntoo uas muaj kab mob lossis kho yuav tsum tsis txhob hlawv ntawm nws tus kheej.
Qab nthab, qab nthab thiab kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov qauv tsis yog ib feem ntawm kev tshaj tawm tshiab ntawm Savo Kusić. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim khoom tam sim no muaj xws li ntoo qhov rais, ntoo-aluminium Qhov rais thiab lub qhov rooj customized. Rau ib qhov project qhov rais lossis qhov rooj, koj tuaj yeem xa thov rau nqe lus.
Qab nthab lossis qab nthab raws li cov qauv tsim
Ceiling lossis ceiling yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub tsev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsev neeg cov tsev thiab cov tsev nyob rau lub asthiv, peb feem ntau tsuas muaj lub qab nthab ntawm qab daus thiab qab nthab, tab sis txawm rau kev kho ntawm cov no, ib tug tsim nyog kws txawj yog xav tau, nrog rau ib tug kws lub tuam txhab.
Kev ua txhaum hauv qab tsuas tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij. Feem ntau, lawv txoj kev kho yog qhov nyuaj heev thiab muaj feem xyuam rau cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub ntsiab load-bearing thiab tsim cov txheej txheem thauj khoom ib ntus. Yog li ntawd, peb tsis tuaj yeem muab cov lus qhia txog kev ywj pheej “tsev” kho thiab hloov lub qab nthab, peb tsuas yog piav qhia lawv cov ntsiab lus thiab kev tsim kho thiab muab tswv yim rau kev pom lawv qhov yuam kev.
Los ntawm txoj kab hla mus rau cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog
Qhov kev daws teeb meem qub tshaj plaws yog lub teeb hlais (daim duab.1,1. ib feem). Tau ntau txhiab xyoo, kab teeb tau ua los ntawm ntoo thiab muab tso rau crosswise, nrog rau qhov kawg ntawm kab teeb nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa loj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov neeg pluag tsev qub, nrog ib tug longitudinal duab, kab teeb kuj tau muab tso rau raws li lub tsev ntawm ob kawg phab ntsa, thiab luv luv transverse beams tau muab tso rau saum no. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, ib feem ntawm lub load tau pauv los ntawm transverse beams mus rau longitudinal sawv daws yuav, thiab los ntawm qhov no mus rau lub kawg phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev. Lawv muab cov laug cam rau sab sauv ntawm cov kab hla hla thiab muab ib txheej av nplaum rau ntawm lub qab nthab uas tsim los ntawm txoj kev no rau kaw thiab thermal insulation. Tom qab ntawd, cov laug cam tau muab tso rau ntawm kab teeb ntawm sab qis, thiab lawv tau npog nrog plastered stucco.
Hauv qhov tseeb, qhov kev daws teeb meem no tseem siv niaj hnub no, nrog qhov sib txawv uas iron siv rau cov tsev loj dua (Daim duab1,7. part), i.e. reinforced concrete beams (fig.1,4. ib feem) tsis yog ntoo. Cov laug cam tau hloov los ntawm cov ntsiab lus pob zeb lossis cov khoom ua los ntawm cib thiab pob zeb. Cov txheej txheej insulating yog ua los ntawm compacted slag uas ib txheej ntawm cov pob zeb tso, thiab saum toj no ib qho chaw sov los yog txias hauv pem teb (daim duab.1,6. ib feem). Sib nrug los ntawm cov kab teeb ci qab nthab, lub cib qab nthab hauv mortar kuj tau siv dav hauv yav dhau los. Niaj hnub no, cov ceilings no tsis tau ua lawm, tab sis peb tseem tuaj yeem pom lawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov tsev qub qub, qhov chaw uas lawv tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov kab hlau (daim duab VII-9,2. ib feem).
Kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntoo qab nthab
Khoov thiab tawg
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ceilings nrog ntoo beams, bending tej zaum yuav tshwm sim vim overloading (daim duab. 1, 1. part). Ntoo uas dries thiab muaj hnub nyoog dhau lub sij hawm, muaj peev xwm dais lub load tsawg thiab tsawg thiab deforms nyob rau hauv qhov deb tshaj plaws ntawm lub pinching. Peb tuaj yeem paub tam sim ntawd tias lub nqaj yog deformed los ntawm qhov tseeb tias lub qab nthab tau cracked nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Yog tias peb txheeb xyuas cov kab teeb kom ntxaws ntxiv, peb yuav pom tias cov fibers nyob rau sab hauv qab ntawm cov kab teeb tau cuam tshuam, tawg. Beams uas txaus ntshai khoov yuav tsum tau txhawb kom txog thaum kho, saib xyuas kom tsis txhob overload lub qab nthab. Yog tias chav tsev muaj lub qab nthab qis, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los pib qhov kev txhawb nqa hauv qab daus thiab tso cov kab hluav taws xob txhawb nqa ib sab saum toj ntawm lwm qhov. Lub hom phiaj rau kev txhawb nqa kom nruj nruj thaum jamming, tab sis tsis ntau npaum li nws tsa lub qab nthab thiab. insects thiab fungi yog ib qho teeb meem loj nrog cov kab ntoo. Kev puas tsuaj ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab ua kom txo tau cov kabmob muaj peev xwm ntawm cov kab teeb, txawm tias lawv tuaj yeem tawg, thiab tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm lub qhov thiab los ntawm cov hmoov ntoo ejected, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv crackling ntawm cov kab. Yog tias peb tsis tiv thaiv nws raws sijhawm, lossis ua kom puas, kab, peb yuav tsum hloov lub nqaj.
Kab, fungi thiab lwj
Kev puas tsuaj loj heev kuj tshwm sim los ntawm fungi. Muaj ntau ntau hom thiab, hmoov tsis, feem ntau lawv tsis tuaj yeem pom ntawm tsob ntoo. Lawv tsis sib npaug ntawm cov ntoo qhuav lossis ntub tag nrho. Qhov kub zoo tshaj plaws rau lawv cov kev tsim tawm yog +18 txog +29°C.
Txawm li cas los xij, ob hom kev puas tsuaj loj yuav tsum raug cais. Ib qho yog qhov hu ua dry lossis red, vim tias cov ntoo rots thiab hloov mus rau hauv plua plav, thiab nws lub zog kuj txo qis, lub npe hu ua. white nyob rau hauv uas cov dots dawb tshwm nyob rau saum npoo ntawm ntoo thiab lub zog ntawm cov ntoo maj mam txo. Cov ntawv qub hais tias cov ntoo lwj yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tam sim ntawd thiab hlawv; Niaj hnub no txoj kev tshem tawm thiab pov tseg yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij raws li hom ntoo, kev kho mob thiab cov cai siv tau.
Kev puas tsuaj rau vaults, reinforced pob zeb thiab steel
Cib thiab pob zeb vaults
Nws feem ntau tshwm sim nrog cib lossis pob zeb vaults uas lub qub plaster ntog, thiab yog li qhib tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub vault. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, zoo li vim lub siab ntawm lub vault, qee lub ntsiab lus poob ntawm lub vault (daim duab 1, 2. ib feem). Cov cib nruab nrab feem ntau yog tsa. Qhov txhaum yog txheeb xyuas los ntawm qhov tseeb tias qhov nruab nrab ntawm hauv pem teb thawj zaug nce thiab tawg, thiab tom qab dab dej. Yog hais tias lub span loj heev los yog lub vault yog heev tiaj tus, qhov txhaum tshwm sim raws li kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab cib los yog pob zeb.
Reinforced qhob ntsiab
Feem ntau qhov yuam kev ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog yog qhov tsis zoo los yog cov kab ntau dhau uas starts rau crack thiab pieces ntawm cov pob zeb ntog tawm (daim duab 1, 4. part). Xav txog tias cov kab teeb tsa pob zeb tsis khoov, nws nyuaj rau pom lawv qhov kev puas tsuaj thiab yog li lawv yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas ntau zaus. Yog tias peb pom cov kab nrib pleb ntawm lawv, muab cov ntawv nplaum rau ntawm qhov chaw tsis txaus ntseeg los txiav txim seb qhov tawg puas nthuav dav.
steel kab teeb thiab corrosion
Cov yeeb ncuab ntawm cov kab hlau yog corrosion (daim duab. 1, 3. part). Corrosion feem ntau tshwm nyob rau hauv qab daus ceilings, vim hais tias cov phab ntsa feem ntau damp, thiab cov kab teeb nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa. Yog hais tias corrosion yog nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug theem uas cov xeb twb ntog tawm nyob rau hauv tej daim los yog nplai, lub nqaj yuav tsum tau kev txhawb nqa nrog ntoo los yog bricks, thiab nyob rau hauv lub kawg, qhov twg nws yog pinched, nws yuav tsum tau tso tawm, piv txwv li, qhib phab ntsa los txiav txim raws nraim li cas nws puas. Kev tso tawm tsuas yog ua tau los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij.
Reinforced qhob ceilings thiab txheej
Niaj hnub no, lub qab nthab feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog, kom qhov chaw nruab nrab tau ntim nrog cov pob zeb ua ntej lossis cov khoom ua los ntawm cib. Cov ntsiab lus no raug cais nrog ter-daim ntawv uas ib txheej ntawm slag yog muab tso rau, thiab nyob rau saum toj no ib txheej ntawm av nplaum nrog ib tug tuab ntawm txog 5 cm. Ob lub qab nthab thiab hauv qab daus ceilings tuaj yeem ua tau li no. Nyob rau tom kawg, es tsis txhob av nplaum, lub hauv paus pob zeb yog muab tso rau thiab ces ib txheej ntawm pob zeb. Nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm chav tsev, ib txheej ntawm pob zeb dag, pob zeb lossis ntoo tuaj yeem muab tso rau (daim duab 2).
Qee qhov ntaub ntawv
Reinforced-concrete beams (daim duab. 1, 4. ib feem) yog ua nyob rau hauv txawv profiles, qhov ntev thiab ntev, thiab nyob ntawm seb hom, lawv qhov hnyav thiab qhov ntev kuj hloov. Precast qhob cov ntsiab lus thiab cib cov ntsiab lus yog siv rau cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog, uas tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov deb ntawm 100 lossis 60 cm. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob muaj zog yog ua kom lawv qhov xaus ntawm cov phab ntsa, piv txwv li ntawm cornice ntawm qhov ntev ntawm 18 cm thiab lawv raug khi siv cov pob zeb ua hlau tawm ntawm phab ntsa, lossis. paj ntaub. Sab saum toj hauv qab daus, cov kab hluav taws xob ntxiv tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov hu ua stair gliders.
Qhov siab ntawm steel kab teeb nrog qhov ntev 80–400 mm hloov raws nraim tom qab 20 mm. Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov txwv qhov ntev ntawm 6,0 mus rau 92,6 kg ib lub ‘meter’ ntev. Lawv qhov ntev tshaj plaws yog 5, thiab qhov ntev tshaj plaws yog 19 m (daim duab 3).
Hauv cov tsev uas yooj yim dua, reed yog siv los ua cov khoom siv rau cov vaults (daim duab. 1, 5. ib feem). Hauv cov vaj tsev me me - yog tias peb tso ib txheej hauv qab, ib qho saum toj ntawm lub nqaj tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab nrog rau txheej rwb thaiv tsev. Reed tsuas yog siv rau lub qab nthab, thiab txawm tias muaj tsuas yog tias nws tsis taug kev thiab tsis thauj khoom. Nws tuaj yeem raug plastered zoo yog tias peb xub ntxuav nws nrog txhuam hlau. Qhov ntev ntawm txheej yog: 1x2m, thickness 5 lossis 10 cm.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau hais ib zaug ntxiv tias cov vaults tsuas tuaj yeem kho tau raws li kev suav yav dhau los thiab cov haujlwm ua haujlwm nrog rau lub hauv paus ntawm daim ntawv tso cai tsim kho, thiab tus neeg cog lus tsuas yog tus kws tshaj lij lossis tuam txhab tso cai xwb.
Kho kom zoo nkauj qab nthab los ntawm archive
- Kho kom zoo nkauj qab nthab *
- Ntoo beam qab nthab - thawj Joomla illustration tsis pom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv nyeem nkaus xwb thiab tsis tau hloov los ntawm cov duab zoo sib xws.*
Ceiling Decoration - Starry Sky
- Cov duab uas tseem tshuav ntawm cov hniav thiab plaster ceilings los ntawm thawj tsab xov xwm tsis yog ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj savokusic.com thiab tsis tau hloov los ntawm cov duab zoo sib xws.*