Inothi elibalulekile lochwepheshe nelokuvikela: Lona umbhalo ofakwe kungobo yomlando ophuma ku-2017. unyaka, hhayi iphrojekthi noma isiyalo sesimanje sokwenza noma ukulungisa phansi. Ukuphuka, ukusika, ukugaya nokususwa kukakhonkolo, udaka, isitini, amatshe namathayela kungadala uthuli lokwakha oluyingozi, izinto ezibukhali, umsindo kanye nemithwalo yendawo ephakeme, futhi kungase kube nokufakwa kukagesi, amapayipi amanzi, indle noma ukushisa phansi. Izendlalelo ezindala, izinto ezinamathelayo nezinamatshe akumele zicutshungulwe ngaphambi kokuhlonza impahla. Ukwakheka kwe-substrate, umswakama kanye nokuvimbela amanzi, umthamo wokuthwala, ukunwetshwa, ukushisa okungaphansi, ukushelela, ukuhambisana kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuvikelwa kwezakhiwo eziseduze, ukulawula uthuli, imishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu kanye nendlela yokulahla kufanele kuhlolwe isikhungo esithile. Izilinganiso zomthombo, amamiksi, amazinga okushisa nezinqubo kuleli khasi azithathi indawo yomklamo wangempela, ishidi ledatha yomkhiqizo noma usonkontileka oqeqeshiwe.
Ukwenza nokulungisa izitezi akuyona ingxenye yomnikelo omusha womphakathi we-Savo Kusić. Ukugxila kwamanje amafasitela ezingodo, amafasitela okhuni-aluminium, amawindi angokwezifiso kanye neminyango. Ngewindi noma iphrojekthi yomnyango, ungathumela isicelo sekhwothi.
Izitezi ezifaneleke kakhulu zekhishi, i-pantry, indlu yokugezela kanye nethala, ngisho nezamagumbi okuhlala ezindlini zasehlobo, ziyiphansi elibandayo. Kungashiwo ukuthi izitezi ezibandayo azigugi, kulula ukuzigcina zihlanzekile, ukuthengwa kwezinto kanye nokukhiqiza kulula futhi kune-drawback eyodwa kuphela, ukuthi ayabanda (fig.1). Lezi zitezi zizwela kakhulu ekulimaleni.
Ukulungiswa kwezitini
Uhlobo olulula kakhulu lwephansi elibandayo yisitezi sezitini. Yenziwa ngendlela yokuthi amatshe apakishiwe abe wugqinsi10 cmbeka isisekelo sikakhonkolo owugqinsi5 cm, ngokusekelwe ekugqimeni kodaka lukasimende1 cm, futhi izitini zibekwe kulolu ungqimba olungemuva, ngokuvamile noma lubheke. Izitini ezinempilo ngokuphelele kuphela ezinendawo efanayo nobukhulu, okungenzeka ukuthi zixoshwe kabili, zisetshenziswa. izitini ze-clinker.
Ukubeka nokuqondisa izitini kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-lath ende, ukuze zonke izitini zihambisane ukuze zibe endizeni eyodwa ngokushaywa okukhanyayo ku-lath. Udaka lukasimende lwenziwa kusukela1,1cubic meter yesihlabathi esihlungiwe futhi kusuka400 kguphawu lukasimende400, ukuze kube khona ukuminyana kwekhilimu.
Ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, amanye amathayela aphansi angalimala. Izitini ezonakalisiwe kufanele zinqunywe kanye nongqimba lukasimende lodaka kuze kufike ungqimba lukakhonkolo. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisa ubuso bongqimba lukakhonkolo, futhi futhi usike imiphetho engezansi yezitini eziseduze ngendlela ye-prism, futhi ugcwalise lezi zimbobo ngodaka ukuze uzisebenzise ukubopha. Masingazisoli nge-plaster, kungcono ukuthi isitini esishintshayo sibe ngaphezulu kancane kobuso, ngoba sizosilinganisa kalula ngamagalelo akhanyayo ezingeni le-slat, futhi i-plaster eyeqile izophuma eduze komphetho wesitini (fig.1,1. ingxenye).
Ngendlela efanayo, singakwazi ukulungisa zonke izinhlobo zaphansi kusuka ezintweni ezenziwe ngaphambilini (i-ceramic, itshe lokwenziwa) njll.
Isitezi sezitini
Ukulungiswa kwezitezi zikakhonkolo
Isitezi esiwukhonkolo siyisitezi esibanda kakhulu ngakho asiwafanele amagumbi okuhlala. Kuyabanda ngoba ithintana ngqo nomhlabathi futhi iyikhonduki enhle yokushisa. Ungqimba olungaphezulu lodaka lukasimende, ukwakheka kwalo kufana nokwakhiwa kodaka lukasimende lwephansi lezitini, kufanele okungenani lube 1,5 cm obukhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho luzoqhekeka. Ingaphezulu likakhonkolo lilinganiswe nge-trowel ukuze lilingane. Kungcono ukubeka izingqimba ngazinye ngokushesha ngemva komunye - ngaphandle kongqimba lwamatshe - ukuze izingqimba zihlangane kahle. Kusukela kulokhu kakade kuvela ubunzima bokulungisa, okungukuthi. ngenxa yokuhlangana kwezendlalelo, izitezi zikakhonkolo azisoze zalungiswa kahle (fig. 1, 2. ingxenye).
Uma sisanquma ukulungisa, sizodinga ukuphula ingxenye enkulu kakhulu kakhonkolo owonakele, kuze kufike kusendlalelo sesisekelo. Kulokhu futhi, izingxenye ezingezansi kufanele zinqunywe ngesimo se-prism noma okungenani ziqiniswe. Okokuqala sibeka ungqimba lukakhonkolo oluyisisekelo oluhlanganiswe kahle endaweni ephukile, bese sibeka udaka lukasimende phezu kwalokhu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-tamping iqine futhi ngaphambi kokunyathela izingqimba ezintsha simanzise indawo ezungeze ingxenye eyonakele kahle. I-Cement mortar - i-glaze, akumele ibe yinhle kakhulu, ngoba izohlukana ne-substrate uma yomile. Kufanele wazi ukuthi ngemuva kokumisa, umbala wokhonkolo olungisiwe uzoba lula kancane.
Uma ukuvuleka, okungukuthi imbobo edinga ukulungiswa kucwecwe, incane kakhulu, isibonelo usayizi wepheya 5, imbobo kufanele ihlanzwe kahle ngomshanelo noma ibhulashi futhi igcwaliswe ngodaka lukasimende ngemva kokumanzisa.
Amathayela aphansi
Izitezi ezenziwe ngemfucuza amathayela amatshe okwenziwa (amasha) afana namaphansi okhonkolo. Nokho, ungqimba olungaphezulu lwalezi zitezi alulona udaka lukasimende, kodwa ama-tile okwenziwa emfucumfucu yamatshe anendawo engaphezulu eyisicaba nawo afakwa odakeni lukasimende. Iphutha elivame kakhulu, noma umonakalo, walezi zitezi ukuthi amathayela angawodwana ayaxega.
Tile floor
Ngesikhathi kulungiswa, kufanele kuqikelelwe ukuthi ungaxegisi amathayela ancikene lapho unwetshwa futhi uqinisa ingxenye eyonakele. Uma kudingekile ukususa nokufaka kabusha amathayili ngenxa yokulimala engxenyeni enkulu, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe eqinisweni lokuthi amathayili abekwe eduze komunye nomunye ngokuqinile ngangokunokwenzeka nokuthi izikhala phakathi kwazo azenzi imigqa emikhulu nemide eqondile, engabangela kalula imifantu (fig. 1,3. ingxenye)
Isithombe 1 — Ukubuka kungobo yomlando kwezendlalelo nezici zephansi elibandayo
Amathayela amatshe okwenziwa avame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu phansi kwamakhishi, izindlu zangasese kanye namakamelo okugcina. Ngokukhetha okufanelekile kwemibala emnyama nebonakalayo yemigqa yalawa mathayili, izitezi ezikhangayo kakhulu zingenziwa. Isisekelo salezi zitezi senziwa ngendlela evamile, ngakho-ke ubukhulu bokhonkolo obungaphansi yikho konke2 cm. Ubukhulu bamakhiyubhu amatshe okwenziwa busukela15x15cm kuze40x40cm. I-Dimension isetshenziswa kakhulu20x20cm. Kulobu bukhulu, izingcezu eziyingxenye, izingcezu eziyingxenye ye-diagonal, izingcezu ze-skirting kanye nezingcezu ze-skirting zingatholakala (isib.1,4. ingxenye). Ukuze kuhlanganiswe kangcono, izingxenye ezingezansi zalawa ma-tile zifakwe imiphetho. Uma i-tile yonakalisiwe, iqhekekile, iphukile, iphukile noma ikhululekile, kufanele ishintshwe. Inqubo yokushintshwa imi kanje: amathayela alimele asamile ngokuqinile kufanele aphulwe ngesando kanye neshizolo futhi imiphetho ihlukaniswe namathayili angomakhelwane, ukhonkolo osekelayo kufanele futhi uphuke ube uhhafu ubukhulu bawo bese kwenziwa umsele omise okwejuba emaphethelweni (isib.2,1. ingxenye). I-tile entsha kufanele ihlanzwe kahle futhi imanziswe, i-groove kufanele igcwaliswe ngenani elifanele lodaka lukasimende, futhi ithayela kufanele libekwe ukuze libe ngaphezu kancane kwamanye amathayili futhi, ngendlela evamile, lilinganiswe ngokushaya kwesando kuya ezingeni lamanye amathayili (fig.2,2. ingxenye). Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, lapho i-tile entsha isivele ibekwe kancane, kufanele isulwe ngendwangu emanzi ukuze udaka lukasimende lunganamatheli ebusweni bamathayela futhi lushiye imikhondo engenakucimeka (isib.2).
Ngendlela efanayo, siphinde silungise ama-tile amatshe phansi, ubukhulu10x10cm (amathayela womshanelo). Lapho ufaka i-floor entsha kusuka kulawa ma-tile, kuyadingeka ukuthi uthole indawo yokugcina, ngoba kamuva kuba nzima ukuthola amathayili anobukhulu obufanayo nemibala. Ubuningi obusele kufanele bugcinwe ngokucophelela ekhoneni lendlu engaphansi.
Izitezi ezenziwe ngamatshe, amathayela amatshe kanye nokhonkolo kufanele kufakwe isihlabathi ngemva kokoma ngokuphelele nokubopha. Inhloso yokwenza isihlabathi ukususa imiphetho nokungalingani kanye nokulinganisa indawo engaphezulu ngokususa izingqimba ezingaphezulu zamathayili ancikene. Ukugaya kungenziwa ngomshini ohlanganisa itshe lokugaya le-trapezoidal elinesibambo, elifakwe umbambi wensimbi ogobile wetshe lokugaya ekugcineni. Lapho ugaya, itshe lokugaya kufanele lihanjiswe ukuze lihlanganise izindawo zamathayili aseduze.
Ukugaya amatshe, ukhonkolo namathayili akufanele kwenziwe ngokwale ncazelo emfushane yomlando. Ukuhlonza impahla, umshini ofanelekile nokuvikela, ukulawula uthuli namanzi, ukuvikelwa kokufakwayo nezindawo eziseduze, kanye nokuhlola ukuthi ukucubungula akulimazi ukucaba, ukuqedwa noma ukunqanda ukushelela kwephansi kuyadingeka.
Stone floor
Naka isimo sezulu! Izitezi ezibandayo zingalungiswa kuphela uma izinga lokushisa lingenani + 5°C, uma isimo sezulu somile futhi sinomoya futhi uma igumbi lingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside. Uma sisebenzisa izindawo ezilungiswe ngokushesha kakhulu, izingxenye ezilungisiwe zingase zonakaliswe, zingcoliswe noma zixege. Izingxenye ezincane, isb. ukulungiswa, singavikela ukusetshenziswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngamabhodi. Uma kunjalo, imiphetho emincane yama-slats kufanele ibekwe ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zamabhodi ukuze umthwalo ungadluliswa ezingxenyeni ezilungisiwe.
Ngemva kokusetha, indawo engaphezulu kufanele igezwe ngamanzi amaningi phakathi nosuku, ngoba amanzi asekela ukumiswa kukakhonkolo, okungukuthi usimende.
Izinga lokushisa elishiwo kanye nenqubo yokugcinwa komswakamo kugcinwa njengengxenye yombhalo wokuqala, kodwa akuyona incazelo yendawo yonke. Izimo zokufaka, isikhathi sokuvikela, indlela yokulungisa kanye nesikhathi lapho iphansi lisetshenziswa khona kufanele kulandele ishidi lamanje lobuchwepheshe lodaka oluthile, ukhonkolo, into enamathelayo noma ehlangene kanye nezimo zesakhiwo.
Isithombe2- Ukubuka kwengobo yomlando kokushintshwa kwethayela ngalinye laphansi