** Daim ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj lij thiab kev ruaj ntseg: ** Qhov no yog cov ntawv sau cia los ntawm 2017. xyoo, thiab tsis yog ib qhov project lossis kev qhia niaj hnub rau kev ua lossis kho hauv pem teb. Kev tawg, txiav, sib tsoo thiab tshem tawm cov pob zeb, mortar, cib, pob zeb thiab cov vuas tuaj yeem tsim kev puas tsuaj rau cov plua plav, ntse, suab nrov thiab cov khoom hnyav hauv zos, thiab tej zaum yuav muaj hluav taws xob, kav dej, dej phwj tuaj lossis cua sov hauv pem teb. Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg qub, cov nplaum thiab cov coatings yuav tsum tsis txhob ua tiav ua ntej kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom. Substrate muaj pes tsawg leeg, noo noo thiab waterproofing, bearing peev xwm, expansion, underfloor cua sov, slipperiness, khoom compatibility, kev tiv thaiv ntawm ib puag ncig cov qauv, plua plav tswj, cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej thiab cov txheej txheem pov tseg yuav tsum raug soj ntsuam rau qhov chaw tshwj xeeb. Cov kev ntsuas qhov chaw, sib tov, qhov kub thiab txias thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm nplooj ntawv no tsis yog qhov hloov pauv rau tus qauv tsim, cov ntaub ntawv cov khoom lossis cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog.
Kev tsim thiab kho cov plag tsev tsis yog ib feem ntawm qhov kev thov tshiab rau pej xeem ntawm Savo Kusić. Lub hom phiaj tam sim no yog ntoo qhov rais, ntoo-aluminium Qhov rais, lub qhov rais kev cai thiab qhov rooj. Rau qhov project qhov rais lossis qhov rooj, koj tuaj yeem xa thov rau nqe lus.
Cov plag tsev uas tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau chav ua noj, pantry, chav dej thiab terrace, thiab txawm tias cov chav nyob hauv cov tsev nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, yog cov plag tsev txias. Nws tuaj yeem hais tias cov plag tsev txias tsis hnav, lawv yooj yim los ntxuav, kev yuav khoom thiab kev tsim khoom yog yooj yim thiab lawv tsuas muaj qhov tsis zoo, uas yog tias lawv txias (fig.1). Cov plag tsev no zoo heev rau kev puas tsuaj.
Kho cov av cib
Hom kev txias tshaj plaws yog cov av cib. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug pob zeb puag ntawm 5 cm thickness yog muab tso rau ntawm pob zeb pob zeb nrog ib tug tuab ntawm 10 cm, ib tug cement mortar ntawm 1 cm thickness yog muab tso rau hauv lub hauv paus, thiab cib muab tso rau ntawm no rov qab txheej, ib txwm los yog tig. Tsuas yog cov cib noj qab nyob zoo nrog cov chaw sib xws thiab qhov ntev, tej zaum yuav raug rho tawm ob zaug, yog siv. Clinker cib.
Kev tso thiab sib dhos ntawm cov cib yog ua tiav siv lub lath ntev, kom tag nrho cov cib sib dhos kom lawv nyob rau hauv ib lub dav hlau nrog lub teeb tshuab ntawm lub lath. Cement mortar yog tsim los ntawm 1,1 cubic meter ntawm sifted xuab zeb thiab 400 kg cement ntawm hom 400, kom nws muaj qhov ntom ntom.
Tom qab siv sijhawm ntev, qee qhov hauv pem teb cib yuav puas. Cov bricks puas yuav tsum tau txiav nrog rau cov cement mortar txheej mus txog rau txheej pob zeb. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau roughen qhov saum npoo ntawm cov pob zeb, thiab tseem txiav cov npoo qis ntawm cov cib uas nyob ib sab hauv cov duab ntawm lub prism, thiab sau cov qhov nrog mortar siv lawv rau kev khi. Cia peb tsis txhob khuv xim lub plaster, nws yog qhov zoo dua yog tias lub cib hloov me ntsis saum npoo av, vim tias peb yuav yooj yim theem nws nrog lub teeb tshuab ntawm slat-theem, thiab cov plaster ntau dhau yuav tawm ntawm ntug ntawm lub cib (daim duab 1, 1. part).
Ib yam li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem kho txhua yam ntawm cov plag tsev uas ua los ntawm cov khoom siv prefabricated (ceramic, pob zeb dag) thiab lwm yam.
Cib pem teb
Kho pob zeb pem teb
Pob zeb hauv pem teb yog qhov txias tshaj plaws hauv pem teb thiab yog li tsis haum rau chav nyob. Nws yog txias vim nws yog nyob rau hauv ncaj qha kev sib cuag nrog av thiab yog ib tug zoo conductor ntawm tshav kub. Sab saum toj txheej ntawm cov cement mortar, uas nws muaj pes tsawg leeg zoo ib yam li cov cement mortar rau hauv pem teb cib, yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 1,5 cm tuab, txwv tsis pub nws yuav tawg. Qhov saum npoo ntawm lub pob zeb yog leveled nrog ib tug trowel kom nws txawm. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los muab cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg tam sim ntawd ib qho tom qab lwm qhov - tshwj tsis yog rau cov gravel txheej - kom cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg zoo nrog ib leeg. Los ntawm qhov no twb tshwm sim qhov nyuaj ntawm kev kho, piv txwv li. vim kev sib txuas ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, pob zeb hauv pem teb yeej tsis tuaj yeem kho tau zoo (daim duab 1, 2. part).
Yog tias peb tseem txiav txim siab kho, ces peb yuav tsum tau tawg ib feem ntau ntawm cov pob zeb puas, mus txog rau txheej txheej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no ib yam nkaus thiab, qhov qis yuav tsum tau txiav nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm ib tug prism los yog tsawg kawg yog ntxiv dag zog. Peb ua ntej tso ib txheej ntawm cov pob zeb zoo-compacted hauv qhov qhib tawg, thiab tom qab ntawd cement mortar rau saum qhov no. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas cov tamping muaj zog thiab ua ntej tamping cov txheej tshiab peb ntub thaj tsam ib ncig ntawm qhov puas lawm zoo. Cement mortar - glaze, yuav tsum tsis txhob zoo heev, vim hais tias nws yuav cais los ntawm substrate thaum ziab. Koj yuav tsum paub tias tom qab ziab, cov xim ntawm cov pob zeb kho yuav sib zog me ntsis.
Yog qhov qhib, piv txwv li lub qhov uas yuav tsum tau kho ntawm lub glaze, yog me me, piv txwv li qhov loj ntawm ib tug 5 khub, ces lub qhov yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav zoo nrog ib tug txhuam los yog txhuam thiab ntim nrog cement mortar tom qab ntub dej.
Pobzeb pem teb
Cov pem teb ua los ntawm cov pob zeb pov tseg (tshiab) zoo ib yam li cov pob zeb ua vaj tse. Cov txheej sab saud ntawm cov plag tsev no, txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog cov cement mortar, tab sis cov pob zeb pov tseg cov vuas nrog lub tiaj tiaj saum npoo kuj tau muab tso rau hauv cov cement mortar. Qhov yuam kev tshaj plaws, lossis kev puas tsuaj, ntawm cov plag tsev no yog cov vuas ib leeg dhau los.
Tile floors
Thaum kho, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom tsis txhob xoob cov vuas nyob ib sab thaum nthuav thiab ntxiv dag zog rau qhov puas. Yog tias tsim nyog tshem tawm thiab rov txhim kho cov vuas vim kev puas tsuaj rau qhov loj, yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau qhov tseeb tias cov vuas tau muab tso rau ntawm ib sab kom nruj raws li qhov ua tau thiab cov qhov nruab nrab ntawm lawv tsis tsim cov kab loj thiab ntev ntev, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tawg yooj yim (daim duab 1,3. part).
Duab 1 — Archive saib ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov plag tsev txias
Artificial pob zeb vuas feem ntau siv rau hauv pem teb ntawm chav ua noj, chav dej thiab chav cia khoom. Nrog rau qhov tsim nyog xaiv ntawm cov xim tsaus thiab pom ntawm kab ntawm cov vuas, cov plag tsev zoo nkauj tuaj yeem ua tau. Lub hauv paus rau cov plag tsev no yog ua raws li niaj zaus, yog li lub thickness ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb yog txhua yam2 cm. Qhov ntev ntawm cov pob zeb dag pob zeb sib txawv los ntawm15x15cm mus40x40cm. Dimension feem ntau yog siv20x20cm. Rau qhov ntsuas no, ib nrab daim, kab pheeb ces kaum ib nrab daim, daim tiab nrog rau daim tiab tuaj yeem tau txais (daim duab.1,4. ib feem). Rau kev khi zoo dua, qhov qis ntawm cov vuas no yog nruab nrog cov npoo. Yog hais tias lub pobzeb puas, tawg, tawg, chipped los yog xoob, nws yuav tsum tau hloov. Cov txheej txheem rau kev hloov pauv yog raws li hauv qab no: cov vuas puas uas tseem ruaj khov yuav tsum tau tawg nrog rauj thiab chisel thiab cov npoo sib cais los ntawm cov vuas nyob sib ze, cov pob zeb txhawb nqa yuav tsum tau tawg mus rau ib nrab ntawm nws tuab thiab dovetail-shaped zawj yuav tsum tau ua rau ntawm cov npoo (daim duab.2,1. ib feem). Cov pobzeb tshiab yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav kom huv thiab ntub dej, qhov zawj yuav tsum tau ntim nrog qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov cement mortar, thiab cov pobzeb yuav tsum tau muab tso kom nws yog me ntsis siab dua lwm cov vuas thiab, raws li ib txwm, leveled nrog lub teeb tshuab ntawm rauj mus rau theem ntawm lwm cov vuas (daim duab.2,2. ib feem). Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, thaum cov pobzeb tshiab tau teeb tsa me ntsis, nws yuav tsum tau so nrog cov ntaub ntub dej kom cov cement mortar tsis lo rau saum npoo ntawm cov vuas thiab tawm hauv qhov tsis pom kev (daim duab.2).
Nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev zoo sib xws, peb kuj kho pob zeb pobzeb pem teb, qhov ntev10x10cm (vuas vuas). Thaum txhim kho hauv pem teb tshiab los ntawm cov vuas no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tau txais qee qhov tshwj xeeb, vim tias tom qab ntawd nws nyuaj kom tau cov vuas ntawm qhov sib npaug thiab xim. Cov khoom seem yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo khaws cia rau hauv ib lub ces kaum ntawm lub qab daus.
Cov pem teb ua los ntawm cov pob zeb, pob zeb vuas thiab pob zeb yuav tsum tau sanded tom qab ua tiav ziab thiab sib txuas. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev xuab zeb yog tshem tawm cov npoo thiab qhov tsis sib xws thiab txawm tias tawm ntawm qhov chaw los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov txheej txheej ntawm cov vuas uas nyob ib sab. Kev sib tsoo tuaj yeem nqa tawm nrog lub cuab yeej uas muaj lub pob zeb sib tsoo trapezoidal nrog ib tus kov, uas yog nruab nrog cov ntawv khoov hlau rau lub pob zeb sib tsoo thaum kawg. Thaum sib tsoo, lub pob zeb sib tsoo yuav tsum tau txav mus kom nws suav nrog cov nplais nyob ib sab.
Kev sib tsoo ntawm pob zeb, pob zeb thiab cov vuas yuav tsum tsis txhob ua raws li cov lus piav qhia keeb kwm luv luv no. Kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv, lub tshuab tsim nyog thiab kev tiv thaiv, plua plav thiab dej tswj, kev tiv thaiv kev teeb tsa thiab qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig, nrog rau kev kuaj xyuas tias kev ua haujlwm tsis ua rau lub tiaj tiaj, ua tiav lossis tiv thaiv hauv pem teb.
Stone floors
Ua tib zoo saib xyuas huab cua! Cov plag tsev txias tuaj yeem kho tau yog tias qhov ntsuas kub tsawg kawg yog + 5°C, yog tias huab cua qhuav thiab cua thiab yog tias chav tsev tsis siv lub sijhawm ntev. Yog tias peb siv qhov chaw kho sai sai, cov khoom kho yuav raug puas ntsoog, av los yog loosened. Qhov me me, piv txwv li. kho, peb tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev siv ntxov ntxov nrog cov laug cam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nqaim npoo ntawm slats yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub qis seem ntawm cov laug cam kom lub load tsis hloov mus rau lub kho qhov chaw.
Tom qab teeb tsa, qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tau ntxuav nrog dej kom ntau thaum nruab hnub, vim tias dej txhawb kev teeb tsa ntawm cov pob zeb, xws li cement.
Cov txheej txheem tswj xyuas qhov kub thiab av noo yog khaws cia ua ib feem ntawm cov ntawv qub, tab sis tsis yog cov lus qhia dav dav. Kev teeb tsa, kev tiv thaiv lub sijhawm, kev saib xyuas thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev siv hauv pem teb yuav tsum ua raws li cov ntawv qhia tam sim no ntawm cov mortar, qhob, nplaum lossis grouting compound thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm lub tsev.
Duab 2 — Archive saib ntawm ib tug neeg hauv pem teb hloov pobzeb