Chidziwitso chofunikira cha akatswiri ndi chitetezo: Awa ndi mawu osungidwa kuchokera ku 2017. chaka, osati ntchito kapena malangizo amakono opanga kapena kukonzanso pansi. Kuthyola, kudula, kugaya ndi kuchotsa konkire, matope, njerwa, miyala ndi matailosi kungapangitse fumbi loopsa la zomangamanga, lakuthwa, phokoso ndi katundu wambiri wamba, ndipo pangakhale magetsi, mapaipi, zimbudzi kapena zotenthetsera pansi. Zigawo zakale, zomatira ndi zokutira siziyenera kukonzedwa musanazindikire zakuthupi. Gawo la gawo lapansi, chinyezi ndi kutsekereza madzi, kubereka mphamvu, kukulitsa, kutentha kwapansi, kuterera, kuyanjana kwazinthu, kuteteza nyumba zoyandikana, kuwongolera fumbi, zida zodzitchinjiriza ndi njira yotayira ziyenera kuyesedwa pa malo enieni. Miyezo, kaphatikizidwe, kutentha ndi ndondomeko zomwe zili patsambali sizilowa m’malo mwa mapangidwe enieni, pepala lazinthu kapena kontrakitala wodziwa ntchito yake.
Kupanga ndi kukonza pansi si gawo lazotsatsa zatsopano za Savo Kusić. Zomwe zikuchitika pano ndi mazenera amatabwa, mazenera a matabwa a aluminiyamu, mazenera amwambo ndi zitseko. Pazenera kapena pakhomo, mutha kutumiza pempho la mtengo.
Pansi yoyenera kwambiri kukhitchini, pantry, bafa ndi bwalo, komanso ngakhale zipinda zochezera m’nyumba zachilimwe, ndizozizira. Zinganenedwe kuti pansi pozizira sizimatha, zimakhala zosavuta kuti zikhale zoyera, kugula zinthu ndi kupanga ndi zophweka ndipo zimakhala ndi drawback imodzi yokha, yomwe imakhala yozizira (mkuyu.1). Pansipa ndizovuta kwambiri kuwonongeka.
Kukonza pansi njerwa
Mtundu wosavuta kwambiri wa pansi ozizira ndi pansi pa njerwa. Amapangidwa m’njira yoti maziko a konkire a 5 cm makulidwe amayikidwa pamiyala yodzaza ndi makulidwe a 10 cm, matope a simenti a 1 cm amayikidwa pansi, ndipo njerwa zimayikidwa pamsana uwu, nthawi zambiri kapena moyang’anizana. Ndi njerwa zathanzi zokhazokha zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi miyeso, mwina zowotchedwa kawiri, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. njerwa zomangira.
Kuyika ndi kuyanjanitsa njerwa kumachitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito lath lalitali, kotero kuti njerwa zonse zimagwirizana kuti zikhale mu ndege imodzi ndi kuphulika kowala pa lath. Tondo la simenti limapangidwa kuchokera ku 1,1 kiyubiki mita yamchenga wosefa ndi 400 kg simenti ya mtundu 400, kuti ikhale ndi zonona zonona.
Akagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali, njerwa zina zapansi zimatha kuwonongeka. Njerwa zowonongeka ziyenera kudulidwa pamodzi ndi matope a simenti mpaka pamwamba pa konkire. M’pofunika roughen pamwamba pa wosanjikiza konkire, komanso kudula m’mphepete m’munsi mwa njerwa moyandikana mu mawonekedwe a prism, ndi kudzaza mabowo awa ndi matope ntchito kumanga. Tisadandaule ndi pulasitala, ndi bwino ngati njerwa yolowa m’malo ili pamwamba pang’ono, chifukwa timayimitsa mosavuta ndi nkhonya zopepuka pa slat-level, ndipo pulasitala yochulukirapo idzatuluka pafupi ndi m’mphepete mwa njerwa (mkuyu 1, 1. gawo)
Momwemonso, tikhoza kukonza mitundu yonse ya pansi kuchokera kuzinthu zopangidwa kale (ceramic, miyala yopangira) ndi zina.
Pansi ya njerwa
Kukonza pansi konkire
Pansi konkire ndiye pansi pozizira kwambiri motero sikoyenera zipinda zochezera. Kumazizira chifukwa kumakhudza kwambiri pansi ndipo ndi kokondetsetsa bwino kutentha. Pamwamba pa matope a simenti, omwe mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi matope a simenti pansi pa njerwa, ayenera kukhala osachepera 1,5 cm wandiweyani, apo ayi adzasweka. Pamwamba pa konkire imayikidwa ndi trowel kuti ikhale yofanana. Ndi bwino kuyika zigawozo nthawi yomweyo chimodzi pambuyo pa chimzake - kupatulapo miyala ya miyala - kuti zigawozo zigwirizane bwino. Kuyambira kale pali vuto la kukonza, mwachitsanzo. chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwa zigawo, pansi konkire singakhoze kukonzedwa bwino (mkuyu. 1, 2. gawo).
Ngati tikuganizabe kukonza, ndiye kuti tifunika kuswa gawo lalikulu la konkire yowonongeka, mpaka pansi. Momwemonso, mbali zapansi ziyenera kudulidwa mu mawonekedwe a prism kapena kulimbitsa. Poyamba timayika konkriti wokhazikika bwino pamalo osweka, kenako simenti pamwamba pa izi. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tamping ikhale yolimba komanso kuti tisananyamule zigawo zatsopano timanyowetsa bwino dera lomwe lawonongeka. Simenti yamatope - glaze, sayenera kukhala yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa idzalekanitsa ndi gawo lapansi poyanika. Muyenera kudziwa kuti mutatha kuyanika, mtundu wa konkire wokonzedwa udzakhala wopepuka pang’ono.
Ngati kutsegula, i.e. dzenje lomwe likufunika kukonzedwa pa glaze, ndiloling’ono kwambiri, mwachitsanzo kukula kwake kwa 5, ndiye kuti dzenjelo liyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi tsache kapena burashi ndikudzaza ndi matope a simenti pambuyo ponyowa.
Pansi pa matailosi
Pansi opangidwa ndi zinyalala matailosi amiyala (atsopano) ndi ofanana ndi pansi konkire. Kumtunda kwa pansi kumeneku simatope a simenti, koma matailosi amiyala ochita kupanga okhala ndi malo athyathyathya amaikidwanso mumatope a simenti. Cholakwika chofala, kapena kuwonongeka, kwa pansi kumeneku ndikuti matailosi amodzi amamasuka.
Pansi
Pokonza, samalani kuti musamasule matayala oyandikana nawo pokulitsa ndi kulimbikitsa gawo lomwe lawonongeka. Ngati kuli kofunikira kuchotsa ndi kukonzanso matailosi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa gawo lalikulu, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa chifukwa chakuti matayala amaikidwa pafupi ndi wina ndi mzake molimba momwe angathere komanso kuti mipata pakati pawo sipanga mizere ikuluikulu ndi yaitali yowongoka, yomwe ingayambitse mosavuta ming’alu (mkuyu 1,3. gawo).
Chithunzi 1 - Onani m’nkhokwe za zigawo ndi zinthu zapansi pozizira
Matailosi amiyala ochita kupanga amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pansi pa khitchini, mabafa ndi zipinda zosungira. Ndi kusankha koyenera kwa mitundu yakuda ndi yowoneka ya mizere ya matailosi awa, pansi zokongola kwambiri zimatha kupangidwa. Maziko a pansi awa amapangidwa mwachizolowezi, kotero makulidwe a konkire yapansi ndi chirichonse2 cm. Miyeso ya ma cubes amwala ochita kupanga imachokera15x15cm mpaka40x40cm. Dimension imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri20x20cm. Kwa gawo ili, zidutswa za theka, zidutswa za diagonal, zidutswa za skirting komanso zidutswa za skirting zitha kupezeka (mkuyu.1,4. gawo). Kuti amangirire bwino, m’munsi mwa matailosiwa amakhala ndi m’mphepete. Ngati tile yawonongeka, yosweka, yosweka, yophwanyidwa kapena yotayika, iyenera kusinthidwa. Njira yosinthira ili motere: matailosi owonongeka omwe adayimilirabe ayenera kuthyoledwa ndi nyundo ndi chisel ndi m’mphepete mwake olekanitsidwa ndi matailosi oyandikana nawo, konkire yothandizira iyeneranso kuthyoledwa mpaka theka la makulidwe ake ndipo poyambira ngati nkhunda iyenera kupangidwa m’mphepete (mkuyu.2,1. gawo). Tile yatsopano iyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndikunyowetsedwa, poyambira iyenera kudzazidwa ndi kuchuluka koyenera kwa matope a simenti, ndipo matayalawo amayenera kuyikidwa kuti akhale pamwamba pa matayala enawo, ndipo, mwachizolowezi, amawongoleredwa ndi kuwomba kwa nyundo mpaka pamlingo wa matayala ena (mkuyu.2,2. gawo). Patapita nthawi, matailosi atsopano atayikidwa kale pang’ono, ayenera kupukuta ndi nsalu yonyowa kuti matope a simenti asamamatira pamwamba pa matayala ndikusiya zosadziwika (mkuyu.2).
Mofananamo, timakonzanso miyala ya miyala pansi, miyeso10x10cm (ma tiles a tsache). Mukayika malo atsopano kuchokera ku matailosi awa, ndikofunikira kupeza malo osungira, chifukwa pambuyo pake zimakhala zovuta kupeza matailosi ofanana miyeso ndi mitundu. The yopuma kuchuluka ayenera mosamala kusungidwa mu ngodya ya chapansi.
Pansi opangidwa ndi miyala, matailosi amiyala ndi konkire ayenera kupangidwa ndi mchenga pambuyo poumitsa ndi kumanga. Cholinga cha mchenga ndikuchotsa m’mphepete ndi kusafanana ndikuyanjanitsa pamwamba pochotsa zigawo za matailosi oyandikana nawo. Kupera kumatha kuchitidwa ndi chipangizo chokhala ndi mwala wopera wa trapezoidal wokhala ndi chogwirira, chomwe chimakhala ndi chogwirira chachitsulo chopindika chamwala wopera kumapeto. Pogaya, mwala wopera uyenera kusunthidwa kuti uphatikizepo malo a matayala oyandikana nawo.
Kupera miyala, konkire ndi matailosi sikuyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi malongosoledwe achidule awa. Chizindikiritso cha zinthu, makina oyenerera ndi chitetezo, kuwongolera fumbi ndi madzi, kutetezedwa kwa makhazikitsidwe ndi malo oyandikana nawo, komanso kuwona kuti kukonza sikuwononga kutsetsereka, kumaliza kapena kutsika kwapansi kumafunika.
Stone floors
Samalani ndi nyengo! Malo ozizira amatha kukonzedwa kokha ngati kutentha kuli osachepera + 5°C, ngati nyengo ili youma ndi mphepo komanso ngati chipinda sichikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali. Ngati tigwiritsa ntchito malo okonzedwa posachedwa, magawo okonzedwawo amatha kuwonongeka, kuipitsidwa kapena kumasulidwa. Zigawo zing’onozing’ono, mwachitsanzo. kukonza, tikhoza kuteteza ku ntchito msanga ndi matabwa. Zikatero, nsonga zopapatiza za slats ziyenera kuikidwa pamunsi mwa matabwa kuti katundu asasunthidwe kumalo okonzedwa.
Atakonza, pamwamba ayenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi ambiri masana, chifukwa madzi amathandiza kukhazikitsa konkire, mwachitsanzo simenti.
Njira yokonzera kutentha ndi chinyezi imasungidwa ngati gawo lazolemba zoyambirira, koma sizodziwika konsekonse. Mikhalidwe yoyika, nthawi yoteteza, njira yosamalira komanso nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito pansi ziyenera kutsatiridwa ndi pepala lamakono la matope enieni, konkire, zomatira kapena grouting ndi momwe nyumbayo ilili.
Chithunzi 2 - Onani m’nkhokwe za kusintha kwa matailosi apansi