An ƙayyade ingancin itace ta kasancewar ko rashin lahani, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta yana rage ƙarfinsa ko kuma ya tsananta bayyanarsa na waje.
Nodes
A cikin itacen da aka yanke, mutum ya ci karo da ƙulli masu lafiya waɗanda suka haɗa da itace, lafiyayye, wani yanki da aka haɗa tare da itace, da waɗanda ba su haɗa su da shi ba - sako-sako, ƙananan kullin da ke cikin sauƙi (hoto).4). Knots shine ainihin aibi wanda ke ƙayyade ingancin nau’in itace da samfuran, yayin da suke rushe daidaiton itacen, yana da wahala a sarrafa shi da rage ƙarfinsa.
Idan akwai kulli a cikin itace, raguwar ƙarfinsa ya dogara da matakin ruɓewar kullin, girmansa da wurin da yake. Don haka, alal misali, kullin da ke cikin yankin tashin hankali da kuma kan gefuna na katako na rufi yana tasiri sosai ga iyawar su. Dole ne babu kulli da diamita ya fi girma10 mm.
A cikin katakon katako, itacen ya fi rauni a wuraren da akwai kulli - matattu da manyan kulli masu hade. Knots ɗin da aka haɗa su da wani yanki, musamman waɗanda ba a haɗa su ba kwata-kwata, suna rushe amincin abubuwan kuma suna rage ingancin itacen har ma fiye da lafiyayyen kulli.
Hoto4: Nodes - a) lafiya, wuya, fused; b) wanda ba a haɗa shi ba ko kuma wani ɓangaren da aka haɗa; c) faduwa; d) kaho; e) karkatarwa; f) kulli - rabin shaƙa.
Launuka marasa kyau da ruɓe
An raba launuka marasa al’ada da rots zuwa ciki da waje.
Fenti na ciki da ruɓe
Launuka na ciki da rots (Fig5) yana faruwa a lokacin rayuwar bishiyar a cikin tsakiyar bishiyar balagagge ko a cikin ɓangaren bishiyar. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana haifar da su ta hanyar fungi da ke lalata itace. Kwayoyin fungal suna shiga cikin bishiyar ta cikin rassan rassan da suka karye da raunuka ga bishiyar da jijiyoyi.
Hoto5: Rushewar Pine.
A cikin yanke itace na nau’in coniferous da broadleaf, aikin rayuwa na naman gwari yana tsayawa. A cikin itacen nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i-nau’i)) na iya ci gaba da ci gaban fungi har ma a cikin itacen da aka yanke.
Jajayen ciki, tabo da ainihin karya ba su da babban tasiri akan canjin ƙarfin itace. Rubewar ciki, wanda fungi ke haifarwa, yana lalata itacen kuma ya sa ya zama mara amfani a cikin gini.
Fenti na waje da ruɓe
Launuka na waje da ruɓe suna bayyana a cikin itacen da aka yanke muddin akwai isasshen danshi a cikinsa. A lokacin bushewa na wucin gadi, duk spores na fungal da ke haifar da launuka na waje da rube suna mutuwa.
Launuka na waje da robobi sun haɗa da rot na rawaya, mottling, baƙar fata da shuɗi, tabo baƙar fata, ƙumburi, da mildew. Suna lalata bayyanar waje, amma dan kadan rage kayan aikin injiniya na itace. Sapwood rot, pox rot da na gefe mai laushi rube suna lalata itace. Ana nuna wasu lahani na itace a cikin hoton6.
Itace mai kamuwa da naman gwari na asali tana asarar kayan aikinta kuma, a matsayin tushen kamuwa da itace mai lafiya a cikin ɗakunan ajiya da wuraren gine-gine, yakamata a ƙone su.
Hoto6: Rot na nau’ikan itace daban-daban da ke haifar da fungi masu lalata itace - a) mold; b) kumburi; c) kaushi; d) rubewar itace.
Fashewa
Dangane da lokacin da suka bayyana da kuma yanayin raunin da ya faru, an raba tsage-tsatse zuwa ɓangarorin itacen da ake shukawa, waɗanda suka haɗa da ƙonewa, kewayewa da faɗuwar sanyi, da tsagewar saboda damuwa, wanda ya haifar da bushewar itace. Fassara yana lalata amincin itacen (Fig7).
Hoto7: Kararraki na asali na inji - a) flammability; b) kyautata muhalli; c) fasa saboda bushewa da nauyi a kan yanki na zagaye; d) tsaga saboda nauyi akan alluna.
Kurakurai a siffa da tsarin bishiyar
Kuskuren siffar itace
Rashin lahani a cikin siffar bishiyar ya ƙunshi curvature, tsagi, karkatar da zuciya mai ma’ana. Irin wannan kuskuren yana rage yawan amfani da kayan.
Kurakurai tsarin bishiya
Lalacewar tsarin itace - karkatar da igiya, rashin daidaituwar fiber kwarara, rashin daidaituwar layin hatsi, sapwood biyu na ciki, zuciya biyu, da zuciyar ƙarya - suna da alaƙa da tsarin gangar jikin bishiyar mara kyau.
Karkatawa, rashin daidaituwar kwararar fiber da rashin daidaituwar layin hatsi suna rage kaddarorin inji na itace.
Ƙara girman nauyi, nauyi da taurin katakon murɗaɗɗen itace ya fi na itace lafiyayye. Duk da haka, tun da itace tare da ƙananan ƙananan juzu’i na juzu’i ba ya nuna gagarumin canje-canje a cikin kayan aikin injiniya na jiki idan aka kwatanta da itace na al’ada, an ba da izinin yin amfani da shi a cikin ginin tare da wasu ƙuntatawa. Babban jujjuyawar yana rage ingancin manyan iri-iri. Sapwood biyu na itacen oak a daidaitaccen ginin kuma yana rage ingancin.
Zuciyar Bishiyar
Zuciyar itace takan haifar da bazuwar katakon katako a lokacin bushewarsa kuma yana lalata ingancinsa. Tare da ginin zagaye, ba a la’akari da yankin zuciya a matsayin aibi. Zuciya ta biyu tana cutar da ingancin ginin zagaye. Zuciyar da ba ta dace ba sau da yawa tana rage ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin itace, wanda a waɗannan lokuta ya cancanci a ƙananan aji, har zuwa itacen wuta.
Rauni, tabo da nakasu
Rauni rukuni ne na lahani waɗanda suka haɗa da raunin inji, tabo, bushewa da kuma nakasar raunuka. Raunin injina yana iya rage darajar itacen kuma yana taimakawa wajen kamuwa da cututtukan fungi a lokacin girma, da kuma cutar da itacen da ke kewaye da shi yayin ajiya.
Tabo da bushewar wani bangare suna lalata inganci, suna lalata amincin itace kuma suna haifar da yadudduka na shekara-shekara.
Nakasar daga ciwon daji na ɗan dagula kaddarorin injina da rage ingancin itace.
Mugunyar da ba ta dace ba
Incustations, kwalta da buhunan guduro suma suna lalata ingancin itacen.
Zaɓin itace don tagogi da kofofi
Madaidaicin ƙima na kayan yana ɗaya daga cikin batutuwan da suka shafi ginin tagayen katako, itace-aluminum Taga da kofa. Don takamaiman aikin da girman da ake buƙata, aika buƙatar zance.